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1.
利用北京上甸子区域大气本底站2004年观测的分粒径大气气溶胶资料,分析了气溶胶中有机碳 (OC) 及元素碳 (EC) 的质量浓度水平、季节变化、尺度分布特征、OC与EC比值及其相关性。结果显示:上甸子站总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP) 中OC平均质量浓度为7.5~31.5 μg·m-3,EC质量浓度为1.4~6.6 μg·m-3;PM2.1(粒径小于2.1 μm) 中OC质量浓度为4.0~19.1 μg·m-3,EC质量浓度大约为0.8~4.3 μg·m-3。冬季OC及EC质量浓度明显高于其他季节,其中冬、夏、秋季OC及EC峰值粒径出现为0.65~2.1 μm,但在春季峰值粒径移至2.1~4.7 μm。观测期间,OC与EC质量浓度比值平均为4~6,该比值略高于文献报道的我国一些城市地区的观测结果。 相似文献
2.
Carbonaceous materials in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols from urban and coastal-rural areas at the Western European Coast 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Regina M.B.O. Duarte Cludia L. Mieiro Ana Penetra Casimiro A. Pio Armando C. Duarte 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):253-ICNAA07
A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol. 相似文献
3.
Characteristics of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 in the Spring Period at Tongyu in the Semi-arid Region of Northeast China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9±274.4 μg m^-3 during the observation period. Nine dust events were monitored with a mean concentration of 528.0±302.7 μgm^-3. The PM2.5 level during non- dust storm （NDS） period was 111.65±63.37 μg m^-3. High mass concentration shows that fine-size particles pollution was very serious in the semi-arid area in Northeast China. The enrichment factor values for crust elements during the dust storm （DS） period are close to those in the NDS period, while the enrichment factor values for pollution elements during the NDS period are much higher than those in the DS period, showing these elements were from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of dust elements to Fe were relative constant during the DS period. The Ca/Fe ratio in dust aerosols at Tongyu is remarkably different from that observed in other source regions and downwind regions. Meteorological analysis shows that dust events at Tongyu are usually associated with dry, low pressure and high wind speed weather conditions. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongyu, and the northwest direction pathway was the main transport route. 相似文献
4.
The UNMIX and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor models were used to investigate sources of PM2.5 aerosols measured between March 2001 and February 2002 in Gwangju, Korea. Measurements of PM2.5 particles were used for the analysis of carbonaceous species (organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) using the thermal manganese dioxide oxidation (TMO) method, the investigation of seven ionic species using ion chromatography (IC), and the analysis of twenty-four metal species using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES)/ICP-Mass Spectrometry (MS). According to annual average PM2.5 source apportionment results obtained from CMB calculations, diesel vehicle exhaust was the major contributor, accounting for 33.4% of the measured PM2.5 mass (21.5 μg m− 3), followed by secondary sulfate (14.6%), meat cooking (11.7%), secondary organic carbon (8.9%), secondary nitrate (7.6%), urban dust (5.5%), Asian dust (4.4%), biomass burning (2.8%), sea salt (2.7%), residual oil combustion (2.6%), gasoline vehicle exhaust (1.9%), automobile lead (0.5%), and components of unknown sources (3.4%). Seven PM2.5 sources including diesel vehicles (29.6%), secondary sulfate (17.4%), biomass burning (14.7%), secondary nitrate (12.6%), gasoline vehicles (12.4%), secondary organic carbon (5.8%) and Asian dust (1.9%) were identified from the UNMIX analysis. The annual average source apportionment results from the two models are compared and the reasons for differences are qualitatively discussed for better understanding of PM2.5 sources.Additionally, the impact of air mass pathways on the PM2.5 mass was evaluated using air mass trajectories calculated with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory model. Source contributions to PM2.5 collected during the four air mass patterns and two event periods were calculated with the CMB model and analyzed. Results of source apportionment revealed that the contribution of diesel traffic exhaust (47.0%) in stagnant conditions (S) was much higher than the average contribution of diesel vehicle exhaust (33.4%) during the sampling period. During Asian dust (AD) periods when the air mass passed over the Korean peninsula, Asian dust and secondary organic carbon accounted for 25.2 and 23.0% of the PM2.5 mass, respectively, whereas Asian dust contributed only 10.8% to the PM2.5 mass during the AD event when the air mass passed over the Yellow Sea. The contribution of biomass burning to the PM2.5 mass during the biomass burning (BB) event equaled 63.8%. 相似文献
5.
沙尘传输路径上气溶胶浓度与干沉降通量的粒径分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2002年春季中国北京、青岛和日本福冈3个地区的分级气溶胶浓度资料,结合改进的Wil-liams模型,分析了沙尘传输路径上空气动力学直径≤11μm气溶胶(PM11)浓度和干沉降通量的粒径分布特征,并估算了黄海海域春季PM11的干沉降通量及不同粒径气溶胶的贡献。结果表明:3个地区PM11浓度粒径分布在非沙尘时期呈双峰分布,两个峰值分别出现在细颗粒(<2.1μm)部分和粗颗粒(2.1～11μm)部分;沙尘时期,3个地区PM11浓度粒径分布均趋于单峰分布,峰值位于粗颗粒部分,并且越靠近沙尘源地,这种趋势越明显。较强沙尘天气时期,粗颗粒部分的浓度峰值粒径从沙尘源地附近到黄海西岸、东岸呈降低趋势,但在一般沙尘天气时期,这种现象并不明显。沙尘时期和非沙尘时期,3个地区粗颗粒的干沉降通量均随粒径增加而增大,细颗粒的干沉降通量随粒径的变化不明显。虽然沙尘时期粗颗粒沉降通量较非沙尘时期有明显增加,但粗颗粒对PM11干沉降通量的贡献与非沙尘时期相比,并没有明显的变化。较强沙尘天气时期,3个地区粗颗粒的干沉降通量明显高于一般沙尘天气时期;细颗粒的干沉降通量较一般沙尘天气时期略有增加。黄海海域春季沙尘时期PM11的干沉降通量约为31.70～58.59mg.m-2.d-1,非沙尘时期约为8.33～15.94mg.m-2.d-1。粗颗粒是黄海海域春季PM11干沉降通量的主要贡献者,约占PM11干沉降通量的94.2%以上。 相似文献
6.
2005年12月—2006年2月在太原市区持续观测了气溶胶细粒子PM2.5, 并应用Sunset碳分析仪进行了有机碳 (organic carbon, OC) 和元素碳 (elemental carbon, EC) 的测定。结果表明:太原冬季PM2.5, OC和EC浓度均较高, 其中PM2.5日平均浓度变化范围为25.4~419.0 μg/m3, 日平均浓度为193.4±102.3 μg/m3, OC平均浓度为28.9±14.8 μg/m3, EC平均浓度为4.8±2.2 μg/m3, OC/EC平均比值是7.0±3.9, 即太原市冬季PM2.5和碳气溶胶污染严重。OC在PM 2.5中占18.6%, EC占2.9%, 这表明碳气溶胶是太原大气细粒子污染控制的关键组分。在太原市冬季, 采暖燃烧的煤是OC和EC的主要贡献源, 造成OC大大高于EC, 从而使OC/EC比值增大。各种气象条件对PM2.5, OC, EC和OC/EC比值的变化都有不同程度的影响, 特别是大雾天气、相对湿度、风速和降雪是影响碳气溶胶浓度变化的重要因素。 相似文献
7.
为研究华北平原区域背景气溶胶成分及其变化特征,2010年6月至2011年7月在泰山顶采集了64个PM10滤膜样品,分析了样品的PM10及其中无机盐离子和有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）的质量浓度,并对各成分相关性等进行了分析。泰山PM10年均质量浓度约为68.4 mg/m3,其中无机盐离子约占总质量的64.8%,碳气溶胶约占17.4%。无机盐离子的质量浓度从春季逐渐增大,夏季达到峰值,秋季下降,冬季最小;OC质量浓度从春季至秋季逐渐增高,冬季最低,EC变化类似,但夏秋两季差别不大。二次有机碳（SOC）与OC的比值四季均在50%以上,年均值约为58.5%。通过后向轨迹聚类分析发现,在经过城市的较短轨迹以及南方较短混合轨迹的影响下,泰山PM10质量浓度较高,而西北长距离传输气团PM10浓度均较低。 相似文献
8.
The present paper reports chemistry and fluxes of dust-carbon mixed coarse particles. For the purpose of this study, different carbonaceous fractions i.e. organic carbon ((OC), elemental carbon (EC) and carbonate carbon (CC) of atmospheric dust and their respective local soils were quantified at three sites of National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi viz. Jawaharlal Nehru University campus (JNU), Connaught Place (CP) and Vishali area of Ghaziabad (GB). It has been observed that the OC and EC levels were approximately five to nine times higher in urban atmospheric dust than their corresponding soils, whereas CC levels were about three times higher than the corresponding soils. Average dustfall fluxes were significantly different at all the sites due to their different land-use patterns. At urban background site (JNU), the dust flux was lowest (172 mg/m2/day) followed by CP, a commercial site, (192 mg/m2/day) and GB, an industrial/residential area, (302 mg/m2/day). Similar to the dustfall pattern, the mean values of OC, EC and CC deposition fluxes were also observed to be lowest at JNU (9.2, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/m2/day, respectively) as compared to CP (12.2, 1.2 and 1.3 mg/m2/day, respectively) and GB sites (11.1, 1.1 and 1.4 mg/m2/day, respectively). Interestingly, unlike fine mode, different correlation pattern of OC and EC in coarse mode dust aerosols at three sites has suggested their independent deposition processes and source contribution. Fluxes of major water soluble inorganic ions (Na+, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F?, Cl?, NO3 ? and SO4 2?) were also determined. Ca2+, Cl? and SO4 2? were found to be the major ionic species of water soluble fraction of the urban dust at all the sites. These interactions are corroborated by the morphology of the mixed aerosols. High levels of measured chemical species and their spatial distribution revealed close correspondence with the local emissions from transport, industries, biomass burning, road dust and construction activities etc. 相似文献
9.
《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):253-263
A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol. 相似文献
10.
Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5 samples in Shanghai, China 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Yanli Feng Yingjun Chen Hui Guo Guorui Zhi Shengchun Xiong Jun Li Guoying Sheng Jiamo Fu 《Atmospheric Research》2009,92(4):434-442
Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city in China, and its air quality has been deteriorating for several decades. However, there are scarce researches on the level and seasonal variation of fine particle (PM2.5) as well as the carbonaceous fractions when compared with other cities in China and around the world. In the present paper, abundance and seasonal characteristics of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were studied at urban and suburban sites in Shanghai during four season-representative months in 2005–2006 year. PM2.5 samples were collected with high-vol samplers and analyzed for OC and EC using thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) protocol. Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 90.3–95.5 μg/m3 at both sites, while OC and EC were 14.7–17.4 μg/m3 and 2.8–3.0 μg/m3, respectively, with the OC/EC ratios of 5.0–5.6. The carbonaceous levels ranked by the order of Beijing > Guangzhou > Shanghai > Hong Kong. The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 30% of the PM2.5 mass. On seasonal average, the highest OC and EC levels occurred during fall, and they were higher than the values in summer by a factor of 2. Strong correlations (r = 0.79–0.93) between OC and EC were found in the four seasons. Average level of secondary organic carbon (SOC) was 5.7–7.2 μg/m3, accounting for 30% of the total OC. Strong seasonal variation was observed for SOC with the highest value during fall, which was about two times the annual average. 相似文献
11.
Mass Concentration and Mineralogical Characteristics Aerosol Particles Collected at Dunhuang During ACE-Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m-3 and 307 μg m-3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m-3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μg m-3 on average in the springtime.The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz,feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust. 相似文献
12.
沙尘天气是造成我国北方春季区域性沙尘型重污染的主要原因,然而目前对此研究并不多见。因此,本文利用中国环保网2014年1月1日-2016年12月31日内蒙古11个城市环境监测站的颗粒物浓度的逐日和逐时资料,首先分析近3年该地区颗粒物污染浓度的年变化特征,然后对比这3年沙尘天气发生的次数及时段,探究颗粒物污染的年变化特征及其与沙尘天气之关系。统计结果表明,近3年春季内蒙古沙尘天气的发生次数是逐年增加的,中西部是沙尘天气频发区,与之相对应,西部颗粒物浓度的年变化高于东部,且造成内蒙古主要城市PM10浓度春季出现全年的最高值,表明沙尘天气频繁发生对当地粗颗粒物污染有显著的影响。对比内蒙古全年3个时间段的PM10浓度值,其排序是：春季沙尘期间＞春季非沙尘期间＞其他季节;即春季沙尘期间PM10浓度比非沙尘期间高69%,比其他季节高101%。有所不同的是,3个时间段平均PM2.5浓度排序则为：春季沙尘期间＞其他季节＞春季非沙尘期间;春季沙尘期间PM2.5的平均浓度比其他季节高16%,比春季非沙尘期间高29%;可见,春季沙尘天气对相关城市PM10浓度的影响明显大于对PM2.5浓度的影响。最后对内蒙古地区典型沙尘暴和扬沙个例进行细致研究, 发现沙尘暴个例中PM10浓度的增加倍数在2.3~15.1之间,而扬沙过程PM10浓度的增加倍数在0.8~5.6之间,两者相比可看出,沙尘暴过程对颗粒物污染的影响显著大于扬沙过程。 相似文献
13.
S. K. Sharma T. K. Mandal A. K. De N. C. Deb Srishti Jain Mohit Saxena S. Pal A. K. Choudhuri Saraswati 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2018,75(2):219-233
Ambient concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water soluble inorganic ionic components (WSIC) of PM10 were studied at Giridih, Jharkhand, a sub-urban site near the Indo Gangatic Plain (IGP) of India during two consecutive winter seasons (November 2011–February 2012 and November 2012–February 2013). The abundance of carbonaceous and water soluble inorganic species of PM10 was recorded at the study site of Giridih. During winter 2011–12, the average concentrations of PM10, OC, EC and WSIC were 180.2?±?46.4; 37.2?±?6.2; 15.2?±?5.4 and 18.0?±?5.1 μg m?3, respectively. Similar concentrations of PM10, OC, EC and WSIC were also recorded during winter 2012–13. In the present case, a positive linear trend is observed between OC and EC at sampling site of Giridih indicates the coal burning, as well as dispersed coal powder and vehicular emissions may be the source of carbonaceous aerosols. The principal components analysis (PCA) also identifies the contribution of coal burning? +?soil dust, vehicular emissions?+?biomass burning and seconday aerosol to PM10 mass concentration at the study site. Backward trajectoy and potential source contributing function (PSCF) analysis indicated that the aerosols being transported to Giridih from upwind IGP (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) and surrounding region. 相似文献
14.
为了得到沙尘粒子和沙尘质量浓度的实时定量特征,利用Grimm180粒子仪在塔克拉玛干沙漠对沙尘暴进行了实时观测。通过分析Grimm180粒子仪在2018年5月20日和24日两次沙尘暴过程观测的数据得到:在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴期间,PM2.5的质量浓度值随时间变化不大,一般PM2.5浓度值<1500μg·m-3,而PM10在不同阶段的变化比较明显,数值在2000~6000μg·m-3。沙尘粒子谱和沙尘质量浓度谱的分布形状在浮尘、扬沙和沙尘暴基本相同,当粒子直径>0.35μm时,粒子数浓度随直径的增大近似符合M-P分布。从浮尘到扬沙再到沙尘暴,小粒子区(D≤1μm)的占比越来越小,而中粒子区(1μm10μm)的粒子数越来越多并且占比越来越大。当粒子直径为0.35μm左右时,粒子数浓度达到最大值;当粒子直径在25~32μm时,沙尘质量浓度的值最大。在浮尘和扬沙阶段,PM2.5/PM10>25%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数大约是4×105,最大沙尘质量浓度<20μg·L-1。在沙尘暴阶段,PM2.5/PM10<15%;每分钟1 L体积内的沙尘粒子总数>5×105,最大沙尘质量浓度>25μg·L-1。这些结论为准确地分析沙尘暴的定量特征提供了科学依据。 相似文献
15.
在青藏高原东南部帕隆藏布源头海洋性冰川区,对冰川编目的4号冰川（PLZ-4）实施冰芯钻取,获得总长度为29 m的冰芯。对冰芯中元素碳（EC）、不溶性有机碳（WIOC）和可溶性离子（Cl-,NO3-,SO42-,Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+）的含量进行实验分析,结果显示：1998-2005年上述组分在该冰芯中的含量均呈现持续增长的趋势;冰芯中EC含量及EC/WIOC比值表现出非季风季节高、季风季节低的显著特征,揭示了该地区冰川中记录的碳质气溶胶浓度与南亚棕色云之间的密切联系。同时指出,在季风前的4-5月,沉降于雪冰中平均含量＞10 ng/g的EC所引起的雪冰表面反照率降低以及冰川消融等气候环境效应不容忽视。 相似文献
16.
利用2011年能见度、相对湿度、风速逐时观测资料和11月16日至12月13日期间颗粒物膜采样数据,分析天津市大气能见度与PM2.5组分的关系。结果表明：天津颗粒物质量浓度与能见度变化总体呈负相关,PM2.5和相对湿度对能见度的影响作用明显。能见度与颗粒物中TC质量浓度变化呈负相关,SO42-,NO3-,OC和EC是影响大气能见度的主要组分,其中SO42-浓度对能见度影响最大,其次为OC浓度、EC浓度,NO3-浓度对能见度的影响相对较小。后向轨迹和混合层高度分析表明,气象条件是造成PM2.5质量浓度分布差异的重要原因。 相似文献
17.
Characterization and Temporal Variation of Asian Dust Aerosol from a Site in the Northern Chinese Deserts 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
X. Y. Zhang S. L. Gong R. Arimoto Z. X. Shen F. M. Mei D. Wang Y. Cheng 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(3):241-257
Time series for total aerosol mass and the concentrations of nineteen elements, and the mass particle-size distributions of the elements, were determined for samples collected from a site in the northern deserts of China -Zhenbeitai, one of ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). Nine dust storm (DS) events were observed during the spring of 2001, lasting a combined total of twenty-six days. Peak mass loadings greatly exceeded the average (260 g m–3), and higher than average dust-element concentrations and wind speeds were also observed during the three-month study. Material balance calculations showed that 82% mass of the total aerosol particles could be ascribed to Asian dust, of which Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Si and Ti accounted for 7%, 6%, 4%, 2%, 0.1%, 32% and 1% by weight, respectively. Modelcalculated dry deposition velocities for 7 dust-elements during dust storm periods averaged 17 cm s–1 and ranged from 14 to 21 cm s–1. The estimated dry depositiona of Asian dust for the spring of 2001 was 189 g m–2, of which 85% was due to dust storms. Factor analysis indicated that 89% of the dust loading during this period was due to remote or regional transport; 11% to local or background dust. 相似文献
18.
Sharma Sudhir Kumar Banoo Rubiya Mandal Tuhin Kumar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2021,78(4):251-270
In this study we present the seasonal chemical characteristics and potential sources of PM10 at an urban location of Delhi, India during 2010?2019. The concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, F, Cl, Br, P, S, K, As, Na, Mg, Ca, B, Ni, Mo, V, Sr, Zr and Rb) in PM10 were estimated to explore their possible sources. The annual average concentration (2010–2019) of PM10 was computed as 227?±?97 µg m?3 with a range of 34?734 µg m?3. The total carbonaceous aerosols in PM10 was accounted for 22.5% of PM10 mass concentration, whereas elements contribution to PM10 was estimated to be 17% of PM10. The statistical analysis of OC vs. EC and OC vs. WSOC of PM10 reveals their common sources (biomass burning and/or fossil fuel combustion) during all the seasons. Enrichment factors (EFs) of the elements and the relationship of Al with other crustal metals (Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) of PM10 indicates the abundance of mineral dust over Delhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted the five major sources [industrial emission (IE), biomass burning?+?fossil fuel combustion (BB?+?FFC), soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE) and sodium and magnesium salts (SMS)] of PM10 in Delhi, India. Back trajectory and cluster analysis of airmass parcel indicate that the pollutants approaching to Delhi are mainly from Pakistan, IGP region, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
相似文献19.
Chemical Composition of Summertime PM2.5 and Its Relationship to Aerosol Optical Properties in Guangzhou, China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Urban aerosols have a large effect on the deterioration of air quality and the degradation of atmospheric visibility.Characterization of the chemical composition of PM 2.5 and in situ measurements of the optical properties of aerosols were conducted in July 2008 at an urban site in Guangzhou,Southern China.The mean PM 2.5 concentration for the entire period was 53.7±23.2 μg m 3.The mean PM 2.5 concentration (82.7±25.4 μg m 3) on hazy days was roughly two times higher than that on clear days (38.8±8.7 μg m 3).The total water-soluble ion species and the total average carbon accounted for 47.9%±4.3% and 35.2%±4.5%,respectively,of the major components of PM 2.5.The increase of secondary and carbonaceous aerosols,in particular ammonium sulfate,played an important role in the formation of haze pollution.The mean absorption and scattering coefficients and the single scattering albedo over the whole period were 53±20 M m 1,226±111 M m 1,and 0.80±0.04,respectively.PM 2.5 had a high linear correlation with the aerosol extinction coefficient,elemental carbon (EC) was correlated with aerosol absorption,and organic carbon (OC) and SO 4 2 were tightly linked to aerosol scattering. 相似文献
20.
广州冬季大气消光系数的贡献因子研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
2008年1月1～31日和2月6～24日在广州城区每天采集一个PM2.5样品,对样品进行有机碳、元素碳及水溶性离子分析,利用美国IMPROVE能见度方程计算得到广州冬季大气消光系数.结果发现:冬季PM2.5 日均值质量浓度为89.0±53.4/μg·m~(-3),OC(Organics Carban)质量浓度为16.9±11.9μg·m~(-3),EC(Element Carbon)质量浓度为5.9±3.4 μg·m～(-3),水溶性离子总浓度为43.9±23.5μg·m~(-3).冬季大气消光系数均值为342±185 Mm~(-1).广州冬季大气消光系数主要贡献者为(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4NO_3、POM(Par-ticular organic matter)、EC和NO_2,对消光系数的贡献率分别为36.3%、14.5%、26.6%、17.4%和5.2%. 相似文献