共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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本文利用简阳、乐至、雁江、安岳4站点1961～2006年46年降水资料,以资阳玉米关键期(抽雄前20天)需水指标为依据,分析了5～7月逐时段(20天滑动累计)的降水保证率分布特征,进而探讨了资阳玉米种植气候适播期布局.结果表明,玉米播期安排在4月中旬前后,需水关键期遭遇干旱风险相对较低. 相似文献
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小麦、玉米需水特征及防旱对策——四川盆中丘陵地区农业干旱分布规律及对策研究之二 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
定量分析了盆丘中陵地区小麦、玉米等作物各生育期的需水量、日耗水量及水分盈亏值的变化规律,重点讨论了不同台地作物需水关键期的干旱情况。指出(1)小麦需水关键期(拔节——抽穗)水分亏缺多达24.8～32.4mm,各台地小麦普遍发生干旱,以二、三台地更严重:(2)玉米需水关键期多夏旱,频率高达40％～60％。容易导致玉米受旱;(3)小麦有最少需水期与最多需水期之分,玉米则只有最多需水期,但玉米对水分反应更敏感;(4)提出了该地区抗御土壤——作物干旱的若干气候对策建议。 相似文献
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1 问题的提出 玉米、花生是我区主要的旱地作物,一般无灌溉条件,其生长发育需水主要靠自然降水,因此,降雨量特别是作物需水关键期降雨量的多少,常常左右着产量的高低。以玉米为例,据分析,5月中旬至6月上旬(百 相似文献
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淮河上游地区夏玉米生长降水关键期内旱涝致灾降水阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于淮河上游地区11个气象站点1959—2015年降水资料,利用夏玉米气候产量与生育期降水序列进行相关性分析,确定降水影响夏玉米生长的关键时段,定义为夏玉米生长降水关键期,并采用21种分布函数对降水关键期内降水序列进行拟合,选取K-S和A-D方法进行拟合优度检验,建立最优概率分布模型,再基于降水概率分位数法定量化设计夏玉米各级旱涝的降水阈值R,并验证指标的合理性。结果表明:(1)淮河上游地区夏玉米抽雄-成熟生育时段及前一旬降水量对夏玉米产量影响显著;(2)各站点夏玉米生长降水关键期内降水序列的最优概率分布模型差异明显;(3) 11个站点夏玉米各级旱涝灾害的降水阈值地区差异较大,利用泰森多边形法确定整个淮河上游地区夏玉米生长降水关键期内旱涝致灾降水阈值分别是:重旱R73 mm,旱73 mm≤R138 mm,正常138 mm≤R337 mm,涝337 mm≤R475 mm,重涝R≥475 mm。 相似文献
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基于低频振荡特征的夏季江淮持续性降水延伸期预报方法 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本文利用1981~2008年我国南方地区200站逐日降水量、NCEP再分析资料和NCEP气候预报系统 (CFS) 的模式回算数据, 针对降水低频信号, 分析了江淮地区夏季降水的延伸期可预报性, 并选取对江淮持续性强降水有显著影响的东亚环流指数作为预报因子, 以降水20~50天低频分量作为预报量, 进行了针对江淮地区夏季持续性强降水过程的延伸期预报试验。结果表明, 江淮地区夏季降水具有明显的20~50天周期的低频振荡特征。降水的20~50天低频振荡, 尤其是峰谷值位相的变化与实际降水集中期和中断期的交替有较好的关系, 研究20~50天降水低频分量的延伸预报, 对于江淮地区夏季持续性强降水过程的延伸预报有一定的指示意义。本文尝试提出一种基于大气环流低频信号和数值模式预报产品的动力与统计相结合的预报方法, 以期为江淮地区夏季持续性降水过程的延伸期预报提供参考。 相似文献
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我县夏玉米的产量较高,但是不稳。据调查分析,夏玉米产量不稳的原因是气候问题,而其中最主要的是由于夏季降水不匀,发生早涝灾害造成的。 夏玉米从播种到成熟需水的规律是:播种时需水较多些,以利于出苗;到苗期(从出苗到拔节前)需水要少些,有利于蹲苗,在抽雄前15天到开花是玉米生长最旺盛的时 相似文献
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李迎春 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(5):37-37
2003年，气象条件对春玉米生长发育利大于弊。有利方面主要表现在：①苗期及拔节生长前后光热充足，气象条件有利于生长发育，玉米的生长发育速度较快。②农田底墒较好，玉米需水关键期降水较充沛，南疆灌溉用水有保证。③抽雄和开花吐丝期间，大部春玉米区无日最高气温≥35℃的高温天气， 相似文献
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高俊灵 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2001,24(4):42-42
1 春玉米2000年春玉米生长期总的农业气象条件有利于春玉米的生长发育，这主要表现在：①春季气温回升稳定，光热充足有利于玉米的播种及苗期生长。②玉米需水关键期大部地区降水较多。③抽雄开花期没有过多的≥35℃的高温天气，对玉米的开花授粉没有造成大的影响。④光热条件好，播种至成熟≥10℃积温为2726～3368℃·d，各地均比常年偏多70～464℃·d。1.1 幼苗生长期（播种—拔节）4月中旬南北疆春玉米开始陆续播种，播种期间全疆春玉米区光照充足，气温偏高2～5℃，气象条件有利于春玉米的播种。月底全疆春玉米区除哈密外，其余已全部播… 相似文献
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任水莲 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1997,20(5):54-55
1春玉米IM年春玉米生长期的农业气象条件有利于春玉米的生长发育。主要表现在：①虽大部地区春玉米播期比常年与1995年偏晚10天左右，但播种后出苗均一，无“大小苗”现象。②光热条件北疆较好，播种至成熟≥10℃积温2500－3300℃，除博乐、新源比常年偏少50－110CC外，其余地区偏多ed－l3（）。南疆热量条件较差，但能基本满足生长发育的要求。播种至成熟Z10℃积温焉看、拜城比常年偏少120－150℃，其余地区偏少50CC左右。③水分条件很好，尤其是需水关键期雨水及灌溉用水充沛，且无较重灾害发生。因此，全疆春玉米又获丰收。1．1幼苗生… 相似文献
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基于若尔盖地区天然牧草1983～2013年生育期观测资料和近50年地面气象观测资料,通过趋势分析、相关分析、M-K突变检验和积分回归等数学方法分析了研究区气候变化特征及其对天然牧草高原早熟禾生育期的影响,以揭示若尔盖湿地天然牧草生育期对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明:(1)研究区年降水量有微弱下降趋势,牧草生长关键期5～9月有效降水日数下降趋势最为显著;年均气温、最高气温、最低气温升高趋势显著;牧草生长季4～9月逐月积温有显著增加的趋势;草地干燥指数以0.0256/10a的速率上升,1990s中期后暖干化加剧。(2)2000s牧草返青期、分蘖期、抽穗期较1980s提前,开花期较1990s延后了4天、黄枯期较1980s提前了12天,较1990s延迟了9天、生长期较1980s减少了20天,较1990s增加了8天。(3)3月≥0℃积温、4月和6月≥3℃积温的显著增加,导致了牧草返青期、分蘖期、抽穗期提前;除返青期外有效降水日数越多,生育期越提前,反之亦然;(4)牧草生长期对平均温度、气温日较差、有效降水日数等气象因子敏感;在牧草生长关键期7月不出现干旱或干旱程度较轻的情况下,气候变暖将导致生长期延长。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献