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利用NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1°×1°格点资料和MICAPS实时观测资料,使用水汽散度垂直通量、湿螺旋度等新型诊断物理量,对2009年8月2~4日发生在重庆地区由西南低涡东移引发的暴雨做了综合分析。结果表明:水汽主要在大气低层850hPa附近积聚,上升运动强,水汽的辐合上升区域与降水大值区较吻合。500hPa湿z-螺旋度负值区水平分布与相应时段降水落区和强降水中心的分布对应较好,垂直分布上:暴雨区低层正涡度、水汽辐合旋转上升与高层负涡度、水汽辐散相配合,是触发暴雨的有利动力机制。 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°格距逐6 h再分析资料、FY-2F逐时云顶亮温(TBB)资料、国家气象站常规探空和地面气象观测资料、湖北省区域气象自动站资料,对2019年5月25日湖北省东部一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:500 hPa中高纬低槽不断分裂南下,盆地低槽稳定维持,中低层低涡扰动,切变线和低空急流维持,是本次大暴雨的有利天气背景;有西南向的水汽输送通道并在暴雨区强烈辐合,水汽辐合中心位于900～950 hPa,500 hPa以下整层温度露点差都在4℃以下;暴雨区在150 hPa以下为正平均涡度;400 hPa以上为正平均散度,其下为负平均散度,最强降水时段高层辐散低层辐合的配置明显向对流层下层压缩,高层负涡度低层正涡度的配置催生了高层辐散低层辐合的散度配置,有利于垂直上升运动加强;暴雨区上升运动从1 000 hPa延伸到200 h Pa,整层以上升运动为主,在最强降水时段上升运动中心明显下移;有明显的上冷下暖层结结构,形成低层暖平流高层冷平流的温度平流配置,有利于产生对流不稳定;降水云顶亮温TBB≤-50℃区域与降水区对应,近似圆形的中尺度对流系统对湖北东部强降水十分有利。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR 的GFS再分析资料,结合中国气象局气象信息中心提供的全国自动站观测降水量资料、CMORPH卫星反演降水资料、FY2反演降水资料和雷达定量估测降水产品融合的降水资料,对造成2016年7月19~21日北京—天津—河北（以下简称京津冀）地区的极端降水天气系统动热力结构演变以及不稳定条件进行了诊断分析,揭示了京津冀地区上空不同气压层上天气尺度系统的配置,水汽条件,降水发生的垂直运动条件及不稳定层结演变情况。结果表明:（1）500 hPa呈现东高西低的环流形势,与700 hPa低涡和高低空急流相配合,副高北抬阻挡华北地区低涡的东移,导致低涡在京津冀地区停滞是此次降水发生的环流背景;（2）低层的低涡东移发展与中高层正涡度叠加对暴雨发生有重要作用;（3）引用位势散度分析对流不稳定度变化的原因表明,降水区后部的京津冀西南地区,低层的位势不稳定主要由位势散度的水平风垂直切变部分决定,代表水平风垂直切变和大气湿斜压的共同作用,弱降水区以及降水区后方的低层位势散度为负值,有利于该区域位势不稳定加强,强降水区及降水区前方位势散度为正值,抑制了位势不稳定发展。位势散度变化可以通过影响大气稳定度变化进而影响降水落区,位势散度的高值区对应了降水大值区,尤其是700 hPa位势散度对降水落区有很好的指示作用,可以结合位势散度的变化对降水落区进行预估。 相似文献
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利用NCEP逐日资料和常规观测资料对2009年7月30~31日一次四川盆地南部强降雨过程进行诊断分析。结果发现:西南涡在700hPa上表现得比较明显,当发展极强时,甚至在500hPa也出现闭合环流;西南低涡涡区内均有降水发生,强降水中心位于涡区东北侧。低层水汽通量散度负值辐合区的分布不仅对相应时段降水落区指示较好,而且对于未来6h雨区分布也有一定参考性,可作为短临预警指标。强降雨区与强正涡度辐合上升运动区有较好的对应关系,对流层低层湿位涡的负值区对降水落区指示较好,强降水区出现在中高层正值MPV1下沿最强区,以及MPV2正负值交界区。 相似文献
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伊犁河谷是新疆地区暴雨多发且暴雨强度最强的地区。本文以该地区的一次特大暴雨过程为例,利用观测资料以及WRF高分辨率数值模拟结果对该次暴雨过程的环流背景及不稳定条件进行了分析。结果表明:（1）此次降水过程发生在对流层高层南亚高压“双体型”,中层中高纬度“两脊一槽”以及两个中亚低涡发展移动的环流形势下。在伊犁河谷特殊的向西开口的喇叭口地形作用下,中心位于哈萨克斯坦的中亚低涡导致伊犁河谷低层为偏西风,中心位于塔里木盆地的中亚低涡使得伊犁河谷中层为偏东风,导致伊犁河谷内中低层水平风的垂直切变增强;伊犁河谷内,地形及哈萨克斯坦中亚低涡环流的共同作用形成了低空辐合线,辐合线附近形成的辐合区正好与高空急流辐散区垂直叠加,引发河谷内的上升运动增强。低层西风将水汽输送进河谷,并在河谷内迎风坡附近堆积,上升运动增强后导致河谷内堆积的水汽得以抬升。（2）WRF模拟结果分析显示,散度分布、垂直风切变、水汽及热力层结分布等对降水产生均有重要贡献。通过对湿位涡垂直及水平分量的分析得出热力层结影响的对流不稳定对前期降水的产生有影响,同时,垂直风切变影响的对称不稳定对降水增强维持有重要作用。位势散度分析进一步指示出整个降水区低层的对流不稳定主要是由于位势散度的垂直切变部分造成,而位势散度的散度部分能加强河谷内小地形背风坡处的对流不稳定,说明整个降水演变过程中,动热力因子的相互作用共同影响了降水强度和落区。 相似文献
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《高原山地气象研究》2022,(Z1)
2018年8月1～2日四川盆地西部出现了一次区域性暖区暴雨,利用常规气象观测、区域自动站、卫星云图和雷达产品等资料,分析了其环流背景、中尺度条件以及触发机制。结果表明：东移的高原低涡触发了暴雨天气,通过诱发使低层涡度增加,形成气旋性低涡中心,高原低涡与西南低涡耦合,加强了盆地西部的垂直上升运动;低层水汽和不稳定能量在迎风坡被强迫抬升,触发对流性降水,使降水增幅,造成盆地西南部降水强度大于西北部;高湿环境、深厚暖云,以及中等偏强且呈狭长的CAPE特征,形成了高降水效率;强降水时段与云团发展强盛时段对应,辐合风场以及逆风区的形成有利于强回波的长时间维持。 相似文献
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贵州大暴雨个例形成机制数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用3层嵌套的中尺度数值模式MM5 V3.5,模拟了2007年6月24～25日发生在贵州中南部的一次大暴雨过程.利用模式输出的高分辨率资料,对这次暴雨天气及中尺度低涡的形成机制进行了诊断分析.模式较成功地模拟出了中尺度系统的演变和降水的分布特征.中尺度低涡的发展、稳定维持是造成贵州这次大暴雨天气的直接原因.暴雨、大暴雨出现在低涡的西南侧.在低层正涡度、辐合、强烈的上升运动和高层负涡度、辐散的有利配置下,形成深厚的上升运动柱,这种中尺度动力配置结构,不仅与暴雨区和暴雨发生时段相对应,而且是引起此次暴雨的中尺度低涡发展和持续的动力机制之一.暴雨区与强烈上升运动区,正涡度区相对应. 相似文献
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利用ERA-interim再分析资料和国家自动站观测资料,分析了四川盆地2020年8月10日~14日一次持续性强降水过程的特征及成因。结果表明:天气尺度系统的有效配合给此次暴雨过程提供了有利的环流背景,在冷空气及西南水汽的汇聚下,触发此次持续性强降水,整个过程可分为4个阶段,降水带自盆地西部向东移动;各暴雨区在强降水时刻,低层正涡度、负散度的强辐合,高层负涡度、正散度的强辐散抽吸作用均利于大气的上升运动,给持续强降水提供动力条件;相较于第二、三阶段,第一、四阶段的涡度、散度及垂直速度数值明显偏小,使得累计降水量偏少;各阶段降水过程的强降水中心、水汽辐合、上升运动区均位于中、低层低值系统（高原低涡、西南低涡、切变线）的东南侧;第二阶段降水过程中较强的水汽辐合及整层大气一致且极强的上升运动将水汽抬升输送至对流层中高层,导致该阶段累计降水量最大。 相似文献
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2012年6月26～29日宁夏强降水成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规资料及中尺度区域自动站观测资料、FY-2E 红外卫星云图、多普勒雷达、ECMWF等资料,对2012年6月26～29日宁夏北部和南部山区持续强降水过程作了较深入细致的天气动力学对比分析。得出：强降雨起止时间及落区出现在700 hPa切变线右侧与700 hPa南风风速辐合区左侧的区域内,同时宁夏持续强降雨落区出现在低层水汽辐合、低层正涡度辐合及高层负涡度辐散、持续上升运动区、-48℃＜TBB＜-20℃云团区和回波强度为25～45 dBZ的重叠区内;重叠区内关键物理量中心值越大,雨强越强,雨强最强时段往往是关键物理量大值中心叠加的时段。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献