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1.
北京地面O3污染特征及气象条件分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对2000年北京地区地面O3浓度监测资料和同期气象观测资料进行统计分析，发现北京地区地面O3浓度具有明显的月际、日变化特征及地域分布特征：O3小时浓度在一年中5－8月偏高，6月最高；在一日中12：00－16：00（北京时，下同）偏高；北京地区西、西北部O3浓度高于东北部和城区；分析了O3浓度不同等级的气象特征，影响O3浓度出现日变化和月际变化的主要气象因子是地面最高温度、相对湿度及地面风速等，并给出了日O3浓度最大值的预报方程。 相似文献
2.
气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文通过对１９９３年春季和春夏之交的O3浓度逐日变化、日变化和气象因子关系的分析，提出了影响O3浓度的主导气象因子和不同情况下形成高浓度O3的主要因子，提出了大风速对逐日变化中O3浓度特高及浓度日变化峰值的重要作用，并指出高温、低湿、小风并不是在所有情况都是促成高浓度O3的因子。另外，雾也可以成为近地面O3浓度增值的因素，主要原因是雾内湍流发展将高浓度O3大量输向下方。 相似文献
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地面臭氧光化学过程规律的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
给出了1996年夏季在广东肇庆鼎湖山对光化辐射、地面O3、NO、NO2浓度的观测结果,对影响地面O3、NO、NO2的主要因子进行了分析。晴天,地面O3、NO、NO2浓度有明显的日变化;阴天,它们的日变化比较复杂。晴天和阴天,在lnQUVB/m和lnQvis/m(其中QUVB为紫外B辐射,Qvis为可见光辐射,m为大气质量)与地面O3、NO,NO2浓度、整层大气水汽含量(q1、q2、q3、q4)之间存在着很好的相关关系。利用得到的关系式计算了地面O3浓度,在紫外和可见光波段,计算值与观测值符合得都比较好。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原清洁地区近地面层臭氧的特征分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用瓦里关1994年8月～2001年12月地面臭氧资料，分析了地面O3年季变化，以及不同天气条件下的日变化特征。结果表明，青藏高原洁净地区地面O3具有明显的季节变化且呈缓慢的上升趋势，春季浓度明显高于冬季，最高值出现在每年夏初，而最低值在12月左右。与低纬的Lzana站相比，瓦里关地区地面O3浓度变化趋势与之比较相近，而且，亦呈逐年上升趋势。不同天气条件下，春、夏、秋、冬四个季节地面O3浓度变化不尽相同，晴天和多云天，春、夏、秋季的地面O3变化趋势基本一致，其中，春秋季，晴天O3值高于多云天和降雨天，而冬季和夏季则不明显，说明晴空天气虽然有利于O3浓度的增加，但并不是重要因子之一。各季节降雨、雪天O3浓度的变化情况来看，地面O3在春、秋、冬三个季节变化不大。而夏季与其它季节明显不同，变化幅度很大，日较差在四个季节中为最大，这与雨、雪的冲刷关系很大，并且可能存在雨、雪以及降雨强度的差异。 相似文献
6.
鼎湖山森林地区臭氧及其前体物的变化特征和分析 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
通过对鼎湖山森林地区近地面O3和NOx浓度、太阳辐射、气象参数等为期一年的观测和资料分析,给出了地面O3和NOx浓度、太阳辐射的变化规律及其相互之间的关系.地面O3、NOx、CO、SO2浓度以及紫外辐射、太阳总辐射等有明显的日变化和季节变化.不同因子对O3的敏感性试验结果表明,晴天和实际天气,O3浓度对NO、NO2浓度的变化最为敏感,其次是水汽、气溶胶,最后是紫外辐射.所有因子的变化均引起O3在湿季比干季更大的变化率,因此在研究臭氧化学和光化学时,应该考虑水汽以及OH自由基的重要作用.对于晴天和实际天气的逐时值和日平均值而言,O3浓度与NO2/NO之间存在很好的正相关关系,比值NO2/NO可以作为判断O3峰值出现的一个指标.O3极值的出现既受NO和NOx影响,也受气象因素(温湿度、云、风、雾、降雨)和辐射的影响.周末O3、NOx浓度及NO2/NO有规律的增大,表明实验地点的大气受到人为污染源的影响. 相似文献
7.
运用2017—2020年5—8月城市空气质量数据和地面气象数据,筛选出对O3日最大8 h滑动平均质量浓度（以下用C8h(O3)表示）影响较大的气象因子,建立了近地面C8h(O3)主要气象条件判定标准——高质量浓度O3潜势指数（IHPP）,进一步拟合得到汾渭平原夏季C8h(O3)多元逐步回归预报方程,并进行效果检验。结果表明：汾渭平原IHPP由日最高气温（Tmax）、日均相对湿度（HR）、日照时数（t）、日主导风向（WD）和降水量（P）5个气象因子构成,其值介于-1～6之间,值越大则该日近地面O3超标可能性越大;经检验,C8h(O3)多元逐步回归方程预报结果与实况较吻合,汾河平原（特别是运城）预报效果总体较好,临汾、吕梁和西安等级预报效果有待改进;预报检验时段咸阳和晋中等级预报准确率较国家气象中心的指导预报分别上升79%和289%,说明预报方程具有一定的业务应用可行性。 相似文献
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近地面O3变化化学反应机理的数值研究 总被引：34，自引：1，他引：33
利用中尺度气象模式（MM5）及区域化学模式（RADM）对中国地区近地面O3变化化学反应机理进行了数值模拟研究。主要研究了近地面O3变化与其主要前体物NMHC（非甲烷烃）、NOx、CO等之间复杂相互作用关系。主要结论为:（1） 污染地区近地面O3变化主要受光化学作用控制;而清洁地区地面O3变化主要受大气背景O3浓度影响。（2）NMHC和NOx的变化对HO2和OH自由基的影响是十分复杂的,O3的反馈作用对自由基的影响是不可忽视的。（3）在高NOx污染地区的地面上空可能出现高O3污染。（4）在O3光化学反应机理中同样存在线性相关关系。 相似文献
9.
人为和生物排放量对春季东亚地面臭氧的协同贡献 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
臭氧O3的生成是多因子影响的复杂非线性过程, 一个因子在其他因子起作用时的贡献可以分为纯贡献与协同贡献。本文采用因子分离方法和改进后的区域空气质量模式 (RAQM) 计算了人为氮氧化物 (NOx＝NO+NO2)、人为可挥发性有机化合物(AVOCs)以及生物可挥发性有机化合物(BVOCs)对春季东亚地区地面臭氧浓度的协同贡献及总贡献(＝纯贡献+协同贡献)。结果表明, AVOCs、BVOCs与NOx对O3生成量的贡献依赖于AVOCs、BVOCs排放量的相对大小。AVOCs或BVOCs排放量显著偏高的地区, 其总贡献主要来源于其与NOx的协同贡献。从区域角度 (1°×1°) 来看, BVOCs对东亚春季地面O3浓度的贡献较小, BVOCs排放量明显偏高的个别地区除外。BVOCs总贡献有很强的日变化特征, BVOCs总贡献有可能小于其协同贡献。个例研究的成果应用于O3调控对策的制定和实施很可能达不到预期的效果。我国北方 (30°N以北) 应控制人为源; 我国南方BVOCs排放量显著偏高的地区, 生物源和人为源的贡献都必须考虑。 相似文献
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11.
漠河地区臭氧的观测和计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1997年3月上旬,在黑龙江漠河地区对地面和整层臭氧、太阳辐射等进行了短期观测,以初步了解该地区臭氧和辐射的变化规律以及它们之间的相互关系.研究发现,漠河地区近地面臭氧日变化明显,其峰值出现在每日10:00(北京时间)左右,并早于紫外辐射(UV)峰值出现时间.整层大气臭氧总量的日变化特征不明显.基于UV能量守恒,建立了臭氧与其影响因子-光化学、散射、UV等因子之间较好的定量关系和经验模式,并将其用于计算地面、整层大气臭氧小时值和日平均值.结果表明,计算值与观测值吻合的都比较好,它们相对偏差的平均值分别为:地面臭氧小时值(11.9%)和日平均值(9.0%);整层大气臭氧小时值和日平均值-7.4%、1.8%.因此,地面和整层臭氧的经验算法是合理和可行的.利用散射辐射/直接辐射(D/S)和散射辐射/总辐射(D/Q)可以描述大气中的物质如气溶胶、云等的散射作用.采用D/Q表示散射作用可以提高地面臭氧和整层大气臭氧计算的准确度,特别是对云量较大的情况.
相似文献
12.
Joonsuk Lee Won Jun Choi Deok Rae Kim Seung-Yeon Kim Chang-Keun Song Jun Suk Hong Youdeog Hong Sukjo Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):271-278
Surface erythemal UV radiation is mainly affected by total column ozone, aerosols, clouds, and solar zenith angle. The effect of ozone on the surface UV radiation has been explored many times in the previous studies due to the decrease of ozone layer. In this study, we calculated the effect of aerosols on the surface UV radiation as well as that of ozone using data acquired from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). First, ozone, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and surface erythemal UVB radiation measured from satellite are compared with those from ground measurements. The results showed that the comparison for ozone was good with r 2 of 0.92. For aerosol, there was difference between satellite measurements and surface measurements due to the insufficient information on aerosol in the retrieval algorithm. The r 2 for surface erythemal UV radiation was high (～0.94) but satellite measurements showed about 30% larger values than surface measurements on average by not considering the effect of absorbing aerosols in the retrieval process from satellite measurements. Radiative amplification factor (RAF) is used to access the effect of ozone and aerosol quantitatively. RAF for ozone was 0.97～1.49 with solar zenith angle. To evaluate the effect of aerosol on the surface UV radiation, only clear-sky pixel data were used and solar zenith angle and total column amount of ozone were fixed. Also, RAF for aerosol was assessed according to the single scattering albedo (SSA) of aerosols. The results showed that RAF for aerosol with smaller SSA (< 0.90) was larger than that for with larger SSA (> 0.90). The RAF for aerosol was 0.09～0.22 for the given conditions which was relatively small compared to that for ozone. However, considering the fact that aerosol optical depth can change largely in time and space while the total column amount of ozone does not change very much, it needs to include the effect of aerosol to predict the variations of surface UV radiation more correctly. 相似文献
13.
Oksana A. Tarasova Nicolai F. Elansky Gennady I. Kuznetsov Irina N. Kuznetsova Irina A. Senik 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(3):245-259
The impact of air transport on the surface ozone variations is analyzed at Kislovodsk High Mountain Station for the period 1989–1996 on the basis of 2D back trajectories. It was shown that the contribution of photochemical and dynamical processes is different for the different seasons. In summer months the surface ozone concentration is governed by photochemical ozone production in semi polluted air from the regions of Northern Caspian, Southern Ural and Volga region. Time of the seasonal ozone maximum appearance is defined by joint influence of the processes of photochemical production and destruction in the eastern sectors and advection from Ukraine and Central Europe. The value of the seasonal minimum is determined by the processes of ozone destruction in the air coming from northeastern direction in the stable frontal zone. Distribution of sectors of the air transport changes from year to year and it can partly explain strong negative trend of the surface ozone concentration at the site. 相似文献
14.
东亚太平洋地区近地面臭氧的季节和年际变化特征及其与东亚季风的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱彬 《南京气象学院学报》2012,(5):513-523
利用东亚清洁背景站近地面臭氧观测资料,结合风场和降水资料,分析东亚各地区臭氧的多年季节变化特征,并探讨东亚太平洋地区臭氧的季节和年际变化与季风的关系以及影响近地层臭氧的主要因子。结果表明：东亚大部分地区与北半球背景站观测一致,近地层臭氧季节变化表现为春季最高、夏季最低的特征;但在东亚中纬度33～43°N,臭氧表现为夏季最高,而在东亚20°N以南地区臭氧则表现为冬末、春初最高。东亚太平洋沿岸近地面臭氧的季节变化主要受东亚冬、夏季风环流的季节变化控制。该地区不同纬度上春季峰值出现时间的差异与亚洲大陆春季不同时期污染物输送路径的差异有关。对东亚太平洋沿岸对流层顶附近位势涡度、高空急流和垂直环流季节变化的分析表明,冬春季可能是平流层向对流层输送的最强期,对近地面臭氧贡献最大。初夏至秋季（5-11月）,平流层向对流层输送较弱,对近地面臭氧贡献较小。东亚太平洋地区夏季风爆发的时间和强度以及季风环流型的年际差异是导致该地区春、夏季臭氧年际变化的主要原因;而季风降水和云带位置以及平流层一对流层交换是造成臭氧年际变化的其他原因。 相似文献
15.
On the reactive uptake of gaseous PAH molecules by micron-sized atmospheric water droplets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A falling droplet reactor was used to study the heterogeneous oxidation of gaseous PAH molecules adsorbed on a 92 μm diameter water droplet by ozone. The dynamic partition constant for the PAH between the droplet and air and the first-order surface rate constant was measured. The increase in uptake with ozone concentration was due to increased mass transfer via surface reaction of co-adsorbed ozone and PAH. The surface rate constant was rationalized through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. The rate constant was smaller for phenanthrene than naphthalene. The main reaction products identified in the aqueous phase indicated the peroxidic route for surface reaction of ozone with PAH. The heterogeneous reaction rate of ozone with adsorbed phenanthrene at the air–water interface of a 92-μm droplet was estimated to be 9300 times larger than the homogeneous reaction of ozone with phenanthrene in the gas phase and it was 76 times larger than the homogeneous oxidation by hydroxyl radical in the gas phase. For naphthalene that is more volatile, however, the homogeneous reaction with hydroxyl was more important. Increased organic carbon added to the droplet increased both the partition constant for phenanthrene and surface reaction with ozone. The partition constant for a droplet formed from actual fog water was much larger than for pure distilled water. 相似文献
16.
A. M. Zvyagintsev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(8):499-506
Two synoptic-statistical methods for forecasting daily maximum surface ozone concentrations are proposed based on the relations between surface ozone and meteorological variables in the Moscow region. The methods use current ozone measurements and forecasts of meteorological variables and of synoptic situation. Statistically, the methods provide better forecast results than climatic and persistence methods. Compared with the persistence forecast, the above methods reduce the variance of the forecast error from 1.5 to 2 times. The most significant predictors for forecasting daily maximum surface ozone concentration with lead times of one to three days for Moscow are the forecast time (Julian day of the year), prognostic temperature, relative humidity, indices of the meteorological pollution potential of the atmosphere (MPP), and surface ozone concentration observed on the previous day. The forecast efficiency is demonstrated using the 2006 observational data from the stations of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Moscow State University and Mosecomonitoring State Nature Protection Organization. 相似文献
17.
Changes in daily mean and daily maximum surface ozone concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity are evaluated based
on the data of long-term observations (from 11 to 16 years) carried out at eight German stations. For all stations the trends
of daily mean surface ozone concentration are statistically significant and positive. The trend values are different and generally
range from 0 to 10% per 10 years. The trends of the maximum daily concentration are, on average, approximately 1.5 times less.
Noticeable part of trends of the surface ozone concentration is connected with the trends of meteorological variables: temperature,
relative humidity, and air mass transport direction. After the account of the influence of the trends of meteorological variables,
the trends of the surface ozone concentration at most stations substantially decrease. The highest trend values of daily mean
and daily maximum surface ozone concentrations are observed in a cold season; in a warm season, the trend values are much
lower, at some stations they are statistically insignificant. A conclusion is made that for a correct revealing of reasons
of long-term changes in the surface ozone concentration one should take into account changes in meteorological factors influencing
its formation. 相似文献
18.
A. M. Zvyagintsev G. Kakadzhanova G. M. Kruchenitskii O. A. Tarasova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(3):159-166
Characteristics of periodic variability of surface ozone concentration at 98 western and central European stations participating in the EMEP program for at least 7 (up to 14) years are determined. Daily and hourly model concentrations of surface ozone for each station are given in an analytical form that presents a sum of a constant constituent and basic harmonics that determine ozone concentration variability throughout a year and a day. A 12-month harmonic, whose maximum is observed in the spring period (in Northern Europe it is observed 1 to 2 months earlier than in Southern Europe) dominates in the energy spectrum of seasonal variability of daily mean ozone concentration at most stations. The energy part of higher (6-and 4-month) harmonics is the largest at the stations close to the sea and ocean coasts. Higher harmonics largely influence the time of the ozone extremum formation, shifting it towards the summer, or even forming a second (summer) maximum, whose magnitude at a number of stations (in Italy, Hungary, in the south of Germany, and in some others) exceeds the spring maximum. A 24-hour harmonic dominates in the energy spectrum of daily ozone variability. The maps of a “normal” distribution of surface ozone fields and their standard deviations for different seasons and time of the day have been compiled based on the model characteristics. The “norms” derived can be used to detect anomalies in the temporal trend of the surface ozone and to validate its climate changes. 相似文献
19.
2013年6—9月在河北省固城站观测到多次夜间对流性天气伴随地面O3混合比快速抬升的过程,并引起次日清晨到中午O3混合比升高。大多数对流过程中,O3混合比在半小时内升高至60×10-9～80×10-9,同时NOx等反应性气体混合比下降,θse值降低,说明下沉气流将高空气团带到地面,造成了O3混合比的升高。通过再分析资料得到下沉气团基本来源于对流层中下层,这一结论与当地进行的一次飞机观测结果吻合。多数对流过程中固城站和北京城区地面O3混合比和θse值有相同的变化趋势和程度。根据观测结果,推测华北地区在夏季和初秋时,对流层中下层存在O3高值区,混合比约为60×10-9～80×10-9。对流性天气对地面O3抬升的影响区域与对流系统的影响范围有关,可达到中尺度范围。华北地区光化学污染严重,对流性天气引起的地面O3混合比抬升程度比较强,对环境的影响值得关注。 相似文献
20.
Through one and half year continuous in-situ measurements,the distributions and variations of surface ozone and its precursors at a typical mixed agricultural and metropolitan area-Changshu,Yangtze Delta region,were studied.The preliminary analysis on the concentration levels and variations of surface ozone indicated the obvious seasonal and diurnal cycles during the experiment.The hourly averaged concentrations of surface ozone were high,in about 17% of total valid hours the surface ozone concentration exceeded 50 ppb,and in 22 days the hourly averaged ozone concentration was greater than 100 ppb.There were about 40% of the days in that the daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentration was greater than 50 ppb.The days with daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentration greater than 80 ppb were about 33 days that accounted for about 8% of the observational days.The variations of 5-day moving averaged ozone concentrations depended both on the weather conditions and on the changes of ozone in background atmosphere.Photochemical process had the significant impacts on ozone productions. 相似文献