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1.
在利用我国中部5省（湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、河南）经济协作区52个闪电监测站2007—2010年闪电定位资料和1961—2010年雷暴日资料,分析协作区内闪电参数的分布特征的过程中,发现中部5省闪电参数在30.8°N纬度带两侧呈现不同的变化规律.36.4~30.8°N,正闪强度整体呈下降趋势,正闪陡度变化较小,平均值为16.48 kA·μs-1,负闪强度和陡度在32°N附近形成极大值后,在30.8°N附近迅速下降;一天中闪电频数最大值与最小值出现时间比较分散;初雷日约为4月5日、终雷日约为9月17日.30.8~ 24.4°N,正、负闪电强度绝对值呈上升趋势,正闪强度上升较快,从52.11 kA上升至77.88 kA,负闪强度绝对值上升较平缓,正闪陡度变化较小,平均值约为14.24 kA·μs-1,负闪陡度呈下降趋势,由12.07 kA·μs-1下降到8.90 kA·μs-1;闪电频数最大值出现时间集中在15—16时,闪电频数最小值出现时间集中在8—10时;初雷日约为2月18日,终雷日约为10月17日. 相似文献
2.
利用星载闪电探测仪OTD(optical transient detecter)和LIS(lightning imaging sensor)所获取的1995年6月—2006年4月的卫星闪电资料,结合NOAA Optimum Interpolation SST海温资料,分析我国近海海域的闪电分布时空特征以及闪电活动与该海域海温之间的相关性。结果表明:我国近海闪电密度平均值为3.39 fl·km~(-2)·a~(-1),其中,南海和渤海的闪电活动相对频繁,随着与海岸线间距离以及纬度的增加,该海域闪电密度逐渐下降;在春季和冬季,黑潮主干海域的海温值相对较高,该处闪电活动也明显强于同纬度的东海近海和太平洋海域,表明黑潮海域是强闪电活动区;在季节变化上,我国近海海域闪电活动与同海域海温呈明显正相关,相关系数达0.797,闪电活动与海温变化体现出了一致的变化趋势;而在年际变化上,我国近海海域闪电活动与该海域海温的线性相关不显著,说明我国近海海域海温的年际变化并不是引起该海域闪电活动年际变化的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
2005年8月5-6日滇中地区发生了一次强对流天气。本文应用滇中地区闪电定位仪和自动站降水资料对此次过程进行了分析,结果显示：此次过程中总闪电频数在时间变化上与降水变化不一致,且在每次降水峰值出现前一小时,闪电活动均有增加的现象。通过对NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料的分析发现,闪电在中层相对湿度为45-85%之间活动频繁。当中层的相对湿度超过85%时,会使闪电活动受到抑制,因此降水与闪电在时间的变化上不一致。计算对流抑制能量的结果表明,其绝对值在不高于60 J.kg^-1时有利于滇中不稳定能量在低层的积聚,后期易发生闪电,这对闪电的落区预报有意义。 相似文献
4.
本文选取2007—2018年金华地区地闪资料，研究分析金衢盆地地闪大数据的气候特征，及地闪资料与地形、海拔高度的对应关系.结果显示：1）2007—2018年金华地区地闪年均次数为45 481次，年均地闪密度为4.3次·km-2·a-1，地闪密度变化范围为2.64~5.92次·km-2·a-1；2）2007—2018年金华地区逐年地闪空间分布差异大，各年的空间分布不均匀，地闪主要分布在西南角的仙霞岭及其至会稽山沿线，以及兰溪市、婺城区及金东区交界的金华山，而东南角海拔较高的大盘山和北面的龙门山的总地闪密度高值面积较小；3）将总地闪密度分段与地形、海拔高度对比显示，80次·km-2以上总地闪密度与高海拔山区有较好的一致性，强地闪（电流强度100 kA以上）密度为5~7次·km-2的25个点中有23个点分布在海拔208~989 m山区；4）下垫面电阻率较低的三江流域地区地闪密度为金衢盆地内最大的"洼地"，杭长铁路及附近的地闪密度仅接近平均值，这与其他相关研究结论不一致；5）2007—2018年中有41.7％年份的地闪次数和总地闪次数随海拔高度增加，其他年份的地闪强度均值和总地闪强度均值随海拔高度增长，且均通过了显著性检验. 相似文献
5.
基于卫星资料的全球闪电定位系统探测效率评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于2005-2010年间OTD/LIS闪电观测数据,评估了同期全球闪电定位系统(World Wide Lightning Location Network,WWLLN)的平均探测效率,分别就全球和三大闪电高发区的闪电活动特征,对WWLLN的探测效率进行了讨论分析。OTD/LIS探测得到的全球闪电密度最高值在非洲地区,为160.7km-2·a-1;而WWLLN探测到的闪电密度的最高值在北美洲为15.7km-2·a-1。由于WWLLN探测系统子站在全球布网不均匀,在全球不同区域,WWLLN的探测效率不同。在东南亚地区,WWLLN的探测效率为8.62%;在非洲地区,WWLLN的探测效率为1.86%;在南北美洲,WWLLN的探测效率为7.18%。除此之外,随着月份的变化,不同地区WWLLN的探测效率也不尽相同。如在东南亚,12月的探测效率最高为13.78%;非洲地区2月探测效率最高为2.49%;南北美洲地区,10月探测效率最高为8.44%。随着站点的逐年增多和定位方法的改进,WWLLN的探测效率也在不断提高。3大闪电高发区WWLLN的探测效率呈现明显的逐年增高。 相似文献
6.
S. K. Satheesh K. Krishna Moorthy Y. J. Kaufman T. Takemura 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2006,91(1-4):45-62
Summary The Arabian Sea region (4° N–20° N to 50° E–78° E) has a unique weather pattern on account of the Indian monsoon and the associated
winds that reverse direction seasonally. The aerosol data, collected using ship-borne and island platforms (for 8 years from
1995 to 2002) along with MODIS (onboard TERRA satellite) data (from 2000 to 2003) have been used to evolve a comprehensive
characterisation of the spatial and temporal variation in the physical, chemical, and radiative properties of aerosols over
the Arabian Sea. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was found to increase with latitude between the equator and 12° N. Over the
northern Arabian Sea (regions lying north of 12° N), AODs do not show significant latitudinal variations; the average aerosol
optical depth for this region was 0.29±0.12 during winter monsoon season (WMS; November to March) and 0.47±0.14 during summer
monsoon season (SMS; April/May to September). The corresponding Angstrom exponents were 0.7±0.12 and 0.3±0.08, respectively.
The low values of the exponent during SMS indicate the dominance of large aerosols (mainly dust particles >1 μm). The latitudinal
gradient in AOD in the southern Arabian Sea is larger during SMS compared to WMS.
The size distribution of aerosols shows two well-defined modes, one in the accumulation size regime and the other in the coarse
size regime. During WMS, a third mode (nucleation) also appears in the sub micron range below ∼0.1 μm. The single scattering
albedo does not show significant seasonal variations (remains within ∼0.93 to 0.98 through out the year). During WMS (SMS),
top of the atmosphere diurnally averaged aerosol forcing remains around −6.1 (−14.3)W m−2 over the northern Arabian Sea up to around 12° N and decreases southwards till it attains a value of −3.8 (−3.4)W m−2 at the equator. The surface forcing remains around −16.2(−15.2)W m−2 over the northern Arabian Sea up to 12° N and decreases southwards to a value of −5.5 (−3.5)W m−2 at the equator. Over the north Arabian Sea, instantaneous forcing (flux change) at the surface can be as high as −50 W m−2. The instantaneous forcing decreases with latitude in the southern Arabian Sea at a rate of ∼3 W m−2deg−1. 相似文献
7.
中国大气本底基准观象台（以下简称：瓦里关本底台）座落在青海省海南藏族自治州共和县境内瓦里关山山顶上,坐标为36°17′N,100°54′E,海拔3816m（山顶相对高度为600m。瓦里关本底台是世界气象组织（WMO）全球大气观测系统（GAW）的22个全球基准站之一,是目前世界上唯一地处欧亚大陆腹地、大陆型的全球基准站;也是我国大气本底监测站网的核心指标站。瓦里关本底台已被中华人民共和国科学技术部列为国家重点野外科学观测试验站。 相似文献
8.
近50年南海热带气旋时空分布特征及其海洋影响因子 总被引：7，自引：9，他引：7
用中国气象局组织整编的《台风年鉴》资料和全球近表层简易海洋数据同化(SODA)资料,研究了近50年南海海域生成和经过的热带气旋位置点频数的时空分布特征及其海洋影响因子。结果表明,6～10月的热带气旋位置点频数表现出明显的地理分布集聚性特征,主要分布在南海15～22°N海域,并有明显的年代际变化特征。在1975年以前,海洋因子对南海海域生成和经过的热带气旋位置点频数的影响主要以La Nia和类La Nia事件为主,1975年之后以El Nio和类El Nio事件为主。 相似文献
9.
中国东部及邻近海域暖季降水系统的闪电、雷达反射率和微波特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用热带测雨卫星的测雨雷达、闪电成像仪和微波辐射计8个暖季的轨道观测资料,研究了中国东部及邻近海域不同类型降水系统的地理分布规律和日变化特征及其闪电活动、雷达回波顶高和微波亮温的特征,并进一步分析了闪电与雷达回波顶高、微波亮温和冰相降水含景之间的关系.结果表明,两个地区的降水系统绝大部分都是无冰散射系统(占85%以上),非中尺度冰散射系统占10%左右,中尺度冰散射系统仅占约1.5%.中国大陆东部降水系统的日变化特征明显,而东海地区日变化幅度很小.中国大陆东部和东海地区分别约有93%和97%的降水系统没有闪电记录,并且前者闪电发生概率高于后者.中尺度冰散射雷暴不但闪电频数最高,而且贡献了总闪电的一半以上.随着降水类型强度的增强,20 dBz最大高度明显增高,最小85 GHz和37 GHz极化修正亮温则逐渐降低.对于同样的20 dBz最大高度和最小85 GHz极化修正亮温,中国大陆东部降水系统发生闪电的概率均高于东海地区.降水系统尺度上的闪电频数与最小85 GHz极化修正亮温的关系在稳定性和相关性方面要好于其与20 dBz最大高度的关系,而闪电频数与7-11 km的总冰相降水含量之间的相关性又比其与最小85 GHz极化修正亮温有了较大的提高.进一步研究表明,单体尺度上的闪电频数和7-11 km总冰相降水含量之间也表现出了非常密切的关系,在两个研究地区的相关系数都超过了0.7. 相似文献
10.
山西省闪电活动时空特征及其与地形的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用山西省2008—2011年的ADTD闪电定位数据,对省内闪电活动时空特征及其与地形的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:不同年份的闪电活动区域差别明显。2008年和2011年省内闪电活跃系数>0.8,闪电活动频繁。山西省中、东部地区闪电最为活跃,最大闪电密度超过4.5次/(km2·年)。负地闪频数明显高于正地闪,但后者平均强度更大。雷暴的产生需要局地加热过程,所以闪电月集中分布在对流旺盛的夏季,日变化峰值集中在午后。受地形抬升机制的影响,在数值上闪电密度与海拔呈现明显的正向线性关系,相关系数达0.9。在空间中闪电活跃区域与海拔变化剧烈的地方一致。因此,闪电活动与海拔高度的相关性实质是海拔梯度对雷暴发展提供抬升动力的体现。 相似文献
11.
Based on LIS/OTD gridded lightning climatology data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS atmosphere monthly global products, we examined latitudinal and daily variations of lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas (i.e., the aggregate of open sea and offshore areas) for different seasons over the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent land areas at 65°N-50°S, 99°E-78°W, and analysed the relationships of lightning activity with CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). At any given latitude, the lightning density is the highest over land, followed by offshore areas, all marine areas and the open sea in sequence. The lightning density over land is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that over all marine areas. Lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas varies with season. The diurnal variation of lightning density over land has a single-peak pattern. Over the offshore area, open sea, and all marine areas, lightning densities have two maxima per day. The magnitude of the daily variation in mean lightning density is the largest over land and the smallest over the open sea. The lightning density over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas is significantly and positively correlated with CAPE. The correlation is the strongest over land and the weakest over the open sea. Cloud Base Height (CBH) may affect the efficiency of CAPE conversion to updraft. CAPE has a positive effect on lightning activity and has a greater impact on land than on the ocean. Over the sea, both CAPE and AOD can contribute to lightning activity, but the magnitudes of the influence of CAPE and AOD on lightning activity remain to be determined. Lightning activity over land and sea is a result of the combined action of AOD and CAPE. 相似文献
12.
《大气与海洋》2013,51(3):177-194
Abstract Flash density and occurrence features for more than 23.5 million cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning flashes detected by the Canadian Lightning Detection Network (CLDN) from 1999 to 2008 are analyzed on 20 × 20 km equal area squares over Canada. This study was done to update an analysis performed in 2002 with just three years of data. Flashes were detected throughout the year, and distinct geographic differences in flash density and lightning occurrence were observed. The shape and locations of large scale patterns of lightning occurrence remained almost the same, although some details were different. Flash density maxima occurred at the same locations as found previously: the Swan Hills and Foothills of Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba and southwestern Ontario. A region of greater lightning occurrence but relatively low flash density south of Nova Scotia occurred at the same location as reported previously. New areas of higher flash density occurred along the US border with northwestern Ontario and southern Quebec. These appear to be northward extensions of higher flash density seen in the previous study. The greatest average CG flash density was 2.8 flash km?2 y?1 in southwestern Ontario, where the greatest single‐year flash density (10.3 flash km?2 y?1) also occurred. Prominent flash density minima occurred east of the Continental Divide in Alberta and over the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario. Lightning activity is seen to be highly influenced by the length of the season, proximity to cold water bodies and elevation. The diurnal heating and cooling cycle exerted the main control over lightning occurrence over most land areas; however, storm translation and transient dynamic features complicated the time pattern of lightning production. A large portion of the southern Prairie Provinces experienced more than 50% of flashes between 22:30 and 10:30 local solar time. The duration of lightning over a 20 × 20 km square at most locations in Canada is 5–10 h y?1, although the duration exceeded 15 h y?1 over extreme southwestern Ontario. Lightning occurred on 15–30 days each year, on average, over most of the interior of the country. The greatest number of days with lightning in a single year was 47 in the Alberta foothills and 50 in southwestern Ontario. Beginning and ending dates of the lightning season show that the season length decreases from north to south; however, there are considerable east‐west differences between regions. The season is nearly year‐round in the Pacific coastal region, southern Nova Scotia, southern Newfoundland and offshore. 相似文献
13.
Abstract We have made a preliminary study of cloud‐to‐ground lightning over southern Ontario and the adjoining Great Lakes region. The lightning data set, using magnetic direction finding, is sufficiently accurate to study lightning climatology. Cloud‐to‐ground flash totals have been found for the three warm seasons 1989–91. A large variation in flash total, lightning‐day frequency and number of high flash density storms occurs over the area, with the maximum in southwestern Ontario. The area of the maximum also has a strong diurnal cycle and relatively few positive flashes. Several physical causes may contribute to this. Lake areas usually have slightly fewer flashes than nearby land areas and warm water usually has more flashes than cold water. The Great Lakes do produce more lightning than ocean areas. Convergence lines of lake breezes and other lake circulations can, however, be sites for storms with intense lightning. High surface temperature and moisture leads to an increase in lightning generation. Over land, upslope flow increases lightning‐producing storms and downslope flow decreases them. High flash density storms may be favoured by smooth rather than rough ground, and by open farmland rather than forest. On the other hand, there does not seem to be a clear urban effect increasing lightning in the Great Lakes 相似文献
14.
Climatology of lightning activity in South China and its relationships to precipitation and convective available potential energy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined lightning activity and its relationship to precipitation and convective available potential energy(CAPE) in South China during 2001–12, based on data from the Guangdong Lightning Location System, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite, and the ERA-Interim dataset. Two areas of high lightning density are identified: one over the Pearl River Delta, and the other to the north of Leizhou Peninsula. Large peak-current cloud-to-ground(LPCCG) lightning(75 kA) shows weaker land–offshore contrasts than total CG lightning, in which negative cloud-to-ground(NCG) lightning occurs more prominently than positive cloud-to-ground(PCG) lightning on land. While the frequency of total CG lightning shows a main peak in June and a second peak in August, the LPCCG lightning over land shows only a single peak in June.The ratio of positive LPCCG to total lightning is significantly greater during February–April than during other times of the year. Diurnally, CG lightning over land shows only one peak in the afternoon, whereas CG lightning offshore shows morning and afternoon peaks. The rain yield per flash is on the order of 10~7–10~8kg per flash across the analysis region, and its spatial distribution is opposite to that of lightning density. Our data show that lightning activity over land is more sensitive than that over offshore waters to CAPE. The relationships between lightning activity and both precipitation and CAPE are associated with convection activity in the analysis region. 相似文献
15.
The lightning activity and precipitation in two 3-hour time intervals in the grid boxes of 0.25 × 0.25° over East and Central Mediterranean during the summer of 2005 and 2006 are analysed. The results show that the frequency distribution of the precipitation amount is shifted towards larger values for the cases with lightning as compared with the cases without lightning. It was found that the number of cases with 3-hour accumulated rainfall greater than 10 mm was bigger when lightning occurred (65%) than when it was absent (35%). Investigation of diurnal and spatial distributions of lightning shows that the afternoon flash density peak is associated mainly with lightning over the land, which is in accordance with the results of earlier works. The early morning flash density peak is associated mainly with flashes over the sea. High correlation coefficients (0.89 during the morning hours and 0.98 during afternoon) were found between rain rate (mm/h) and average flash density (fl/km2) when flash density is averaged in logarithmic intervals of rain rate. 相似文献
16.
北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度雷暴的贡献 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用北京闪电定位网(BLNET,Beijing Lightning Network)和SAFIR3000(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interometrie Radioelectrique)定位网7年共423次雷暴的闪电资料,并按照雷暴产生闪电多少,同时参考雷达回波和雷暴持续时间,将雷暴划分为弱雷暴(≤1000次)、强雷暴(>1000次且≤10000次)和超强雷暴(>10000次),分析了北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度等级雷暴对闪电分布的贡献。北京总闪电密度最大值约为15.4 flashes km-2a(^-1),平均值约为1.9 flashes km^-2a(^-1),大于8 flashes km^-2a(^-1)的闪电密度高值区基本分布在海拔高度200 m等高线以下的平原地带。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴闪电总量贡献不同,弱雷暴(超强雷暴)次数多(少),产生的闪电少(多),超强雷暴和强雷暴产生的闪电分别占总雷暴闪电的37%和56%。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴的闪电密度高值中心分布和闪电日变化特征影响显著,昌平区东部、顺义区中东部和北京主城区是总雷暴闪电密度大于12 flashes km-2a(-1)的三个主要高值区中心,前两个高值中心受强雷暴影响大,而主城区高值中心主要受超强雷暴影响。总雷暴晚上频繁的闪电活动主要受超强雷暴和强雷暴影响,这两类雷暴晚上闪电活动活跃,分别占各自总闪电的69%和65%,而弱雷暴闪电活动白天陡增很快,对总雷暴午后的闪电活动影响大。另外,不同下垫面条件闪电日变化差异大,山区最强的闪电活动出现在白天,午后闪电活动增强很快,主峰值出现在北京时间18:00,而平原最强的闪电活动发生在晚上,平原(山麓)的主峰值比山区推迟了约1.5小时(1小时)。 相似文献
17.
2009—2012年中国闪电分布特征分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用全国雷电监测定位系统ADTD获取的2009年1月至2012年12月云地闪电资料,对我国闪电的时空分布特征进行统计分析。结果表明:地闪中负地闪占闪电总数的94%以上,正地闪占5%左右,我国闪电主要发生在5 9月,7、8月是闪电高发期,同雨带的推进有较好的对应关系。随着季风的推进,闪电从南向北,从东向西逐渐增多。闪电在夏季达最大,春秋季次之,冬季最小;闪电频次日变化主要呈单峰分布,全国闪电多发时段在16 17时,同强对流天气多发时段相对应。闪电总体分布南部比北部多,东部沿海比西部内陆多;闪电密度分布呈明显的地域性差异,其中华南地区、中东部地区以及四川盆地为我国闪电密度高值区;闪电白天主要发生在江浙以及广东沿海一带,夜间则主要发生在云贵、川渝内陆地区。午后至傍晚(14—20时)闪电最活跃,上午(08—14时)最不活跃。三个闪电高发区的闪电峰值所在月份不同,华南地区主要在6月,四川盆地主要在7月,而中东部地区则在8月出现最大值。春季闪电最活跃的区域是华南,这和该区域的前汛期降水密切相关。正负闪电强度主要集中在10~40kA,累计概率在60%以上的正、负地闪电强度分别小于60 kA和35 kA;累计概率在90%以上的正、负地闪强度分别小于140 kA和65 kA,闪电强度的低值区主要分布负闪,而正闪主要分布在闪电强度的大值区。 相似文献
18.
利用2009—2014年广州高建筑物雷电观测站的光学观测资料,结合雷声和电磁场变化波形,对广州塔（高度为600 m）西北部60°扇形区域3 km范围内的119次下行地闪分布特征进行统计分析,结果表明:43.7%（52/119）的地闪发生在区域内4个最高的建筑物上;除了直接击中广州塔的20次地闪（16.8%）,距离广州塔附近0~1 km的区域未观测到地闪,观测到的距广州塔最近的地闪离广州塔约1.2 km;距广州塔1~2 km的区域共观测到35次地闪（29.4%）,其中每个高度低于300 m的建筑物被击中的次数不超过1次;距离广州塔2~3 km区域共观测到64次地闪（53.8%）,其中有些高度低于300 m的建筑物被地闪击中1次以上,最多达5次。广州塔对附近区域下行地闪的吸引作用使其附近1 km左右范围内未观测到地闪,且1~3 km范围内随距离增加下行地闪密度（扣除击中其他高度不低于300 m的建筑物的地闪）有逐渐增加趋势,说明高建筑物对下行地闪的吸引作用随着距离的增加而逐渐减弱。 相似文献
19.
对2011年3次短历时强降水天气过程的闪电特征分析结果表明:①3次短时强降水都以负闪为主,负闪占总闪电的比例都在92﹪以上;②小时闪电频数峰值超前降雨峰值1h或同相;③5min闪电频数超前雨量峰值5~60min;④负闪电密集区主要发生在40dBZ以上的回波区,偶尔发生的正闪一般在较弱回波处;闪电大部分发生在回波顶高大于5km以上的区域;多分布在速度不均匀场附近;闪电密集区与VIL大值区对应关系不太好;⑤不同云体,闪电特征不尽相同,闪电频数高峰有的发生在强回波阶段,有的并不是回波最强阶段,而是减弱阶段。强回波前沿出现闪电密集区或前方无回波处发生闪电,预示未来强回波移动的方向;有的云体发展、成熟阶段闪电分布密集,负闪电主要集中在强回波中心附近,云体减弱阶段闪电分散,集中在单体的不同部位。 相似文献
20.
西藏高原闪电特性时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2009年6月至2011年5月西藏高原闪电监测系统的闪电监测资料,分析了高原闪电分布的时空特征,结果表明:高原的闪电平均强度为61.89 kA,负闪占闪电总数的78.2％,平均强度55.97 kA,正闪占21.8％,平均强度83.14 kA;雨季前的闪电中主要为正闪,正闪占73％;而雨季期间的闪电中,正闪仅占闪电总数的9％;闪电频次的日变化特征呈单峰型分布,主要集中在15:00-21:00这段午后至夜间的时段内,且在17:00达到峰值,与午后至夜间这段时间为强对流发生条件较好的时段相一致,03:00至12:00左右是高原闪电低发时段;闪电的高发地区为那曲地区中东部、昌都地区西部、日喀则地区东部及山南地区,其中负闪有两个强中心,分别位于那曲地区的嘉黎县和山南地区的朗卡子县,而在南部的错那县也为正闪强中心;闪电强度表现为冬季高、夏季低,各月的闪电平均强度均在50 kA以上;拟合出高原地区的总闪、正闪和负闪的雷电流强度累积概率方程,拟合率均达0.99以上. 相似文献