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1.
沈阳大气气溶胶光学特性及其影响因子 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2010年3—10月沈阳大气成分监测站CE－318太阳光度计观测资料,计算沈阳大气气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数等大气光学特性参数,结合地面气象观测资料,分析大气气溶胶光学特性及其影响因子。结果表明：沈阳气溶胶光学厚度在3—6月较高,8月较低,9—10月气溶胶光学厚度略有增加;除4月和8月外,气溶胶光学厚度与风速基本呈反相关;气溶胶光学厚度与可吸入颗粒物（particulate matter,PM）质量浓度变化趋势基本一致;气溶胶光学厚度日平均值距平的绝对值、改变率均与降水强度成正比;地面能见度与气溶胶光学厚度呈负相关。由气溶胶浑浊度系数计算的能见度在4—6月与实际观测的能见度基本吻合,由气溶胶标高计算的水平能见度整体小于实际观测的水平能见度。 相似文献
2.
利用FY-3A陆上气溶胶日产品,结合ENVI遥感影像软件和ArcGIS地理信息软件的相关模块,处理和分析了贵州省2009年冬季大气气溶胶光学厚度,并由此计算出Angstrom浑浊度系数和波长指数。分析表明:贵州省2009年冬季整层大气气溶胶光学厚度在0.55μm波段内的旬变化幅度为0.28~0.53μm,并呈现出波动性的发展趋势,特别是2010年1月下旬—2月下旬有显著增加,较大值在整个冬季都相对集中于贵州省的中部、西南部以及北部地区;在污染物浓度变化中,细粒子浓度变化因素占主导地位;与冬季的前期相比,后期气溶胶光学厚度较大,细粒子比重有所增加,浑浊度稍微偏高,造成空气轻微污染。 相似文献
3.
兰州冬季气溶胶光学特性的参数化 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
兰州冬季气溶胶的谱分布用双谱模式拟合，即Junge谱加Deirmendjian谱；气溶胶的平均折射率为1.549-0.1i；气溶胶浓度随高度的分布根据天气条件取为高斯、均匀、指数分布三种类型。以此为基础，计算出兰州冬季气溶胶光学厚度的平均值。 经实测的气溶胶光学厚度与本文的计算值比较后发现，我们的参数化方案基本上是成功的。 相似文献
4.
贺兰山地区大气气溶胶光学特征研究 总被引：24，自引：9，他引：24
利用M－120型太阳光度表的观测资料并结合有关资料，分析了贺兰山地区大气气溶胶的光学特征，并对在各类天气条件下，大气气溶胶光学厚度以及Angstrom浑浊度系数和波长指数的变化规律进行了讨论。利用实测地面大气气溶胶粒子谱资料，探讨了大气气溶胶粒子数浓度与Angstrom浑浊系数β之间的关系以及大气气溶胶粒子几可平均尺度与波长指数α之间的相关关系。 相似文献
5.
基于飞机和MODIS观测的华北地区气溶胶标高分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究华北地区的气溶胶分布情况,利用2012—2014年飞机观测资料和MODIS卫星资料,对石家庄等地的气溶胶标高进行了分析。结果表明:(1)与飞机观测资料对比后认为可以利用MODIS光学厚度和常规能见度资料计算气溶胶标高;(2)华北地区春夏季气溶胶标高一般大于秋冬季;6个主要城市中,位于平原地区的城市气溶胶标高较低,西北山区城市标高较高;(3)在不进行飞行探测,仅使用地面资料和卫星资料,通过计算得到气溶胶垂直分布是可行的,尤其是在对流层中层的结果比底层更可信;(4)分别使用观测资料与拟合数据计算光学厚度,分析其误差后,确认在计算光学厚度的过程中可以使用气溶胶数密度指数递减假设。 相似文献
6.
兰州冬季的大气浑浊度 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
1980年12月,我们用太阳光度表在兰州市的地面和625米高度处进行了同步测量大气浑浊度的观测。本文利用两个点的观测资料计算了厚度为625米的低层大气的浑浊度。主要结果是:(1)兰州冬季浑浊度高,12月份埃斯川姆浑浊度系数的平均值为0.44。73％的气溶胶粒子集中在低层大气。(2)低层大气和上层大气的浑浊度系数有不同的日变化规律。(3)低层大气和上层大气气溶胶粒子的大小相同。(4)浮尘天气具有浑浊度系数高和波长指数低的特征。(5)谷地内夜间是浑浊物的净积累期,白天是净消散期,夜间的积累常大于白天的消散,使大气浑浊度总是保持着较高的水平。(6)主要浑浊物源是人造源——煤烟。山谷地势和逆温是影响兰州大气浑浊度的两个突出的自然因素。 相似文献
7.
兰州冬季气溶胶光学特性的参数比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
兰州冬季气溶胶的谱分布双谱模式拟合，即Ｊｕｎｇｅ谱加Ｄｅｉｍｅｎｄｊｉａｎ谱；气溶胶的平均折射率为１．５４９－０．１ｉ；气溶胶浓度随高度的分布根据天气条件取为高斯、均匀、指数分布三种类型以此为基础，计算出兰州冬季气溶胶光学厚度的平均值。 相似文献
8.
上海地区大气气溶胶光学特性的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
上海是东亚重要的沿海城市之一,其上空大气气溶胶光学特性的研究对了解上海及我国东部沿海地区的环境和气候影响等方面都具有重要性,至今尚无这方面的实际观测分析。本工作利用2000年6月到2002年12月之间测得的上海地区太阳直接辐照度数据,分析之后得出大气气溶胶光学厚度值,并统计分析了大气气溶胶光学厚度的季节变化及其与地面能见度的关系,最后给出了气溶胶消光谱。通过上述工作,发现上海地区大气气溶胶光学厚度具有夏季最大,春季次之,冬季最小的相对稳定的特点。此外,地面能见度及其倒数作为一个相对容易获得的参数,与大气气溶胶的光学厚度具有较好的相关性,可以考虑将其倒数作为一个约束气溶胶光学厚度分布的物理参数,这对今后的观测和研究都具有一定的实际意义。 相似文献
9.
华东三市能见度、气溶胶和太阳辐射变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用南京、杭州和合肥3个台站1961-2001年能见度和水汽压资料,反演3个城市0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),并据此分析了这3个城市的能见度和气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征;利用太阳辐射资料分析太阳辐射变化特征,并与气溶胶光学厚度变化特征作对比.结果表明,在1961-2001年间,这3个城市的能见度呈现明显下降的趋势,南京和杭州下降最快,合肥下降较慢,并且具有明显的季节性差异,夏季最大,冬季最小.气溶胶光学厚度则呈现上升趋势,增加最快的是南京,最慢的是合肥.按季节划分来看,春夏较高,秋冬较低.1990年之前,这3个地区的总辐射和直接辐射都呈现明显的下降趋势,散射辐射的变化趋势不显著,而1990年后,南京与合肥的总辐射略有回升.辐射季节总量按由多到少依次是夏季、春季、秋季和冬季.气溶胶光学厚度与直接辐射间有较好的负相关性. 相似文献
10.
北京地区气溶胶光学厚度中长期变化特征 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
利用1977～1985年北京地区太阳直接辐射谱资料，分析获得了气溶胶光学厚度谱特性，使用PIS光谱仪从1993年3月到1995年3月，持续观测了北京地区晴天和少云天气的太阳直射光谱。得到了至今较为长期系统的城市大气气溶胶光学性能及特征。研究表明:（1）气溶胶光学厚度有春夏季大，秋冬季小的统计规律；（2）能见度分级后，同一能见度下气溶胶光学厚度各季节之间的差别大为减小，地面能见度对整层光学厚度表现出了较强的约束作用，文中给出了统计关系；（3）气溶胶光学厚度有逐年增高的趋势，1977年至1994年间增长了约三分之二。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献