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四年来,北方暴雨预报科研工作取得的进展主要有五个方面: 1.建立了各省市的暴雨预报流程和北方暴雨预报流程。实现了天气-统计-动力方法相结合,使暴雨预报研究成果向综合运用和业务化迈进一步。 2.各省市普遍建立了本地区的暴雨预报专家系统,在业务使用中初见成效。 3.大多数省市开展了暴雨短时预报业务,同时取得一批科研成果,为这项业务工作深入开展提供了技术方法。 4.在业务中应用了中尺度滤波等诊断分析方法;充实了北方暴雨形成的物理图象和概念模式;用细网格模式对暴雨个例的试报也取得了成效。 5.最近四年区域性暴雨预报准确率明显提高。1980—1982年平均为41％,1983—1986年平均为59%,预报服务比较成功,起到抗旱防洪的保证作用。 相似文献
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暴雨是影响我们国家最重要的灾害性天气之一,暴雨预报既是业务中的关键点也是难点。本文论述了目前中央气象台的暴雨预报业务已经由基于天气学、统计学等在天气图分析的基础上进行主观外推的传统预报向基于数值预报的现代天气预报发展,强调了暴雨预报的科学问题是从预报实践中提炼出来的,而不是从参考文献中找出来的,突出了预报员是暴雨科学问题的提出者和解决实际问题的第一参与者,阐明了预报与服务工作紧密结合是中国特色气象事业的重要组成部分,充分肯定了中央气象台和中国气象局暴雨研究所等科研单位在暴雨预报、研究和我国应对突发自然灾害中发挥的重要作用,明确了暴雨等灾害天气的预报是以服务人民、社会、经济发展和国家安全为最终目标。并从预报员科学研究与实践能力的培养和提高、多源观测资料应用、区域中尺度数值预报模式和集合预报技术的发展及订正能力的提高、人工智能技术的应用等几个方面对如何提高暴雨预报准确率提出一些思考。 相似文献
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基于模糊聚类分型的数值产品暴雨预报释用方法 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
本文阐述了一种基于数值产品的预报信息场的暴雨预报释用方法,提出了对暴雨历史样本形势场使用模糊聚类的客观分型技术,用条件概率让小概率事件成为相对的大概率,更有利于暴雨指标的提炼;该释用方法包含的信息量全面,以历史暴雨样本同期的包含大气三维空间压、温、湿、风及其释演的物理量,构建出25个数值产品参数指标作为鉴别暴雨的基础,同时也勾划出各暴雨型发生期大气高温、高湿、对流不稳定等机理结构特征,且均有具体物理量数据表述.预报方法的研究过程中探索了某些物理量场预报暴雨落区的规律;建立了暴雨预报工具,充分利用了现有业务中的质量较好的预报产品设立预报工具的起报条件,减少了暴雨空报率. 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2014,(2)
长江中游地区是暴雨多发区和重灾区,深入认识该区域暴雨形成的中、小尺度天气系统、分析暴雨发生机理与发展暴雨、洪水预报技术,对于我国防洪减灾具有重要意义。针对长江中游区域暴雨从观测到资料分析、机理研究,再到数值预报与水文应用研究,重点从暴雨外场观测试验及资料反演和中尺度资料融合技术、长江中游暴雨MCS(中尺度对流系统)观测分析和理论研究、中尺度暴雨数值模式研究和长江中游水文气象耦合的暴雨洪水预报系统四个方面介绍了2000年以来我国科研业务单位的主要研究进展,并对制约长江中游区域暴雨研究深入与预报水平提高的主要问题进行了简要讨论,对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用PP法的思路,在对T_(42)预报的部分物理量和实况物理量场的诊断分析的基础上,建立6—7月江苏中期暴雨诊断分析业务系统,为1995年T_(63)中期模式的设入应用作好技术准备.1 T_(42)中期暴雨诊断分析预报模式1.1 T_(42)中期暴雨的诊断分析利用T_(42)预报的11个暴雨日的850hpa和700hpa,北纬25度至北纬40度、东经110度至东经125度,2.5×2.5网格,49个格点的东西风和南北风分量,进行全风速计算;结合预报的比湿、涡度、垂直速度等物理量进行暴雨诊断分析,将江苏暴雨的物理图象模式归纳如下: 相似文献
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通过对博州40a 4～9月份近200个局地暴雨和冰雹天气个例进行了综合分析研究,依据局地暴雨和冰雹天气过程发生、发展过程中大气能量的积累、转换和爆发的规律.建立了一套紧扣能量转换"力-功-能"原理的"天文动力结构分析-天气学高、温、压、湿变量场分析-静力能量场定量指标客观分析"强对流预报方法和技术流程.通过近两年的业务试用,博州局地暴雨的预报水平明显提高. 相似文献
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１９９４年６—８月中央气象台暴雨预报检验林明智，毕宝贵，乔林（国家气象中心北京，１０００８１）１前它近年来，我国气象工作者对暴雨预报方法和暴雨预报评估技术研究取得一些进展［１－３］，在暴雨预报评估方面提出了划分三个评估等级（暴雨过程预报、落区预报和落... 相似文献
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通过对万州区龙宝气象站1980～2005年188个暴雨个例资料的分析,将产生暴雨的天气形势划分为若干环流型,主要着眼于影响暴雨的物理量,筛选出预报指标和预报因子,使用统计预报方法,根据天气环流形势的分型,分别组建了5、6、7、8、9月及4月和10月的各月份每种环流型未来36小时万州区大到暴雨以上各暴雨量级预报方程.预报检验表明该预报方法是可信的,同时也表明客观划分环流型、筛选预报因子、恰当确定各暴雨量级与预报因子标准等级是预报方法的关键. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献