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1.
青藏高原对流层顶高度与臭氧总量及上升运动的耦合关系 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
根据1979-2008年青藏高原地区14个探空站对流层项气压资料以及同期各标准等压面上的温度资料,分析了不同季节高原上空两类对流层顶高度与高空各层温度之间的关系;在此基础上,结合同期的NCEP／NCAR月平均再分析资料以及NASA提供的TOMS／SBUV月平均臭氧总量资料,分别讨论了高原上升运动以及高原臭氧总量与对流层顸高度的耦合关系。结果表明：高原第一（二）对流层顶高度全年处在300～200hPa（100hPa附近）高度,在季节变化、年际变化以及长期变化趋势上,两类对流层顸高度与各自对应高度层上的温度存在着密切的反相变化关系,当对流层顶高度偏高（低）时,相应高度上的温度偏低（高）。上升运动有助于两类对流层顶高度的抬升,尤其是当高空200（100）hPa附近有上升运动时,有利于第一（二）对流层项高度抬升。各季节高原臭氧总量与第二对流层顶高度均呈显著的负相关关系,当臭氧含量减少（增加）时,该对流层顶高度将偏高（偏低）,近年来伴随着高原臭氧总量的减少,高原第二对流层顸高度出现了明显的抬升。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原气温变化趋势与同纬度带其他地区的差异以及臭氧的可能作用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用台站探空观测资料和卫星观测资料,分析了1979—2002年青藏高原上空温度的变化趋势。结果表明:高原地区上空平流层低层和对流层上层的温度与对流层中低层具有反相变化趋势。平流层低层和对流层上层降温,温度出现降低趋势,降温幅度无论是年平均还是季节平均都比全球平均降温幅度更大。高原上空对流层中低层增温,温度显示出增加的趋势,并且比同纬度中国东部非高原地区有更强的增温趋势。对1979—2002年卫星臭氧资料的分析表明,青藏高原上空臭氧总量在每个季节都呈现出明显的下降趋势,并且比同纬度带其他地区下降得更快。由于青藏高原上空臭氧有更大幅度的减少,造成高原平流层对太阳紫外辐射吸收比其他地区更少,使进入对流层的辐射更多,从而导致高原上空平流层低层和对流层上层降温比其他地区更强,而对流层中低层增温更大。因此,高原上空比其他地区更大幅度的臭氧总量减少可能是造成青藏高原上空与同纬度其他地区温度变化趋势差异的一个重要原因。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原周边对流层顶的时空分布、热力成因及动力效应分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用多套、多种再分析资料的逐日气候平均场,通过对比分析,揭示了青藏高原周边区域对流层顶分布及其季节演变的独特特征,并分析了其热力成因以及气候学效应。结果表明,与同纬度的落矶山和太平洋地区相比,青藏高原及伊朗高原区域对流层顶高度的冬夏变化幅度更大。冬季副热带对流层顶断裂带（热带对流层顶与极地对流层顶之间高度剧烈变化的过渡带）位于青藏与伊朗两个高原上空,春季开始两个高原上空对流层顶抬升迅速,夏季最高可超过热带对流层顶的高度（超过100 hPa）,成为同纬度甚至全球对流层顶最高点。青藏与伊朗两个高原上空对流层顶的剧烈抬高,对应两个高原上空大气气柱比同纬度明显偏暖,同时伴随着青藏与伊朗两个高原上空位势涡度值的明显降低。因此,在青藏与伊朗两个高原区域,由春至夏等熵面强烈下凹,同时等位涡面剧烈抬升;夏季时等位涡面及对流层顶断裂带在青藏高原北部成近乎上下垂直分布,与南北倾斜分布的等位温面接近正交分布。这种特征与夏季同纬度其他地区相对平缓的对流层顶断裂带、等位涡面以及等熵面的经向分布形成强烈对比。进一步研究发现,青藏与伊朗两个高原上空由春至夏迅速发展的强大热源是引起上述对流层顶变化特征的主要原因。不同的是,青藏高原上空主要由发展强烈的对流凝结潜热所主导,而伊朗高原上空则主要由绝热下沉加热引起;此外,由春季至夏季,随着青藏高原地区对流层顶与等熵面剧烈相交分布的形成,南亚高压也逐步控制青藏高原上空,在南亚高压东缘盛行的偏北气流作用下,中高纬度平流层的高位涡空气得以在青藏高原东缘及东亚地区沿剧烈倾斜的等熵面被输送到较低纬度的对流层。与降水的季节演变对比可知,平流层高位涡输送的出现、加强和减弱与夏季降水的发展、加强与减弱成同步对应关系。从而证实了青藏高原影响夏季东亚地区形成独特气候格局的事实,说明在这种影响过程中,平流层-对流层动力相互作用过程不可忽视。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2016,(6)
利用NCEP/NCAR提供的1950—2015年对流层顶温度月平均资料及ECWMF提供的1979—2015年大气臭氧柱总量月平均资料,运用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF),对近66 a中国地区上空对流层顶温度的时空演变特征进行分析,并进一步探讨1979年后对流层顶温度与大气臭氧柱总量的关系。结果表明:(1)中国地区对流层顶温度随纬度升高而升高,呈现明显的纬向分布特征,近66 a对流层顶温度以-0.09℃·(10 a)~(-1)的速率下降。(2)春、冬季对流层顶温度EOF1均表现为南北反位相变化,夏、秋季均表现为全场同位相变化,这种春季与冬季、夏季与秋季主要模态较为一致的时空分布特征与大气臭氧柱总量的季节分布有很好的相关性;除夏季外,其余季节对流层顶温度EOF2表现为弱的南北两端与中部地区反位相变化特征。(3)对流层顶温度与大气臭氧柱总量之间呈显著负相关关系,相关系数为-0.724,大气臭氧柱总量由1990年代中期之前的显著损耗转变为之后的逐渐恢复,对应同期对流层顶温度表现为从偏高到偏低的转变。 相似文献
5.
1979-2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1979—2008年华北地区12个测站逐日对流层顶探空资料,运用统计学方法对该地区不同类别对流层顶发生及其高度的季节特征进行探讨,并采用线性趋势、小波分析和EOF分解等方法对其高度变化等气候特征进行分析,揭示了该地区对流层顶的季节特征及其高度变化的基本事实和规律。结果表明：华北地区第一对流层顶冬季出现多,夏季少,近30a来呈减少趋势,第二对流层顶夏季出现多,冬季少,近30a来呈增加趋势;全年均出现复合对流层顶,且在季节转换时期出现频率较高;第一对流层顶高度年变程呈双峰型,夏季高,冬季低,第二对流层顶高度年变程呈单谷型,冬季高,夏季低,春、秋季介于两者之间;两类对流层顶高度变化均存在5-6a的周期,第二对流层顶相比具有更多时间尺度周期变化。近30a间华北地区第一、第二对流层顶年平均高度变化均呈升高趋势,且与其上下层间平均温度有关。 相似文献
6.
基于1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐日再分析温度资料,依据温度递减率插值法计算出青藏高原及同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压数据,比较了高原和同纬度其他地区热带对流层顶气压季节变化和长期变化趋势,讨论了热带对流层顶气压与高空温度的关系。结果表明:1)在季节变化上,除12月和1月外,青藏高原热带对流层顶气压全年低于同纬度其他地区;青藏高原热带对流层顶气压、对流层中上层以及平流层下部平均温度均表现出比同纬度其他地区更明显的单峰型特征。2)热带对流层顶气压与高空温度变化关系密切,对流层中上层(平流层下部)平均温度升高(降低),有利于热带对流层顶气压降低;相对于同纬度其他地区,青藏高原对流层顶气压与对流层中上层平均温度的关系更密切。3)1979—2014年青藏高原和同纬度其他地区各季节的热带对流层顶气压均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,冬春季下降趋势更加显著;青藏高原各季节对流层中上层增温和平流层下部降温的幅度均超过同纬度其他地区,导致其热带对流层顶气压的下降趋势比同纬度其他地区更加明显。 相似文献
7.
青海省对流层顶若干统计特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
主要利用青海省7个探空站1970~2001年高空观测资料,运用统计学方法,对各站各类对流层顶的时空分布、季节变化和趋势等进行了分析,揭示了对流层顶的分布特征及其高度、温度变化的基本事实和规律。结果表明:由于不同类型对流层顶在各站的位置随着季节有明显的南北进退,因此,出现频率各异;两类对流层顶的高度不仅有明显的差异,而且还具有明显的季节性变化,极地类对流层顶高度在春季最高,夏季最低,而热带类对流层顶高度在夏季最高,秋季最低;最高对流层顶与低温相对应,最低对流层顶与高温相对应;热带类对流层顶年平均高度变化呈上升趋势,年平均温度变化呈下降趋势。这与近几年来,平流层内臭氧减少,温度降低,对流层高度抬升有关。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据青藏高原地区14个探空站近30 a（1979—2008年）的对流层顶逐日观测资料,分析了该地区上空热带对流层顶（第二对流层顶）和极地对流层顶（第一对流层顶）出现的频率及高度的季节变化特征。结果表明：（1）高原全年均可观测到第二对流层顶,其中在暖季（6—10月）第二对流层顶占绝对主导地位,而在其余月份则以复合对流层顶为主;（2）两类对流层顶高度在季节变化上存在着明显的差异,第一对流层顶高度在春秋（夏冬）季偏高（低）,第二对流层顶高度在春夏（秋冬）季偏高（低）,即第一（二）对流层顶高度的年变化曲线呈双（单）峰型;（3）两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,第一（二）对流层顶高度除秋季存在准3.6 a（6 a）的周期变化外,其余季节均具有4.5~6 a（2~4 a）的振荡周期;（4）近30 a来高原第一（二）对流层顶主要表现出下降（上升）的趋势,尤其是第二对流层顶高度在冬、春季存在着明显的上升趋势。 相似文献
9.
甘肃省对流层顶高度的季节变化特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据甘肃省8个探空站25年(1980—2004年)的对流层顶观测资料,分析了第一对流层顶和第二对流层顶高度的季节变化特征,结果表明:(1)全省各站全年各月均可观测到复合对流层顶,两类对流层顶存在着明显的季节差异,冬(夏)季以第一(二)对流层顶为主。(2)第一对流层顶的平均高度在春、秋(冬、夏)季相对较高(低),年变化曲线呈双峰型;第二对流层顶的平均高度在春、夏(秋、冬)季相对较高(低),年变化表现出单峰型。(3)两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的年际变化,除秋季外,各个季节第一(二)对流层顶普遍存在5～6 a(准3 a)的周期振荡。(4)近25年来甘肃省两类对流层顶主要以上升趋势为主,特别是在夏季两类对流层顶高度均存在明显的上升趋势。 相似文献
10.
利用TOMS大气臭氧总量格点资料分析了东北地区近6a(1996年8月—2002年7月)臭氧的分布特征、季节变化、变化趋势及其对气温变化的影响,并与1979—1992年的变化情况作了对比分析。结果表明:东北地区处于北半球大气臭氧高值中心的边缘,臭氧总量呈随纬度增加的分布形式,近6a区域年均值为361Du;冬春季总量较大、夏秋季较小,其中8月最小,3月最大;1979—1992年臭氧存在明显的下降趋势(冬季最为显著),下降趋势高纬大于低纬,近6a整个区域没有系统性下降趋势;1979—1992年对流层中下部显著变暖、对流层上层和平流层低层显著变冷,且变暖率与变冷率均随纬度增高而加大,而近6a气温变幅很小,这与臭氧变化趋势基本对应,表明臭氧的辐射加热是影响平流层低层、对流层高层温度场的重要因素,同时它对对流层低层气温的影响值得进一步关注。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献