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利用2007—2015年北京市大兴观象台、28个道面自动气象站、部分区域自动气象站等多种台站观测资料分析了2007—2015年北京地区能见度的时空变化特征。结果表明:2007—2015年北京地区春季平均能见度最高、夏季平均能见度最低,夏季及年平均能见度呈显著增加的趋势,春季和秋季能见度均呈波动增加,冬季颗粒物浓度的显著增加致使北京地区冬季能见度下降的时段集中在2011—2014年;空间上,北京西北地区能见度明显高于中心城区和东南大部地区。秋季和冬季能见度的空间分布特征与年平均能见度的分布特征较一致,表现为能见度自西北向东南方向逐渐递减;与能见度相关性最高的为相对湿度、颗粒物浓度、风向及风速,但不同要素在月、季和年尺度上的相关性差别较大;根据天气现象统计表明,近10 a来北京地区雾、霾、沙尘日均呈增加的趋势,但是山区与城区气象站点低能见度事件的发生频次存在较大的差异。整体来看,小于10 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以增加为主,而小于1 km能见度事件的发生频次在全区以减少为主。此外,近10 a来北京地区干霾的发生频率为44. 29%,湿霾的发生频率为7. 13%,低能见度事件多由干霾造成,但湿霾发生时,能见度恶化的更明显。 相似文献
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利用全国664站1961—2012年逐日霾观测资料、降水量、平均风速和最大风速资料,分析中国霾日数变化特征及其气候成因。结果表明：我国年霾日数分布呈明显东多西少特征,中东部大部地区年霾日数在5～30 d,部分地区超过30 d,西部地区基本在5 d以下。霾日数主要集中在冬半年,冬季最多,秋季和春季次之,夏季最少,12月是霾日数最多的月份,约占全年霾日数的2成。我国中东部地区冬半年平均霾日数呈显著的增加趋势（1.7 d/10a）,霾日数显著增加时段主要在1960年代、1970年代和21世纪初,在1970年代初和21世纪初发生了明显均值突变。从区域分布来看,华南、长江中下游、华北等地霾日数呈增加趋势,而东北、西北东部、西南东部霾日数呈减少趋势。持续性霾过程增加,持续时间越长的霾过程比持续时间短的霾过程增加更为明显。不利的气候条件加剧了霾的出现。霾日数与降水日数在中东部地区基本以负相关为主,中东部冬半年降水日数呈减少趋势（-4 d/10a）,表明降水日数的减少导致大气对污染物的沉降能力减弱。另一方面,霾日数与平均风速和大风日数以负相关为主,而与静风日数则以正相关为主,冬半年平均风速和大风日数减小,静风日数增加,表明风速减小导致空气中污染物不易扩散,从而更易形成霾天气。 相似文献
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利用1961-2010年四川盆地122个气象站观测资料,分析四川盆地年平均霾日数时空分布特征及霾日数季节和年变化趋势。探讨近50 a四川盆地大气干消光系数、风速、能源消耗和人口等因素与霾日数之间的关系。结果表明：1961-2010年四川盆地122个站年平均霾日数为62.5 d,最多的站可达100.0 d以上。霾日数有明显季节变化,四川盆地冬季霾日数最多（28.4 d）,春、秋季次之,夏季最少（5.9 d）。四川盆地有104个站霾日数年变化呈增加的趋势,其中有71个站通过了置信度99 %的检验,霾日数增加最多的是四川省内江地区的戚远,气候倾向率为42.0 d/10 a;霾日数增加最少的是成都市的新都,气候倾向率为0.4 d/10 a。四川盆地有18个站霾日数年变化呈下降趋势,仅7个站点通过了置信度99 %的信度检验,霾日数减少最多的是四川北部广元地区的南江,气候倾向率为-16.7 d/10 a。霾日数的年变化与大气干消光系数呈显著正相关,与风速呈显著负相关,与四川盆地的能源消耗和人口增长呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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以南京市1954—2012年的逐日气象数据分析南京市灰霾天的长时间变化规律并从气候角度探讨其变化原因。南京市的霾日数近60 a来呈现明显上升趋势,从20世纪50年代的40 d/a已增加至21世纪的230 d/a左右,气象行业标准界定的霾日与人工观测的霾日长期变化趋势一致,前者在南京市具有较好的适用性。南京市雾霾混合日呈现出先增加后下降的趋势,其对应的相对湿度在不断降低,这可能是雾霾日向霾日转换,雾霾日数降低而霾日数增多的关键因素。南京地区能见度不断降低,近30 a里约下降8.4 km,霾日数与能见度相关系数高达-0.91,随着能见度的降低,灰霾天数几乎线性增加。南京地区的年平均相对湿度在1985年以后大幅降低,已从约80%下降至68%左右,湿度与霾日的相关系数为-0.72,随着湿度的降低,霾日呈上升趋势。南京年平均温度1985年后明显上升,升高了1.8℃,其中冬季上升幅度最大,夏季上升幅度最小;年均温度与霾日数呈现出明显正相关,和相对湿度呈现明显负相关,温度的升高将造成相对湿度的降低,进而造成霾日增多。南京的年平均风速1978年后不断降低,到20世纪末约降低1.5 m/s,风速与霾日呈现出显著的负相关,随着平均风速的降低,霾日数不断增多。在全球变暖的大气候背景下,南京市霾的长时间变化受到各种气候因子的影响,能见度、相对湿度、温度和风速都是重要的影响因素。 相似文献
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1961-2009年三江源地区气候变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961—2009年气温、年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等资料,分析了该地区年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等气候要素的变化趋势。研究表明:近49年来三江源年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均在升高,升高速率平均最低气温明显大于平均气温和平均最高气温,年平均气温的升高主要是由最低平均气温升高引起的;三江源年和四季降水量均呈增多趋势,冬、春季降水量增幅最明显,年降水量变化的空间分布北部增多而东南部减少,年降水量除20世纪70年代—21世纪初均呈增加趋势;年和冬、春季≥0.1mm降水日数增加,而夏秋季降水日数减少;年和冬、夏、秋季潜在蒸散量呈显著性增加趋势,春季变化则不明显;年和四季平均风速均呈显著下降趋势;年和四季日照时数变化不显著。 相似文献
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根据广东省86个气象站1961—2014年气象资料,采用日均相对湿度和能见度标准,以及线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,研究了广东省霾日的时空分布特征。结果表明:1961—2014年广东平均年霾日以1.2 d/年的速率明显增加。20世纪60、70年代霾日较少,80年代开始波动增加,2003年后上升尤为明显,2007年达到最高。霾日冬季最多,1月和12月的霾日数占全年总数的28%,夏季最少,尤其是7月份,仅为全年总数的1.9%。广东省霾日在1985年左右发生突变性增加。全省霾日及其变化速率空间分布比较一致,霾日高值区、增加速率较大的地区主要集中在珠江三角洲,霾日低值区、增加速率较小的地区主要分布在广东西南部和东部大部分地区。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、大气成分资料对2013年桂林市几次中度霾过程的气象条件及其它有利因素进行初步分析.结果表明:2013年中度霾过程主要分为南风型和北风型,两种型近地层都具有相对湿度较大,层结较稳定的特点,南风型还具有低层风速小的特征,而北风型风速大须配合上游有明显的污染源输送才能造成城市中度霾,桂林城市改造如修路建桥、房屋拆迁新建等造成的尘埃是空气污染物的主要成分,也是北风型霾的主要污染源,而机动车辆猛增多以及城市快速扩大造成的空气流通性差也直接导致污染物排放日益增加、悬浮物扩散越来越慢,从而使空气能见度降低,中度霾出现频率增大. 相似文献
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对1980～2014年中国中东部地区324个台站的持续性霾天气的时空变化和相关气象影响因子进行分析，结果表明:中东部地区年平均持续性霾事件和其在所有霾事件的贡献比例逐年增加，增长率分别为0.79 (10 a)-1和2.7% (10 a)-1。主要表现为3个大值区:华北平原地区（包括山西省、京津冀地区）、长江三角洲和四川盆地东部，增加最显著的区域位于黄淮地区，增长率分别为6.3 (10 a)-1、13.95 d (10 a)-1。1月是持续性霾事件的高发月，月均2.56 d。夏季和秋季持续性霾事件增加最为明显，增长率分别为0.38 (10 a)-1和0.46 (10 a)-1。不利的气象条件，如静风日数的增加，风速和大风日数的减少，以及不利的环流形势，如东亚冬季风的减弱，都可能造成持续性霾天气的增加和异常维持。 相似文献
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根据湛江市6个地面观测站1961—2014年的气象资料,采用日均UV法(U为相对湿度,V为能见度)、线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、小波分析等方法,研究了湛江市霾日的时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2014年湛江市年平均霾日10.4 d,年霾日以每年0.5 d的速率显著增加。20世纪60年代和90年代霾日较少,20世纪80年代和21世纪霾日较多。冬季最多,1和12月的霾日之和占全年的39.4%;春季、夏季霾日较少,5—8月霾日之和仅占全年的5.8%。湛江市霾日在1977年左右发生突变性增加。霾日在20世纪80年代具有显著的2~4年周期,2000年以来具有3~5年的显著周期。霾日及其增加速率高值区集中在湛江城区、吴川、廉江;低值区集中在遂溪、雷州、徐闻。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献