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1.
梅雨锋短时大暴雨的多尺度环境场分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、FY2E卫星TBB资料以及NCEP FNL再分析资料对2011年6月14日江西北部梅雨锋大暴雨的环境场进行分析。结果表明:(1)在极为有利的天气形势下,江南北部锋生以及低空急流对地形的强迫作用导致β中尺度系统强烈发展,是短时暴雨的触发机制。(2)稳定的环流背景下,500 hPa东亚大槽槽后冷平流与南方暖湿气流持续在江南北部对峙,是暴雨带稳定于赣北的原因。强的热力不稳定、较强的垂直风切变、低层充沛的水汽供应以及强烈的辐合抬升是短时暴雨产生的有利环境场。(3)多尺度系统的协同作用和稳定维持,使西南急流异常强盛。暴雨区上空强垂直上升运动、高空强辐散、低空强辐合与中尺度系统的发展互相耦合,导致梅雨锋上出现大暴雨。干冷空气与暖湿气流在地面至对流层中低层汇合,激发正涡度柱沿假相当位温锋区倾斜向上发展;强烈上升气流穿越锋区加大了层结的不稳定,激发大量不稳定能量释放,使暴雨具有强对流性。(4)不同性质气流在赣东北的交锋、边界层强辐合与喇叭口地形的相互作用是赣东北成为暴雨中心的原因。 相似文献
2.
强锋区结构的梅雨锋短时暴雨形成和维持机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《高原气象》2015,(4)
利用常规气象观测资料、FY-2E卫星TBB资料以及NCEP再分析资料对2011年6月14日江西北部短时大暴雨的形成和维持机制进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南亚高压、副热带高压、中纬度西风槽、季风、锋面气旋切变及其上的中尺度波动构成梅雨锋水平环流的多尺度结构,短时暴雨在对流层高层槽前的辐散抽吸较普通暴雨更明显。(2)此次暴雨过程具有梅雨锋结构的普遍特征,如在对流层中下层表现为强θse水平梯度形成的锋面,中低层正涡度柱、风和水汽的辐合带与梅雨锋对应,但同时又具有其特殊性,如短时暴雨锋面坡度小,锋区强度强,两侧存在明显的温度对比,锋区内水平风切变和垂直风切变显著。(3)边界层辐合、锋面和高空急流等抬升机制共同作用,促使湿对称不稳定能量释放,产生倾斜对流,区别于普通梅雨的垂直对流。(4)雨区上空强垂直上升运动、高空强辐散、低空强辐合与中尺度系统的发展互相耦合,深厚的正涡度柱沿锋区倾斜向上发展,是此次暴雨与其他短时暴雨在动力机制上的共性。但在低空此次暴雨比普通暴雨存在更明显的锋生,且动力条件较其他暴雨更强。(5)强盛低空急流的脉动和稳定维持使雨区存在有利的水汽输送机制,高低空水平距离的缩短有利于高低空急流的耦合,这与梅雨的普遍特征是一致的。 相似文献
3.
利用地面和高空、卫星TBB、多普勒雷达和GFS(0.5°×0.5°)逐6 h再分析等资料,对2011年6月10日江西省西北部一次短历时暖区暴雨中尺度结构及发生维持机制进行分析。结果表明:1)此次过程是在有利的高、低空系统配置下发生在梅雨锋南侧的暖区暴雨,边界层急流和低空急流提供了充足的水汽条件,增强低层热力不稳定;高空分流区使大气动力不稳定发展,高低空急流的耦合作用为MCS维持提供了必备的不稳定机制;中低层热力不稳定,中高层对称不稳定,形成此次对流性强降水。2)地面中尺度辐合线、非锋性斜压带、能量锋的抬升作用为MCS生成和发展提够了启动机制。3)低层强盛的水汽输送、层结不稳定和地面持续而强的中尺度抬升使得多个雷暴单体在江西省西北部连续传播,形成"列车效应",降水强而集中。4)在水汽和不稳定条件具备的情况下,暖区对流性强降水发生在强低层辐合与强高层辐散相重迭的区域。 相似文献
4.
1999年6月长江中下游梅雨暴雨的环流特征分析 总被引：7，自引：12，他引：7
利用客观分析资料和加强观测期资料,对1999年6月发生在我国长江流域的持续性梅雨期降水过程的大尺度环流特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)1999年梅雨期,我国长江中下游强降水带状分布非常明显,强降水主要发生在长江中下游地区,强降水带呈东西向分布,并且雨带的南北边界非常清楚。(2)在对流层低层,从孟加拉湾来的西风气流和西太平洋副热带高压前缘的东南气流在长江流域维持,为此次强暴雨过程产生和发展提供了有利的大尺度条件。高空急流和低空急流的存在和维持为此次梅雨锋暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的抬升机制,而对流层中低层的中性对流不稳定特征则为持续性暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的不稳定机制。(3)梅雨锋区对流层低层的水汽辐合非常明显,水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾和西太平洋,同时南海季风槽在向梅雨锋区输送水汽的过程中起到了非常重要的作用,它是热带海洋地区向我国内陆输送水汽的通道。(4)平均纬向风速u对流层高层出现了与高空西风急流与高空东风急流相对应的两个强风速核;径向平均风速v在400 hPa以下层次盛行南风,而在400 hPa以上的高层盛行北风;受两侧下沉气流的制约,梅雨锋降水带南北两侧存在位势不稳定层结中的不稳定能量无法释放,因此没有出现明显的降水。 相似文献
5.
一次暴雪天气的数值模拟及诊断分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用MM5中尺度数值模式对河南省2006年1月18-19日的暴雪天气过程进行了数值模拟,利用模式输出的时空分辨率较高的资料.对此次降雪的水汽条件、温度条件、不稳定条件、风场等进行了分析.结果表明:中低层水汽的辐合作用是暴雪天气发生的必不可少的条件;河南省上空逆温层的上界对应西南气流,下界对应东北气流,这种流场配置对降雪最有利;高低空急流的稳定维持使高低空急流产生两个独立的次级环流,在高空急流出口区,间接环流的北部形成辐合上升气流,十分有利于降水天气的发生发展;总螺旋度的变化对降雪的强度变化有一定的指示意义;对湿位涡这一物理量的分析发现,与暴雨过程中起主导地位的MPVl不同,MPV2在这次降雪过程中作用大于MPVl. 相似文献
6.
利用贵州国家观测站和区域自动站数据,结合NCEP再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图及多普勒雷达资料,对2020年6月23~24日在贵州南部地区发生的梅雨锋西段持续特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:（1）此次持续特大暴雨过程是在南亚高压控制、西太平洋副热带高压北界稳定维持在华南北部背景下,短波槽东传及中低层切变和梅雨锋共同影响的结果;（2）来自孟加拉湾的西南暖湿气流与副高西侧的偏南气流在贵州中东部到长江流域一带交汇,促使低空急流建立,为持续性暴雨天气提供充足的水汽输送;（3）高空辐散、中低层切变线南侧与低空急流北侧的正垂直螺旋度为中尺度涡旋迅速发展和水汽辐合抬升凝结提供了动力条件;（4）高原槽引导弱冷空气南下有利于梅雨锋锋生,午后至傍晚生成若干γ、β尺度的中尺度对流系统导致了此次降水过程的发生;（5）暴雨过程中存在明显“列车效应”,贵州南部受对流系统叠加影响形成较强降水。 相似文献
7.
利用美国NCEP再分析资料结合地面加密自动站、卫星、雷达等常规资料,对2006年7月3日苏北东部地区一次最强的梅雨锋大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,揭示了此次过程不同尺度系统的特征.结果表明:(1)此次过程是一次非典型的梅雨锋对流性暴雨,贝加尔湖稳定、强大的高压脊是引发大暴雨过程的大尺度背景条件.(2)高空槽、西南涡、低空急流以及地面气旋为大暴雨提供了强劲的动力和水汽条件.(3)α中尺度上,该暴雨系统的垂直结构为中低层强烈的辐合和上层的辐散,其中心有着强烈的上升气流;同时在中高层,系统的北侧有一个高空急流强迫产生的次级环流.地面多个中尺度涡旋的上升气流汇合成高低空急流耦合产生的次级环流的上升支,这种中尺度暴雨系统的三维结构为强暴雨的形成提供了持久必要的动力、水汽和不稳定性条件.(4)云图上对应一个MCS的发展演变,雷达上弓形回波对应的速度图上的"逆风区"和"中气旋"则是这次过程中局地短时强降水、龙卷的γ中尺度系统. 相似文献
8.
一次梅雨锋暴雨的中尺度对流系统及低层风场影响分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文利用常规气象观测资料,地面自动站加密观测资料和FY-2D、FY-2E卫星云图以及NCEP 1°×1°的FNL分析资料、EC 0.25°×0.25°的细网格模式数据等,对2015年6月15—18日梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统(MCS)活动特征、对流层低层风场对MCS发展的影响以及梅雨锋暴雨的垂直环流特征等进行了研究,结果表明:天气尺度梅雨锋上叠加的MCS的产生及向下游移动,以及其在安徽中部到江苏南部正涡度带作用下的发展增强,造成了江苏南部的局地强降水。强降水与中尺度低空急流核的位置吻合较好。在垂直方向上,高空急流入口区右侧与低空急流核左前方叠加,高低空急流耦合作用明显。在降水过程中,对流层低层具有较强的垂直风切变,有利于垂直涡度的增强和MCS的发展。对流层低层的垂直风切变也有利于不同源地的水汽在梅雨锋区汇集。梅雨锋北侧的干冷空气在对流层低(中)层以东北(西北)路径向锋区移动。南侧的暖湿气流沿西南路径移动、抬升,接近锋区后质点在上升过程中逐渐转向东移,在高空急流的抽吸作用下,快速向东流出,近地面层空气存在跨锋面环流。梅雨锋系统垂直方向上的次级环流是高层风场强烈辐散以及空气运动过程中质量补充和循环的结果。 相似文献
9.
江西“6·19”特大暴雨天气过程诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用NCEP逐6 h 1°×1°的grib再分析资料和常规气象观测等资料,对2010年6月19—20日江西地区特大暴雨天气过程的物理量演变及高低空急流配置进行了分析。结果表明,此次特大暴雨过程发生在副高与高空槽稳定维持的有利背景场环境下。暴雨落区上空强烈的垂直上升运动,持续的西南水汽输送和高低空急流配置,共同造成了此次大范围暴雨的发生和维持。在高空急流入口区右后侧、低空急流的前方造成正涡度辐合上升运动,暴雨出现在低空急流的左前方。气流的高层辐散与低层辐合的叠加,形成强烈的上升运动,为这次暴雨天气的产生提供了有利的环境条件,也是对流维持、持续的重要机制。湿位涡低层为负、高层为正,高、低值中心和密集带的演变显示了强对流系统暖湿气流与外界干冷空气的相互作用。 相似文献
10.
利用雷达、卫星、地面自动站和NCEP再分析资料,对2015年6月16日皖江东部地区的一次暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 暴雨过程是在贝加尔湖高压脊稳定维持,以及西太平洋副热带高压稳定少动、500 hPa高空槽东移、低层低涡切变维持和新生、高低空急流耦合、地面中尺度辐合系统稳定维持等十分有利的环流背景形势下产生的。2） 中低层的西南急流旺盛对暴雨过程有重要作用;K指数大值区、800—900 hPa高度内水汽辐合中心与强降水发生区域、时间都有很好的对应关系。高层强辐散中心有利于抽吸机制增强,平均散度的辐合层越厚,强降水越易发生。3） 暴雨产生于梅雨锋南侧湿中性层结。降水增强时,θse锋区增强,低层垂直涡度显著发展,600 hPa高度层以下正涡度增长一倍, 垂直涡度的耦合强迫是湿中性层结下中尺度强暴雨系统发展的动力机制。梅雨锋南侧存在经向垂直反环流,北侧为经向垂直正环流,两支次级环流上升支在暴雨区汇合加强,为大暴雨创造了有利的动力条件。4） 此次暴雨受沿江地区活跃的梅雨锋云带影响,TBB中心值小于-52 ℃的对流云团位于地面辐合线两侧,中尺度雨团位于TBB低值中心梯度区和地面辐合线上及其右侧东南气流中,冷空气南下后雨团位于辐合线北侧东北气流中。5） 发展旺盛、降水效率较高的多个对流单体依次向东移动经过皖江东部地区,形成“列车效应”,造成局地大暴雨。降水强度和西南暖湿气流的强度及持续时间密切相关。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献