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1.
江西冰雹天气期间的闪电活动特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用江西省2003--2008年冰雹天气发生时的闪电探测资料,通过统计分析地面降雹前后的闪电频数和强度等物理量,得到了对江西降雹过程中的闪电活动分布及其演变特征。结果显示,对于江西大部分地区的雷暴过程,回波强度≥40dBz时,就有可能产生闪电。冰雹发生前后的短时间内正闪频数普遍远小于负闪频数,而且多数情况下正负闪频数比增大时,相应的冰雹直径也增大,即正闪比例的变化与冰雹成长过程有较好的关联。正闪强度大都强于负闪。降雹后负闪频数会减小,而正闪频数会有所增大。总闪频数和正负闪比例的分布及变化特征可被用来估算地面降雹时间。强对流天气过程中,若正闪平均强度越强,则发生冰雹天气的可能性就越大。 相似文献
2.
利用闪电定位系统、多普勒雷达和加密自动站资料对辽宁一次冷涡天气中暴雨、冰雹过程的地闪变化特征进行分析。结果表明,暴雨和冰雹过程均出现了地闪密集区,冰雹过程中正地闪占总地闪比例高于暴雨过程;暴雨过程以负地闪为主,主要分布在45 dBz以上的强回波区内,和暴雨持续时间相当,负地闪最密集区位于风暴的核心部位。负地闪频数比强回波面积提前30至70分钟到达峰值,对于短时暴雨预报预警具有一定意义。冰雹过程中,负地闪集中在雹云前部,正地闪位于雹云核心部位,与降雹区一致,正、负地闪发生区域分离。正地闪提前降雹30分钟左右发生,总地闪、正地闪频数在降雹前明显增加;降雹出现在总地闪、正地闪频数和强回波面积达到峰值及从峰值迅速下降时间段内;雹云减弱消散阶段总地闪次数减少但正闪增加。 相似文献
3.
利用湖北省闪电定位系统监测资料与武汉市多普勒天气雷达资料同步叠加,对2010年4月12日湖北省东南部地区一次强对流过程的两个致灾雹暴单体进行分析。结果表明：雹暴生消的不同阶段,正地闪和负地闪频数及在雷达回波中的分布呈不同的变化特征,通过地闪频次和地闪在雷达回波中位置的变化可以识别雹暴生命史演变的不同阶段。雹暴Ⅰ产生小冰雹,是一个普通对流单体,闪电以负地闪为主,闪电频率最大为15次·（6 min）－1;正地闪落在风暴发展和消亡阶段,负地闪主要落在35—55 dBz强回波边缘,零星正地闪分布在强回波周围层状云中,雹暴移动路径前侧的负地闪对雹暴移动有一定的指示意义。雹暴Ⅱ是一个典型超级单体,产生直径超过3 cm的大冰雹,闪电频率最大为44次·（6 min）－1,风暴成熟阶段正地闪活跃,16—17时正地闪频繁出现时间与大冰雹持续时间一致;负地闪与25—55 dBz强回波区域吻合较好,正地闪分布在强回波30—55 dBz中心及层状云边缘。对比地闪频数和雹暴成熟阶段的回波强度可以发现,降雹均出现在风暴的成熟阶段,小冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较小,大冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较大,且正地闪比例明显增大。 相似文献
4.
河南省强雷暴地闪活动与雷达回波的关系探析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用ADTD雷电定位显示监测系统资料和郑州714CD多普勒雷达回波资料,对河南省2004--2006年8次雷雨大风伴局地冰雹和强暴雨两类强雷暴天气的地闪和雷达回波的特征及关系进行了分析,从观测事实出发,分析了河南8次强雷暴地闪活动与雷达回波的关系。结果表明:大风冰雹类回波强度为50～60 dBz,暴雨回波强度一般为40～55 dBz。暴雨地闪频数明显多于大风冰雹类;大风冰雹类天气以正闪为主,正闪比例在50%以上,暴雨正闪比例在6%以下;最大正、负闪强度可以出现在强雷暴过程的开始、持续、结束时段。块状单体回波出现或出现前,地闪已经出现,移动过程中的强回波带,少量地闪出现在强回波移动方向的前方20～30 km内,此地闪能很好地预示强回波未来移动方向;对于暴雨类天气,地闪不能很好预示降水的开始,地闪频数的增加预示强暴雨进入持续阶段,地闪减弱比暴雨回波减弱有明显的提前量。雷雨大风冰雹和暴雨持续阶段其正闪密集区和负闪密集区都同40 dBz的强回波区有很好的对应关系。雷雨大风持续阶段地闪数频数突增,整个时段地闪频次具有单峰特征;暴雨整个时段地闪频次具有双峰或多峰值特点以及高频数地闪持续性特点;1小时地闪频数强暴雨远大于雷雨大风冰雹类。暴雨类0℃、-10℃、-20℃层高度及云顶高度一般高于大风冰雹类,△H_(-10～0℃),△H_(-20～0℃),△H_((?)～0℃)三层高度差也大于大风冰雹类。 相似文献
5.
应用地面闪电定位系统、多普勒雷达、加密自动雨量站资料,对2007年7月8～9日蒙古东部冷涡天气系统下,发生在河北中南部的两次雹暴过程进行了分析.结果表明:两次雹暴均产生大量地闪活动,且以负地闪占优势,闪电集中发生时段与强对流发生及维持时间相当.雹暴和强降水在时空分布上对应的地闪极性有明显差异,降雹发生在雹暴云团中正地闪最活跃的阶段,正地闪集中出现在强回波中心及其邻近区域,降雹点落在正地闪聚集区附近;对流性强降水云团中负地闪频繁发生,强降水区出现在负地闪密度高值中心附近,负地闪簇集区域预示着对流性强降雨的落区.多单体风暴中:闪电的频率及聚集区域主要取决于雷暴单体的数目、强度和相互接近的程度,其造成的强降雹主要发生在总地闪的活跃期.本次个例分析显示,总闪电频数跃增、正闪频数突增,仅先于降雹数分钟(几乎同时)发生.因此,根据闪电频数变化可监测对流强度的演变和冰雹天气的发生. 相似文献
6.
一次全省性强雷暴天气的地闪特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
2009年6月26日浙江出现全省范围的雷暴天气,此次过程中出现的地闪频数是自2006年闪电定位系统建立以来出现最多的一次。利用闪电定位实测资料、加密雨量站雨量实况以及多普勒天气雷达产品,对这一过程的地闪特征进行了分析。结果表明:此次地闪以负地闪为主,负地闪广泛分布于25～55dBz雷电回波区域内,而正闪多出现在25～35dBz回波中;地闪多出现在回波发展和前进的一侧,且密集分布在回波的梯度最大处,强回波中心处地闪较少出现;在回波开始减弱到中心强度为35dBz左右的区域没有地闪发生。地闪频数与全省过程累积降水量有很好的相关性,地闪的出现及其频数的增加意味着影响某地的强对流风暴正在发展或正向本地移来,对于单站来说雨强峰值滞后于地闪频数峰值半个小时以上,对于全省累积降水量则提前1～2h。因此地闪资料可以作为强对流天气的短时强降水预报的预警依据。 相似文献
7.
云南一次秋季雷暴过程的闪电特征及形成条件分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR资料、雷达回波、卫星云图和闪电定位系统等新一代探测资料对2010年9月21-23日的云南雷暴过程进行了分析.结果表明,西移的热带低压“凡亚比”为这次雷暴云团发展提供了热带偏东风辐合及低层暖(300～302 K)、中层湿(相对湿度≥80％)等有利环流背景条件.中尺度雷暴云团负闪电占主导地位,发展阶段云顶亮温下降,均为负闪电,负闪电频数高达1 245次·(30min)-1;从成熟阶段到消散阶段,云顶亮温逐渐上升,负闪电逐渐减少,有少量的正闪电出现并逐渐增加.另外,雷暴云团结构和闪电空间分布不均匀,具有前部为主对流区而后部为云砧或高云的结构特征,云顶亮温前部较后部低且梯度大.密集负闪电主要出现在云顶亮温≤-60℃附近和前部大的云顶亮温梯度区,稀疏正闪电分散在密集负闪电后部和云团中部.多普勒天气雷达显示,雷暴云团前部云区表现为具有不均匀结构的中尺度带状回波,后部云区属于无回波区;密集负闪电主要出现在带状回波上强度≥40 dBz和顶高≥10 km的强回波区内及中尺度不均匀风场附近,且回波强度越强、顶高越高,负闪电越密集;发展后期稀疏的正闪电分散在强回波的后部边缘或者后部弱的对流回波和层状云回波上. 相似文献
8.
滇中地区冰雹的多普勒天气雷达及闪电活动特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用雷达数据和云南省闪电定位系统数据,对滇中地区2006~2011年6次典型降雹过程中的雷达回波和闪电特征进行综合分析,结果表明:滇中冰雹回波的基本反射率因子具有典型的冰雹回波特征,如弓形回波、三体散射、旁瓣回波、有界(无界)弱回波区、"V"型槽口以及钩状回波等。地面降雹区基本出现在雹暴反射率因子强度梯度较大的区域,也就是负地闪密集活跃区或者临近区域。闪电密集区的移动可作为预测冰雹回波移动路径的一个指标。降雹时段是负地闪的活跃期,正地闪出现频率极少,这与我国北方地区冰雹出现时高正地闪频数特征存在明显不同。负地闪每5 min频数峰值的出现时间略超前地面降雹时间5~12 min,可作为滇中出现冰雹的一个参考指标。闪电频数的时空分布和变化特征,对于滇中地区冰雹天气的监测、I临近预警以及防雹作业指挥有一定的参考作用。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP再分析资料、雷达、卫星资料以及闪电定位资料对2019年7月27日呼和浩特市一次强雷暴天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明：此次雷暴过程主要受贝加尔湖低压中心和蒙古高原高空槽东移影响；雷暴发生前，K指数和CAPE等不稳定参数均超过阈值，大气层结呈现上干冷下暖湿的不稳定形势，并且垂直方向上低空辐合、高空辐散的结构与强烈的上升气流相配合，为雷暴天气的发生提供了有利条件；在整个雷暴过程中负地闪占主导地位，但雷暴的不同发展阶段地闪分布不同，在雷暴发展及成熟阶段，负地闪数明显多于正地闪数，而在雷暴消散阶段，正地闪数大幅增加，甚至超过负地闪；闪电多分布于强回波区域，但闪电频数最高的地方不一定与强回波中心相对应；地闪的落区主要位于云顶温度低于240 K的区域，对应的云顶相态为冰相和混合相。 相似文献
10.
山东地区冰雹云的闪电活动特征 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
利用山东电力部门提供的雷电定位资料,对10次冰雹过程的地闪活动特征进行了分析。通过分析发现,雹暴中正地闪占总地闪的比例平均为57.39％,远高于当地正地闪比例的气候特征值13.48％。地面降雹区基本出现在正地闪密集（活跃）区或邻近区域。在雹云快速发展阶段,地闪频数存在明显的“跃增”;在减弱消散阶段,地闪频数显著减少,但正地闪比例有所提高。负地闪频数峰值的出现通常提前于降雹0～20 min,正地闪频数峰值的出现一般滞后于降雹发生时间。整个降雹阶段对应于正地闪的活跃阶段。另外,结合对卫星观测的总闪电资料分析,发现冰雹云的云闪与地闪的比值远高于一般的雷雨过程,其云闪密度也远高于雷雨过程。以上这些特征对于冰雹的识别和对冰雹的超短时预报具有指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献