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利用中国科学院海洋研究所提供的印度洋—太平洋海洋热通量资料,研究了1989—2010年中国南方地区秋季降水与前期春季西北太平洋潜热通量年际变化的联系,并讨论了其可能的物理机制。结果表明,前期春季4月西北太平洋(15°—30°N,150°—170°E)潜热通量与中国南方秋季降水有显著的正相关,当前期关键区潜热通量偏高(低)时,则中国南方秋季降水偏多(少)。分析发现前期关键区潜热通量强弱主要由西北太平洋上空气旋性风切变造成,当前期4月关键区潜热通量偏大时,该关键区正处于西北太平洋上空气旋性风切变北侧大风区中,而在其南侧的赤道强西风使得日界线附近出现海温偏高。随后,次表层高海温伴随开尔文波东传,相应地其北侧的低海温伴随罗斯贝波西传,于秋季西传至热带西太平洋地区,并激发出菲律宾反气旋,从而有利于热带洋面暖湿水汽向中国南方输送,使得南方地区降水偏多,反之亦然。 相似文献
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冬季中国东部海区热通量变化与中国气温降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用OAFlux月平均热通量、NCEP/NCAR（1958—2006年）再分析和全国160个站的月降水、气温等资料,采用相关分析、合成分析等方法,分析了中国东部海区海气界面热通量变化特征及其与中国冬、春季降水、气温的关系。研究表明,中国东部海区为潜热通量和感热通量年际变化的关键区,冬季变化最为显著,具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,热通量的增强趋势明显。热通量的年代际变化与同期冬季中国华南降水存在明显正相关,与华北降水存在负相关、与气温存在显著正相关。1983年气候突变前热通量年际变化与同期中国长江下游地区降水有很好的负相关。突变后热通量年际变化与同期淮河流域降水存在显著负相关;与后期春季中国两河流域降水存在显著负相关,与两河流域气温存在显著正相关。 相似文献
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利用山西省62个气象站1961年-2008年春季逐月降水资料,同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,NOAA太平洋海温资料等,应用SVD、蒙特卡罗统计检验、合成分析等方法,研究了山西春季旱涝与同期太平洋海温场和环流场异常关系.研究表明：影响山西春季旱涝的同期500 hPa关键区主要位于日本海、北太平洋东部的阿留申地区南部,以及极地、西西伯利亚,山西北部和西南部受关键区异常影响更明显;当春季500 hPa平均高度场上日本海、北太平洋东部出现正异常,而极地、西西伯利亚出现负异常时,山西春季易偏涝,反之山西春季易旱.春季赤道东太平洋以及北太平洋海盆东南部λw150°～λw160°,ψN30°～ψN 35°附近海域是影响山西春季旱涝的太平洋海温的关键区,山西中南部受关键区海温异常影响最明显;当春季赤道东太平洋海温异常偏高,北太平洋海盆东南部海温异常偏低,山西春季降水易偏多,反之山西春季易旱.春季850 hPa上我国东部地区λE110°～λE120°范围偏南风减弱是导致山西春旱的重要因素. 相似文献
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利用1965~2000年华北5省市及相邻省73个地面观测站逐月平均降水场及北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场资料, 采用奇异值分解 (SVD)、奇异交叉谱 (SCSA) 分析方法, 将华北夏季降水场分别与1月北半球500 hPa高度场、冬季北太平洋海温场进行了诊断分析, 得出奇异向量分布型及相互作用的耦合周期信号。在对前4对奇异向量的分析中发现, 华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与1月北半球500 hPa高度场PNA遥相关型关系非常密切。ENSO对华北夏季降水的影响确实存在, 但华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与冬季北太平洋ENSO关系并不明显。同时还找出了华北降水与北半球500 hPa高度、北太平洋海温场相互作用的关键区。在华北各型降水与高度场、海温场关键区相互作用的耦合周期中, 前者以准2~7年振荡为主; 后者则周期较长, 最短周期仍为准2年振荡, 最长周期为准10~11年振荡。以上结论为进一步研究华北夏季降水短期气候预测方法, 提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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中国东北南部地区冬季气温异常的海气背景分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1951—2005年中国沈阳、通化、营口、丹东气温和北半球500 hPa高度及北太平洋海温资料,分析了中国东北南部地区冬季气温的异常变化及其海气背景。结果表明:中国东北南部地区冬季气温具有明显的年代际变化特征;冬季异常冷暖年份,其同期与前期500 hPa高度和海温距平场分布具有明显不同;前期春季(3—5月)贝加尔湖高压和西太平洋副热带高压的强弱变化,西风漂流区海温、赤道东太平洋关键区海温及2个海区海温距平差,对中国东北南部地区冬季气温的异常变化均具有较好的预测指示意义。前期夏季(7—9月)赤道东太平洋关键区海温对中国东北南部地区冬季气温异常变化具有指示性。 相似文献
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热带太平洋和印度洋热源对大气影响的季节变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用1970—1979年COADS2°×2°格点月平均资料,计算了30°S—30°N热带太平洋和印度洋洋面上的有效长波辐射、感热和潜热通量以及它们的季节变化和年变化。结果指出:在冬季半球热带海洋外侧有大量的长波辐射、感热和潜热向大气输送,输送通量的季节变化大;热带太平洋地区西北部热通量的季节变化最大,赤道洋面地区热通量的年变化最小,潜热是洋面上热量输送的最大项,季节变化也最大;感热的输送量虽不及有效长波辐射,但其季节变化与有效长波辐射的变化相当;赤道地区是有效长波辐射和潜热通量的低值区,暖池地区是有效长波辐射的低值中心,靠近秘鲁海域的东南赤道太平洋是感热通量的负值区;热带太平洋西北部和阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾地区的热通量及年、季变化与亚洲季风有密切的关系,同时对我国和南亚地区的气候有重要的影响。 相似文献
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南疆夏季降水异常的环流和青藏高原地表潜热通量特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1980—2004年NCEP/DOE新再分析月平均资料及我国225个测站1980—2004年月降水量资料,通过诊断分析,研究了南疆夏季降水异常的环流和高原地表潜热通量特征。结果表明:南疆夏季降水偏少年,南亚高压西部偏强,西风急流位置偏北,500 hPa中高纬环流经向度减弱,伊朗高压偏北、偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏西、偏南;降水偏多年则相反。南疆夏季降水偏少年,高原北部和南疆地区为下沉的垂直环流距平,Ferrell环流增强;降水偏多年则相反。南疆夏季降水偏少年和偏多年的前期冬春季开始孟加拉湾、青藏高原和南疆地区地表潜热通量具有相反的变化,南疆夏季降水与高原北部地表潜热通量呈显著正相关,与南部地表潜热通量呈反相关关系。 相似文献
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南海地区热通量的时空变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文利用美国 NCEP1958-1998 年高斯网格月平均再分析资料,分析了南海及周边地区(0～20°N,100～125°E)热通量(包括潜热通量和感热通量)的时空变化,结果表明该潜热通量、感热通量具有明显的季节转换特征.南海中部海区是潜热通量、感热通量季节变化最剧烈的关键区,南海季风对潜热、感热输送均有影响,并且蒸发潜热输送大于感热输送.EOF 分析表明,风速对潜热、感热输送贡献较大,另外气温和相对湿度对潜热输送有贡献,而水温与气温差对感热输送有贡献.整个南海地区潜热通量、感热通量具有明显的年际变化特征,潜热通量存在5～8 a 以及 2 a 左右的周期振动,而感热通量只有 5～8 a 的周期振动. 相似文献
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山西春季降水与500hPa环流场及太平洋海温场异常的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961—2008年春季山西省62个气象站的逐月降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA太平洋海温资料等,应用SVD、Monte Carlo统计检验和合成分析等方法,探讨了山西春季降水与500hPa环流场及太平洋海温场的异常关系。结果表明,当春季500hPa平均高度场上,欧洲北部、日本海和北太平洋东部出现正异常,而极地、西西伯利亚出现负异常时,山西春季降水易偏多;反之,则易偏少。当春季赤道中东太平洋海温异常偏高,北太平洋东南部海温异常偏低,且前期冬季也有相似的海温距平分布时,山西春季降水易偏多;反之,则易偏少。春季,850hPa我国东部地区110°～120°E范围偏南风减弱是导致山西春季降水偏少的重要因素。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献