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1.
基于2005年4～10月盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤不同土层土壤碱解氮及溶解性有机碳的观测资料,分析了盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤碱解氮与溶解性有机碳(DOC)的季节动态。结果表明:不同土层碱解氮、溶解性有机碳的季节动态并不相同。0～10 cm土层碱解氮与DOC季节动态相似,6月土壤碱解氮与DOC含量均最高,分别为244.86 mg/kg和13.16 mg/L。8月碱解氮含量最低,为139.18 mg/kg;9月DOC含量最低。10～20 cm土层DOC的季节性动态变化与表土具有相似性,峰值均出现在6月,谷值出现在9月;10～20 cm土层碱解氮最低值出现在6月,与0～10 cm土层不同。20～30 cm土层内,4～7月DOC几乎无变化,8月DOC含量最低,9月增加;4～5月碱解氮波动较大,5月降到102 mg/kg,6月增加到151 mg/kg。研究表明,盘锦湿地芦苇群落土壤微生物活性与凋落物分解对DOC及碱解氮的季节动态有很大的影响,同时温度、降水量及冻融也影响着DOC及碱解氮的季节动态。  相似文献   

2.
利用陶瓷头土壤溶液收集器采集2006年7月～2007年8月问长白山阔叶红松天然林不同深度(15cm和60 cm)土壤溶液,探讨应用气液萃取平衡-气相色谱法测定森林土壤溶液中溶解性气体N_2O和CO_2浓度的可行性,并利用此方法研究林地不同深度土壤溶液中两种气体含量特征及其影响机理.研究结果显示观测期内林地15 cm和60 cm深度土壤溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度的变化范围分别为5.26～10.71μg·mL~(-1)(C)和3.13～6.16 μg·mL~(-1)(C),溶解性N_2O浓度的变化范围分别为2.44～13.40 ng·mL~(-1)(N)和3.23～27.98 ng·mL~(-1)(N).阔叶红松天然林土壤溶液中溶解性CO_2和N_2O浓度均呈现出明显的季节性变化.春融后的降水促进了土壤溶液中溶解性N_2O产生,尤其在60 cm深度.与60 cm深度相比,林地15 cm深度溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度的季节性变化更明显,尤其在植物生长旺季.逐步回归分析显示,水溶性有机碳含量可以解释林地不同深度溶液中溶解性CO_2浓度变化的29%;水溶性有机氮含量可以解释林地60 cm深度溶解性N_2O浓度变化的34%.因此,水溶性有机碳和有机氮分别是长白山阔叶红松林土壤溶液溶解性CO_2和N_2O形成的重要因子.同时研究结果表明本文实验方法对于测定林地不同深度土壤溶液中溶解性N_2O和CO_2含量均有较好的适用性,连续三次萃取后所获得的气体浓度可有效反映溶液中的实际气体浓度.  相似文献   

3.
冻融循环是影响土壤碳氮生物地球化学过程较为重要的因素。在全球变化背景下,冻融作用对冻土区土壤碳库稳定性及其关键生物地球化学过程影响研究是当前国际热点,尤其是冻融作用影响下多年冻土区泥炭地土壤有机碳矿化研究目前仍未明确。选取我国大兴安岭多年冻土区泥炭地表层（0~15 cm）和深层（15~30 cm）土壤,采用冻融试验及室内培养方法,探索分析了冻融作用影响下泥炭地土壤有机碳矿化特征,并从土壤活性碳和土壤酶活性角度阐述了影响机制。结果表明在短期的培养中,土壤有机碳矿化量在483~2836 mg/kg间波动,而冻融循环均显著降低了表层和深层土壤有机碳矿化量,并且对深层土壤有机碳的矿化抑制作用更为明显,高达76%。值得注意的是,冻融循环却明显促进了CH4的排放,尤其是表层土壤,高达145%。冻融循环作用也显著增加了土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量,但却降低了土壤微生物量碳（MBC）以及土壤纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活性。冻融作用下低的土壤酶活性以及相对低质量碳是抑制土壤有机碳矿化的原因。全球变暖背景下,与单纯温度增加所导致的土壤有机碳矿化释放量相比,冻融循环作用能降低大兴安岭泥炭地活动层中土壤有机碳在短期内碳的释放。  相似文献   

4.
简评碳气溶胶观测研究中的不确定性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
大气碳气溶胶具有重要的气候效应,但其观测研究中的不确定性还很大。作者对目前应用较广泛的气溶胶有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)采样观测和分析方法(包括光学法、热学法、热光学法及光学和热学实时在线观测方法)进行了评述。石英滤膜采集和实验室热光学分析方法应用较多,但在升温程序设置、OC/EC的划分和裂解碳校正方面还存在问题,而且需要准确评价样品采集过程中有机气体吸附和滤膜上已采集颗粒物挥发导致的采样偏差。光学和热学在线观测方法有助于避免采样和后期处理过程对颗粒物性质的改变,有利于反映颗粒物在大气中的初始特性,但此类方法尚需改进。对二次有机碳(SOC)的估算,采用将源直接排放的OC进一步划分为燃烧源排放和非燃烧源排放的方案可能更为准确。关于有机物质质量(OM)的估算,尚需开展相关研究以确定适合我国不同环境气溶胶特点的OM/OC估算因子。我国科学家应在碳气溶胶观测方法的改进和完善中做出应有的贡献,努力建立适合我国气溶胶特点的碳气溶胶观测方案和规范。  相似文献   

5.
气候变化与松嫩流域黑土退化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
松嫩流域是世界三大黑土带中国境内主要部分,黑土的开发利用和保护越来越受到关注.本文通过利用气候要素计算土壤有机碳含量的方法分析了松嫩流域黑土地有机碳含量的分布状况和近 50a来气候变化可能引起碳含量的减少.认为松嫩流域土壤有机碳含量的分布有很好的规律,呈自西南向东、向北减少的梯度变化.这种分布与松嫩流域长期以来形成的气候状况有关,即湿润地区优越于亚干旱地区;由于近 50a来的气候变化导致了土壤中有机碳的含量下降,西南部亚干旱地区减少的最多.因此可以得出近 50a的气候变化也是松嫩流域黑土退化的原因之一.  相似文献   

6.
美国佐治亚大学的海洋科学家发现温度影响微生物的生物活动,降解海洋沉积物中的有机碳。因此,全球增暖可能会破坏有机碳平衡,这些有机碳或参与大气的循环,或埋藏在海洋沉积物中作为碳源存在。佐治亚大学的海洋学家Samantha Joye和Nathaniel Weston研究指出,直到目前为止,人们对  相似文献   

7.
2010年长江三角洲临安本底站PM2.5理化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
2010年在代表长三角区域背景地区的浙江省临安区域大气本底站开展了对大气细粒子PM2.5为期1年的地面观测,并对细粒子中水溶性离子和碳组分的季节变化特征进行了分析。临安2010年大气中PM2.5质量浓度平均为 (58.2±50.8) μg·m－3,PM2.5质量浓度季节变化明显。利用HYSPLIT4模式计算了2010年临安72 h后向轨迹,根据轨迹计算与聚类结果,结合地面观测的PM2.5数据进行了分析。研究表明:临安地区因受到长江三角洲区域及偏北气流引起的污染传输影响,呈现出高细粒子水平特征。PM2.5中总水溶性离子年平均质量浓度为 (28.5±17.7) μg·m－3,占PM2.5质量浓度的47%。其中,气溶胶组分SO42-,NO3-和NH4+所占比例最大,共占总水溶性离子的69%。PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的年平均质量浓度分别为 (10.1±6.7) μg·m－3和 (2.4±1.8) μg·m－3。有机碳和元素碳质量浓度显著相关,表明有机碳和元素碳主要来自相同的排放源。  相似文献   

8.
中国有机碳气溶胶时空分布与辐射强迫的模拟研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
利用区域气候模式RegCM3模拟研究2000年我国有机碳气溶胶的时空分布特征和辐射效应,得出以下结论:有机碳气溶胶主要分布在我国黄河以南、青藏高原以东的广大区域,且柱含量由南向北递减;柱含量最大值可达3 mg/m2以上,出现在华南、中南、云贵、四川和西藏东南部。另外,柱含量分布有着明显的季节性,冬季最大,春季次之,夏季最小。在此基础上,本文还对有机碳气溶胶的柱含量时空分布变化的原因进行了分析。有机碳气溶胶在大气顶和地表均产生负的辐射强迫,其分布特征与柱含量分布特征基本一致,而且大气顶和地表的辐射强迫都具有明显的季节变化。模拟的大气顶辐射强迫在-0.1～-0.5 W/m2之间,与IPCC估计的有机碳气溶胶的辐射强迫数值-0.41 W/m2相当,说明区域气候模式RegCM3中有关有机碳气溶胶的参数化方案是比较合理的。  相似文献   

9.
在加强海洋强国建设、实现我国碳达峰和碳中和愿景目标背景下准确掌握南海碳通量时空变化格局具有重要的现实意义。根据2009—2018年10 a有机碳通量月度数据集,分析了南海真光层底颗粒有机碳通量变化特征。结果表明:(1)南海区域多年真光层底有机碳输出通量年平均值为55.40 mgC·m-2·d-1;其值大小在空间上的分布存在近岸＞陆架＞海盆的趋势。(2)从季节上看,南海真光层底颗粒有机碳输出通量冬季最高,春、秋季次之,夏季最小;真光层底颗粒有机碳输出通量1、4、7、10月平均值分别为82.43、47.37、46.34、54.75 mgC·m-2·d-1。研究结果可为全面掌握南海碳循环过程和机制提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

10.
中国湿地土壤碳库保护与气候变化问题   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
 中国湿地分布广, 类型丰富, 但存在着垦殖率高、碳密度较低、围垦损失严重等问题。估计我国湿地土壤碳库达8～10 Pg, 占全国陆地土壤总有机碳库的约1/10～1/8, 过去50 a间的损失可能达1.5 Pg。围垦和过度放牧是我国湿地土壤退化和碳库损失的主要驱动因子。目前,湿地土壤碳库保护面临严峻的挑战,从应对气候变化和保护人类生存环境的战略高度切实加强湿地资源保护,可以为增强陆地生态系统碳汇、探寻温室气体减排的潜在途径提供技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
Most Precambrian Shield forested catchments have some wetland component. Even small riparian wetlands are important modifiers of stream chemistry. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most important products exported by wetlands in streams. Stratigraphic control of hydraulic conductivity generally leads to decreasing conductivity with depth. Thus important flowpaths occur in the uppermost organic rich layers and are reflected in chemical profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Accumulation of DOC in peat porewaters is the net effect of production, consumption and transport. DOC profiles vary with degree of interaction with the surrounding upland catchment and distance from the edge of the wetland as well as internal processes within the wetland. In wetlands, DOM production is offset by flushing resulting in decreasing DOC concentrations with increasing flows. Despite old carbon (2,000 to 3,000 years) at relatively shallow depths, 14C activity in DOC exported from wetlands is mostly modern (recent carbon), consistent with shallow flowpaths and export of DOM from shallow organic rich horizons. In contrast, the source area for DOM in upland catchments with developed B horizon soils increases with antecedent soil moisture conditions resulting in increasing DOC concentrations with higher stream flows. Activity of 14C in stream DOC from upland catchments span a range from low activities (older carbon) similar to B horizon soil water during dry moisture conditions to values slightly less than modern (more recent carbon) during high moisture conditions. The more modern carbon activities reflect the increased contribution of the organic rich litter and A horizon soil layers in the area immediately bordering the stream under wet antecedent moisture conditions. Reduced hydrologic export or loss of wetlands under drier climatic conditions may result in in larger fluctuations in stream DOC concentrations and reduced DOM loads to lakes.  相似文献   

12.
徐星凯 《大气科学进展》2009,26(6):1253-1261
Soil acidification via acid precipitation is recognized to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems, which is in part associated with the function of ethylene released from the soil. However, the impacts of acidification on the cycling of ethylene in forest soils have not been fully taken into consideration in global change studies. Forest topsoils (0--5 cm) under four temperate forest stands were sampled to study the effects of a pH change on the emissions of ethylene and carbon dioxide from the soils and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released into the soils. Increasing acidification or alkalinization of forest soils could increase concentrations of DOC released into the soils under anoxic and oxic conditions. The ethylene emission from these forest topsoils could significantly increase with a decreasing pH, when the soils were acidified experimentally to a pH<4.0, and it increased with an increasing concentration of DOC released into the soils, which was different from the carbon dioxide emission from the soils. Hence, the short-term stimulating responses of ethylene emission to a decreasing pH in such forest soils resulted from the increase in the DOC concentration due to acidification rather than carbon mineralization. The results would promote one to study the effects of soil acidification on the cycling of ethylene under different forest stands, particularly under degraded forest stands with heavy acid depositions.  相似文献   

13.
Northern peatlands play an important role globally in the cycling of C, through the exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere, the emission of CH4, the production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the storage of C. Under 2 × CO2 GCM scenarios, most Canadian peatlands will be exposed to increases in mean annual temperature ranging between 2 and 6° C and increases in mean annual precipitation of 0 to 15 %, with the most pronounced changes occurring during the winter. The increase in CO2 uptake by plants, through warmer temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2, is likely to be offset by increased soil respiration rates in response to warmer soils and lowered water tables. CH4 emissions are likely to decrease in most peatlands because of lowered water tables, except where the peat surface adjusts to fluctuating water tables, and in permafrost, where the collapse of dry plateau and palsa will lead to increase CH4 emission. There likely will be little change in DOC production, but DOC export to water bodies will decrease as runoff decreases. The storage of C in peatlands is sensitive to all C cycle components and is difficult to predict. The challenge is to develop quantitative models capable of making these predictions for different peatlands. We present some qualitative responses, with levels of uncertainty. There will be, however, as much variation in response to climatic change within a peatland as there will be among peatland regions.  相似文献   

14.
有机碳氮是影响陆地生态系统的重要因子,保持并提高土壤碳氮储量,是稳定生态系统生产力的关键.以南京紫金山土壤为研究对象,依照海拔高度进行采样,对比分析了土壤有机碳氮的变化规律.研究结果表明:紫金山土壤有机碳氮受地表植被的影响比较大,混交林>林地>草地,土壤有机碳氮总量随海拔的升高呈现上升趋势,土壤碳氮比高达34~45,且随海拔升高呈下降趋势.相关分析表明,紫金山土壤有机碳与全氮质量分数呈显著正相关关系,由此说明氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在于有机质中.  相似文献   

15.
Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols including CC （carbonate carbon）, OC （organic carbon）, and EC （elemental carbon） were investigated at Xi＇an, China, near Asian dust source regions in spring 2002. OC varied between 8.2 and 63.7μgm^- 3, while EC ranged between 2.4 and 17.2 μ m^-3 during the observation period. OC variations followed a similar pattern to EC and the correlation coefficient between OC and EC is 0.89 （n=31）. The average percentage of total carbon （TC, sum of CC, OC, and EC） in PM2.5 during dust storm （DS） events was 13.6%, which is lower than that during non-dust storm （NDS） periods （22.7%）. CC, OC, and EC accounted for 12.9%, 70.7%, and 16.4% of TC during DS events, respectively. The average ratio of OC/EC was 5.0 in DS events and 3.3 in NDS periods. The OC-EC correlation （R^2=0.76, n=6） was good in DS events, while it was stronger （R^2=0.90, n=25） in NDS periods. The percentage of watersoluble OC （WSOC） in TC accounted for 15.7%, and varied between 13.3% and 22.3% during DS events. The distribution of eight carbon fractions indicated that local emissions such as motor vehicle exhaust were the dominant contributors to carbonaceous particles. During DS events, soil dust dominated the chemical composition, contributing 69% to the PM2.5 mass, followed by organic matter （12.8%）, sulfate （4%）, EC （2.2%）, and chloride （1.6%）. Consequently, CC was mainly entrained by Asian dust. However, even in the atmosphere near Asian dust source regions, OC and EC in atmospheric dust were controlled by local emission rather titan the transport of Asian dust.  相似文献   

16.
Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
Organic matter significantly alters a soil’s thermal and hydraulic properties but is not typically included in land-surface schemes used in global climate models. This omission has consequences for ground thermal and moisture regimes, particularly in the high-latitudes where soil carbon content is generally high. Global soil carbon data is used to build a geographically distributed, profiled soil carbon density dataset for the Community Land Model (CLM). CLM parameterizations for soil thermal and hydraulic properties are modified to accommodate both mineral and organic soil matter. Offline simulations including organic soil are characterized by cooler annual mean soil temperatures (up to ∼2.5°C cooler for regions of high soil carbon content). Cooling is strong in summer due to modulation of early and mid-summer soil heat flux. Winter temperatures are slightly warmer as organic soils do not cool as efficiently during fall and winter. High porosity and hydraulic conductivity of organic soil leads to a wetter soil column but with comparatively low surface layer saturation levels and correspondingly low soil evaporation. When CLM is coupled to the Community Atmosphere Model, the reduced latent heat flux drives deeper boundary layers, associated reductions in low cloud fraction, and warmer summer air temperatures in the Arctic. Lastly, the insulative properties of organic soil reduce interannual soil temperature variability, but only marginally. This result suggests that, although the mean soil temperature cooling will delay the simulated date at which frozen soil begins to thaw, organic matter may provide only limited insulation from surface warming.  相似文献   

17.
湿地是人类生存和发展的重要环境之一,然而城镇化在带动经济发展的同时也严重影响了湿地生态系统。本文利用城乡梯度研究方法结合湿地分布特征,设置从沈阳城市中心到城市边缘的研究样带,沿着城镇密集区（浑河）—郊区（蒲河）—乡村（卧龙湖,仙子湖）梯度带选取典型湖泊和河流湿地样地为研究对象,系统分析城镇化对湿地水体碳氮磷含量的影响。研究发现湿地水体碳氮磷含量与城乡梯度具有相关性,总碳（TC）和可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量及SUVA280值沿城镇密集区—郊区—乡村梯度带逐渐增加,即远离市中心的乡村卧龙湖湿地最高,分别为（120.68±2.34）mg/L,（41.56±6.27）mg/L和（0.35±0.10）L/(mg·m),显著高于位于四环以外乡村仙子湖湿地、流经沈阳市四环蒲河和穿越三环浑河湿地水体。湿地水体氮磷含量总体上沿着城乡梯度带呈降低趋势,但蒲河湿地水体总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量最高,分别为（5.35±0.19）mg/L和（1.45±0.07）mg/L,显著高于位于城镇密集区的浑河湿地水体。城镇化作用总体上增加了湿地水体铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量,其中,横穿城镇密集区的浑河湿地水体NH4+-N含量最高,为（1.28±0.14）mg/L;NO3--N含量则是位于郊区的蒲河湿地水体最高,为(1.42±0.15) mg/L。研究结果表明城镇化改变了湿地生态系统水体碳氮磷含量,使水体DOC含量降低,小分子化合物增多,不利于DOC在水体中的累积;同时由于人类活动的加剧也使氮磷排放增加,使水体氮磷超标,导致流经城镇密集区部分的浑河和蒲河湿地NH4+-N和NO3--N含量高于乡村。未来随着城镇化的不断发展,应严加控制和合理规划,防止城镇化导致的湿地水体污染和生态系统的破坏。  相似文献   

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