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AREM模式对0604、0605号台风的预报分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星资料已大量应用于数值天气预报,占据了所用观测资料的主体并对数值天气预报效果的改善具有明显的作用.目前卫星资料的同化应用一方面在努力解决受地表辐射、云和降水影响的卫星观测资料的同化问题,以充分利用现有卫星资料并发挥其效能,同时发展适应伴随全球观测系统建立而带来大数量和多种类新类型卫星资料的同化应用.文章介绍了为满足卫星资料在数值天气预报中同化应用现状与发展而建立的两个卫星资料同化研究中心(JCSDA:Joint Center of Satellite Data Assimilation和NWP SAF:Satellite Applications Facility for Numerical Weather Prediction)的基本情况,并简要讨论我国数值天气预报中卫星资料同化应用. 相似文献
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受云和降水影响卫星资料在数值天气预报中的同化应用对于进一步改善数值预报效果具有重要作用, 这部分工作的开展要求快速辐射传输模式中能够较好地考虑各种水物质的辐射效应。使用美国卫星资料同化联合中心新近开发的快速辐射传输模式CRTM, 通过中尺度数值模式WRF的预报输出提供水物质输入, 分析水物质辐射效应对云雨区卫星微波观测模拟计算的影响。在WRF模式预报水物质的分布和天气系统配置合理并符合云物理基本特征的前提下, 水物质辐射效应的考虑极大改善了卫星观测模拟的效果。结合卫星各通道探测特性, 进一步分析各种水物质粒子对NOAA-16 AMSU A/B各通道卫星亮温模拟的影响和物理机理, 定量统计各类水物质对各卫星观测通道亮温计算偏差和偏差贡献的权重大小。分析结果表明:快速辐射传输模式中, 考虑水物质辐射效应为数值天气预报中云雨区卫星资料的同化应用提供了必需的基础条件。 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2021,(3)
开发、维护和使用新的天基观测系统非常昂贵,并且从仪器发展和配置的完成到业务应用通常有明显的时间延迟(6～12个月)。因此需要事先对现有和未来观测系统的影响和应用技术进行定量评估,以优化包括仪器指标确定、轨道选取、星座布局和数值天气预报(Numerical Weather Prediction-NWP)等应用。观测系统模拟试验(Observing System Simulation Experiments,OSSEs)是一种敏感性试验,旨在回答新的观测系统或是对旧观测系统的重新部署带来的影响和价值的问题,通常指在数值天气预报和气候预测中的影响。OSSEs还为在数值天气预报中应用新的数据类型以及优化已有数据类型提供支撑。数值天气预报模式和卫星资料同化系统的快速发展(例如全天侯、全地表覆盖资料的同化等)以及未来大量的新型观测系统的部署(例如静止卫星上的红外高光谱及微波大气探测仪等)对OSSEs试验的同步发展带来挑战和机遇。未来的OSSE试验采用更高时空分辨率分析场、耦合系统分析场等来模拟更加逼近真实状态的自然场景(Nature Run,NR),并采用更先进的辐射传输模式和同化系统来进行观测系统的模拟和影响试验等。同时基于数值天气预报模式的OSSEs将拓展到短时临近OSSEs,气候OSSEs等多种形式的观测和模拟评估系统。 相似文献
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概要介绍最近5年在国家科技攻关项目“中国气象数值预报系统科技创新研究”框架内所取得的主要成果，重点是卫星等遥感资料在变分同化中的应用，高分辨非静力数值预报模式的发展，全球资料同化与中期数值天气预报系统的发展，数值天气预报系统的模块化与并行计算，数值天气预报新技术的研究等，并扼要介绍我国新一代数值天气预报系统的业务应用试验。最后，对我国数值天气预报的进一步发展做了讨论。 相似文献
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气象卫星资料同化的科学问题与前景 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从数值天气预报资料同化的角度,分析了气象卫星观测与常规气象观测的不同特点形成了卫星资料同化的特殊科学问题.由于各类星载遥感仪器所观测到的是一定波长的电磁辐射,不能像传统的直接观测资料一样被预报模式直接应用.又由于卫星观测对象是整个大气层,而不是特定高度的大气,因此确定卫星观测影响的高度和它的潜在垂直分辨率成为一个关键问题.卫星观测还可能存在着系统性的偏差,这与直接观测的误差互相独立也有很大区别.资料同化通常建立在模式预报(即背景信息)与观测量的比较的基础上,为了实现同化,需要将模式的基本大气变量转换成星载仪器所获得的特定波长的电磁波特征量,或者将观测到的电磁辐射特征量反算成大气的特征量.前者需要引入复杂的观测算子,后者则将复杂的反演过程交给了前处理阶段.这就形成了直接与间接同化卫星资料的两种不同策略,策略的选择取决于同化系统处理复杂观测资料的能力,对同化效果有决定性的影响.逐个分析了目前用于数值预报的5种卫星观测资料,即星载大气垂直探测器资料、大气运动矢量资料、散射仪海面风资料、卫星观测的云与降水信息资料与GPS掩星观测资料的同化的进展与有待解决的主要问题,概述了中国近年在大气垂直探测器等卫星资料同化中的研究进展及其业务应用的效果,并提出了今后需要予以特别关注的研究方向. 相似文献
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水物质辐射效应对卫星观测模拟误差的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
受云和降水影响的卫星资料在数值天气预报中的同化应用,对于进一步改善数值预报效果具有重要的作用,这部分工作的开展要求在快速辐射传输模式中能够较好地考虑各种水物质的辐射效应。使用美国卫星资料同化联合中心新近开发的快速辐射传输模式CRTM,通过中尺度数值模式WRF的预报输出提供其水物质输入,试验分析了快速辐射传输模式中水物质效应对卫星观测模拟计算的影响。在WRF模式预报水物质分布与天气系统配置合理并符合云物理基本特征的基础上,水物质辐射效应的考虑极大地改善了卫星观测模拟的效果。结合卫星各通道探测特性,进一步分析了各种水物质粒子对NOAA16AMSUA／B各通道卫星亮温模拟的影响和物理机理,定量统计了各类水物质对各卫星观测通道亮温计算偏差和水物质对各通道偏差贡献的权重大小。分析结果表明,快速辐射传输模式中水物质效应的考虑为数值天气预报中云雨区卫星资料的同化应用提供了必需的基础条件。 相似文献
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AMSU微波探测资料同化的质量控制方法概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微波相比红外、可见光等卫星探测方式有能够穿透薄云的优点,同化微波探测资料能明显改进数值预报模式初始场。由于观测算子在云、降水粒子及性质复杂下垫面等因素影响下模拟辐射传输过程不准确,以及资料的观测误差较大等原因,实际同化应用时必须对微波探测资料加以认真筛选。为充分发挥探测资料作用并保证同化分析效果,在同化AMSU微波探测的研究中,很多机构和学者建立了散射指数、降水检测等质量控制方法,用来剔除观测算子不能准确模拟的观测。研究表明,资料同化过程中引入质量控制能起到改善同化效果,提高数值天气预报准确率的作用。但是,对于各种质量控制方法的原理和使用条件目前尚无完整的分析,使得各业务研究单位使用的质量控制方案差别较大。文章针对AMSU微波探测资料同化,在分析同化误差来源的基础上,总结了散射指数、降水概率、下垫面类型检测等质量控制方法,并简单讨论了质量控制的发展方向。 相似文献
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为加强国内卫星资料在同化系统中的应用,在自主构建的新一代WRF-EnSRF同化系统中,采用RTTOV辐射传输模式作为观测算子,并建立卫星资料读取、偏差订正及质量控制等子模块,构建出WRF-EnSRF卫星资料同化系统.运用该同化系统,同时同化NOAA-16的AMSU-A和AMSU-B的辐射率资料,进行华南暴雨过程的卫星资料同化数值模拟试验.试验结果表明:偏差订正后亮温资料拟合结果基本位于主对角线上,偏差有所降低.从TS评分看,同化试验对中雨及大雨部分的降水落区以及暴雨级别以上的降水强度的模拟效果有改善.试验证明,建立的卫星同化系统是可运行的. 相似文献
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中国数值天气预报的自主创新发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数值天气预报是天气预报业务和防灾、减灾的核心科技。中国数值天气预报研究和业务应用一直受到高度重视,在理论、方法和数值模式研究方面取得了有广泛国际影响的研究成果。在回顾新中国数值天气预报自主创新研究成果的基础上,重点对GRAPES（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）半隐式半拉格朗日格点模式与物理过程的研发和业务应用的状况以及所取得的重要科学进展进行了综述。近年来,通过自主研发建立了中国数值天气预报业务体系—GRAPES体系。首次以自主技术实现了从区域3—10 km到全球25—50 km分辨率的确定性预报和集合预报系统,并在模式动力框架、四维变分同化和卫星资料同化技术等方面有所突破,建立了大气化学数值天气预报、台风数值预报和海浪预报等系统。自主研发的数值天气预报体系的建立是长期坚持既定科学技术方向以及研究和业务紧密结合、经验不断积累的结果,是中国自主发展数值天气预报技术的重要起点。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献