共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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本文通过对玉树、果洛、海北三个地区具有代表性台站的2002年1～7月人工站与自动站日照记录为依据进行对比、分析，得出了造成日照传感器误差的主要来源。为今后自动站日照传感器检定、测试等提供了依据。 相似文献
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房伟 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1996,(3)
由机电部长春气象仪器研究所推出的NZY－Ⅱ型农林小气候综合观测仪最近在我区投入使用。该仪器是在农田、林区植物生长期中用以观测热量平衡各分量的数据采集系统，同时也可用来进行实时气象参数观测，除农林部门外，也适合气象、学校、科研等部门为收集被开发地的气象资料而进行的小气候观测和科学研究。该仪器是以单片机为主体的数据采集系统，系统可完成对各要素的采集和处理，并把数据显示和定时打印。共有32个通道，现用13个通道，两组干、湿球传感器，4个地温传感器，2个风速传感器，2个光合有效辐射和一个总辐射传感器。主机硬件由… 相似文献
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大气气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上亮度和卫星遥感地表反射率的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
均一模式和两层模式是两个忽略气溶胶垂直非均一、并广泛用于卫星遥感的辐射模式。通过两个模式的数值模拟，分析了气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上天空亮度和卫星遥感地面反射率的效应。数值模拟选用了２４个有代表性的气溶胶模式。对于具有强分子散射的卫星短波通道，由于分子和气溶胶散射性的明显不同，应用均一和两层模式计算的向上亮度往往存在较大误差。对长波通道，如果气溶胶的光学特性随高度变化不大，该亮度误差较小，但如果存在不同散射相函数和一次散射反照率的气溶胶层，该误差仍可能较大。对于干净的大气，由均一和两层模式计算的亮度误差可分别高达３１．４％和３１．５％，而对于混浊的大气，该误差可分别高达６７．８％和５９．２％。该亮度误差可以引起地表反射率解存在大的不确定性，特别是对于短波通道和强吸收的气溶胶。对于包含强吸收气溶胶的混浊大气，均一和两层模式不适合于大气订正应用。 相似文献
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利用2016年8—12月北京观象台直接辐射传感器、FS-RZ1型日照计以及暗筒式日照计观测数据,对3种测量设备进行了综合对比分析。结果表明:3种传感器两两对比的绝对偏差和相对偏差,在雾霾日明显高于无雾霾日。在雾霾日,自动跟踪直接辐射传感器测量值比另外两种偏高,FS-RZ1日照计比暗筒式日照计测量值偏低;在无雾霾日,FS-RZ1日照计测量值比另外两种测量值都要偏低,暗筒式日照计比自动跟踪直接辐射传感器测量值偏高;暗筒式日照计受日照纸人为制作因素影响,测量值会出现高低不均。FS-RZ1日照计受多云天气影响,测量值会偏低。直接辐射传感器测量方式最贴近WMO对日照时数的定义,但在出现机械跟踪偏差时,测量值会偏低。 相似文献
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日照是气象台站的基本观测项目之一。目前气象台站所使用的日照计多为暗筒式日照计，它是利用太阳光通过仪器上的小孔射入筒内，使涂有感光剂的日照纸上留有感光迹线来计算日照时数。因此，日照纸的涂药质量，直接关系到日照记录的准确性。 相似文献
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由日照记录迹线描述方程,给出标准日照记录迹线,并对日照计安装偏差对日照记录正确性和日照迹线状态改变的影响进行了分析,发现日照计安装偏差造成的记录误差,水平最甚,方位次之,纬度最轻。用日照记录迹线形状来判断日照计安装偏差,纬度不准最易,方位不准次之,水平不准最难。并提出了暗筒式日照计的正确安装方法,确保其水平、方位、纬度误差最小。 相似文献
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用感光迹线检查暗筒式日照计构造和安装误差 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据暗筒式日照计构造特点和工作原理,较系统地介绍了利用感光迹线检查日照计构造和安装上存在误差的方法,弥补了先前部分学者提出的关于暗筒式日照计安装误差检查方法存在的不全面、不准确的缺陷。并从几何、成像原理加以论证,证明了利用感光迹线检查暗筒式日照计方位、水平、纬度安装正确与否,隔光板构造是否精确是可行的。 相似文献
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H. F. Assunção J. F. Escobedo A. P. Oliveira 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2007,90(3-4):235-248
Summary This work describes a new algorithm to characterize sky condition in intervals of 5 min using four categories of sun exposition:
apparent sun with cloud reflection effects; apparent sun without cloud effects; sun partially concealed by clouds; and sun
totally concealed by clouds. The algorithm can also be applied to estimate hourly and daily sky condition in terms of the
traditional three categories: clear, partially cloudy and cloudy day. It identifies sky conditions within a confidence interval
of 95% by minimizing local climate and measurement effects. This is accomplished by using a logistic cumulative probability
function to characterize clear sky and Weibull cumulative probability function to represent cloudy sky. Both probability functions
are derived from frequency distributions of clearness index, based on 5 minutes-averaged values of global solar irradiance
observed at the surface during a period of 6 years in Botucatu, Southeastern of Brazil. The relative sunshine estimated from
the new algorithm is statistically comparable to the one derived from Campbell-Stocks sunshine recorder for both daily and
monthly values. The new method indicates that the highest frequency of clear sky days occurs in Botucatu during winter (66%)
and the lowest during the summer (38%). Partially cloudy condition is the dominant feature during all months of the year. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on different ways of characterizing the solar radiative regime of a day and the stability of this regime. The days may be stratified in classes of cloud shade, observed total cloud cover amount, daily averaged clearness index, and fractal dimension of the solar global irradiance signal. A new Boolean parameter related to solar irradiance fluctuation is defined, namely the sunshine stability number. The time averaged value of the sunshine stability number is used for the characterization of the radiative regime stability during a given time interval. Ranking the days from the view-point of the stability of their radiative regime is performed by using the daily average value of the sunshine stability number and appropriately defined values of disorder and complexity, respectively. Measurements performed in the Romanian town of Timisoara (latitude 45°46?? N, longitude 21°25?? E and 85?m altitude above mean sea level) are used here. They refer to time series of global and diffuse solar irradiance recorded at 15-s time interval between sunrise and sunset during all the days in 2009. 相似文献
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P. Lelouchier 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1991,44(1):47-55
Summary It is easy to compute the diurnal arc or day length. We show that the same simplicity exists for the solar arc on an inclined surface, i.e. the theoretical interval during which it sees the sun. By transposing the daily extraterrestrial irradiance onto the celestial sphere, we demonstrate the concept of image, sunshine modes, transitions from one mode to another and annual sequence of modes which are, in a sense, the generalization of astronomical seasons for inclined surfaces. The modes are the elements of a group, or the focus of the theory. We give the foundation of a simple and exhaustive theory on the subject for any surface the following explicit formulae: image, mode, declination of transition between two modes, sunrise and sunset, solar arc or extraterrestrial sunshine, and daily irradiance. This subject has been previously broached in some infrequently referenced papers as well as in more recent papers by Revfeim (1976, 1978, 1982), Swift (1976), and Sato (1984). However, due to their lack of structure, those contributions to a geometrical theory have been largely neglected and the empirical point of view still prevails.With 2 Figures 相似文献
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提高暗筒式日照纸感光质量的技巧 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
暗筒式日照计日照纸所用药品品质好坏、配药比例和涂药方法是否得当,是造成日照纸感光质量好坏的主要原因。本文针对部分测报员在日照纸配药、涂药和浸漂操作处理过程中存在的问题提出相关改进措施和建议。 相似文献
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根据地球自转和绕太阳公转轨迹规律,分析了黄赤交角、太阳赤纬、经度和太阳高度角对日照迹线形成的影响,解释了春分、秋分、夏至、冬至几个具有代表性日期日照迹线形成的规律,阐述了暗筒式日照计日照迹线位置随季节变化的原理。地球运动轨迹固定,以地球作为参照物,地球相对静止,太阳围绕地球转,太阳光在无任何遮挡的情况下,每日的日照迹线可严格求出。用严谨的理论依据,导出日照迹线公式,并设计出软件,每日日照迹线可任意全真显示。 相似文献
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M. Nunez 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1985,33(4):379-395
A simple model is developed which estimates daily global radiation at the floor of a non-homogeneous Eucalyptus forest. Model input parameters are easily derived from field measurements and consist of individual tree location, tree height, maximum canopy width and its corresponding height, height of the lowest branch and trunk thickness. In addition, the model requires values for global and diffuse irradiance in the open. The tree canopy is represented as a series of spheres containing leaves which are homogeneously spaced but are oriented in the vertical plane. This configuration closely approaches that of actual eucalyptus trees. A Monte-Carlo approach is used to estimate the albedo of the unit sphere as a function of solar zenith angle. At a given combination of solar zenith and azimuth angle, the model estimates the solar irradiance at a specific forest floor location.The model, when tested against pyranometer measurements, predicted daily solar irradiance with a correlation of 0.98 and a standard error of 0.98 MJ m-2 day-1. This good performance is attributed to the spatial averaging of the radiation fluxes over the entire day, and the relatively low sensitivity of the calculated solar irradiance to sphere albedo. 相似文献