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1.
MIGFA阵风锋识别算法改进与检验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据南京CINRAD/SA天气雷达探测的江苏沿江地区阵风锋回波特征,对MIGFA(Machine Intelligence Gust Front Algorithm)阵风锋识别算法进行改进:在考虑平滑算法使用和低仰角数据融合的基础上,根据阵风锋回波特征,改进了0.5°反射率阵风锋细线函数模板,设计了较高仰角(1.5°/2.4°)反射率阵风锋细线函数模板,引入1.5°和2.4°双层反射率阵风锋细线函数模板替代原空间差分反射率函数模板。考虑阵风锋特征与距离测站的关系,设计了动态权重函数组合多组得分值,从而有效识别阵风锋回波。在此基础上通过弧度判断和阵风锋回波平坦度测试的方式,进一步降低虚警率。最后利用2009年6月14日南京雷达阵风锋个例进行效果识别,并采用临界成功指数对南京雷达120个阵风锋样本进行效果评估。结果表明:改进的MIGFA法识别效果良好,将临界成功指数从0.39提高至0.60,引入降低虚警率的做法使得虚假警报率从0.34降至0.16。 相似文献
2.
利用CINRAD/SA雷达探测资料,结合地面实况和探空资料,对7次典型中尺度辐合线触发强对流风暴的特征进行了分析。结果表明：阵风锋、海风锋和冷锋等边界层辐合线在一定条件下雷达低层反射率因子产品上表现为清晰的窄带回波,某些辐合线在反射率因子产品上不能得到任何有用信息,但在低层径向速度上可识别出线性径向速度辐合;识别出窄带回波或清晰的径向辐合线约1 h后,是雷暴首次触发的主要时间段;对于干型强对流风暴产生的阵风锋,其右侧往往是雷暴触发的主要区域,导致风暴右向传播;湿型强对流风暴产生的阵风锋,激发雷暴的方向与雷暴平均移动方向基本相反,导致风暴呈后向传播特征;海风锋向内陆推进速度快的区域是雷暴触发的主要区域,后继雷暴具有两侧传播特征;单纯的线性低层径向速度辐合在合适的环境条件下触发强对流,主要特征是对流风暴移动缓慢,可造成局地灾害性强降雨天气。 相似文献
3.
阵风锋在短时大风预报中的应用 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
应用石家庄及周边县（市）风自记、多普勒雷达等短时高频资料，对2005年5—8月石家庄出现的短时大风及其与阵风锋、对流降水关系进行统计，侧重分析了2005年6月17日强对流性雷雨云外围产生的阵风锋造成的雷雨大风过程。结果表明：阵风锋在雷达反射率因子图上表现为强对流回波前方近地层的条状或孤状弱窄带回波；在径向速度图上表现为风向、风速急剧变化的辐合带区域；速度图中的风辐合最强处与强度图中阵风锋回波位置相符，并且与风速演变曲线中的峰值有很好对应；阵风锋移向和移速提前预示了主体对流回波传播方向、强对流天气的强弱以及短时大风的时空分布，从而为灾害性天气的短时及临近预报提供参考依据。 相似文献
4.
我国阵风锋类型与产生机制分析及其主观识别方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文章总结了近些年我国学者对阵风锋所开展的相关研究,阐明了阵风锋的空间结构、类型及其特征,探讨了阵风锋窄带回波的形成机制,提出了阵风锋的主观识别方法,结果表明:从雷达探测资料分析,可将阵风锋分为两类,一类是雷暴母体静止型阵风锋,一类是雷暴母体运动型阵风锋,而前者还可以进一步分为两个子类型。阵风锋类型不同,阵风锋对雷暴母体的反馈作用也截然不同。阵风锋窄带回波的形成可概括为两种机制:第一种是大气折射指数梯度脉动导致的布拉格散射(Bragg Scattering),第二种是由昆虫对雷达波的粒子散射(Particle Scattering)导致。利用阵风锋雷达强度和径向速度回波特征,可以识别阵风锋的位置和范围,并对其外推做出预报。由于阵风锋是低层大气现象,所以需要应用较低仰角的雷达资料来识别。利用阵风锋雷达回波特征,配合气象卫星高分辨率可见光云图上呈现的中尺度对流云团和弧状云线的变化,结合地面中尺度观测网资料,可以综合识别阵风锋的形成、发展和消散。 相似文献
5.
提出基于数字图像处理技术中的数学形态学的阵风锋自动识别算法。该算法首先基于阵风锋的反射率因子窄带形态、速度辐合和快速移动特征,计算相邻时次体扫反射率因子差、速度切变和速度梯度这3个参量场,综合这3个参量场,得到一个二维特征量;然后采用数学形态学算法对这个二维特征量进行二值化、膨胀、腐蚀、细化、剪枝及线段联通等处理,得到一条反映阵风锋骨架特征的曲线。利用武汉雷达观测的2个阵风锋过程的共53个体扫数据进行阵风锋识别算法检验,结果表明:该算法正确识别阵风锋39个,错误识别3个,漏识别11个;识别曲线与阵风锋位置和走向较为一致。 相似文献
6.
多普勒天气雷达在阵风锋监测中的应用 总被引：6，自引：8，他引：6
本文利用多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)及常规资料,对2004年5月22日发生在江苏东北部的一次阵风锋天气现象进行了详细分析。阐述了阵风锋的反射率因子和多普勒径向速度特征,如回波强度、宽度、成因及冷锋过境前后的速度场特征等。并且探讨了阵风锋在短时预报中的应用。 相似文献
7.
根据阵风锋的回波特征, 该文设计了阵风锋自动识别算法。在速度场中,考虑辐合线识别;在强度场中,考虑窄带回波识别;根据窄带与辐合线的空间一致性,综合二者识别出阵风锋。基于该算法,以锋线闪烁和物理量输出两种方式实现了预警功能。最后利用地面自动气象站资料和2009年6月3日河南商丘、郑州及2009年6月5日安徽阜阳3个雷达站探测的阵风锋98个体扫样本资料检验了识别效果,并采用临界成功指数进行评估。结果表明:双向梯度法能有效滤除大范围降水回波而保留窄带回波;该算法只需考虑较低仰角层,大大提高识别效率。在速度场中采用的算法能有效识别出径向辐合线,同时也适用于低空径向风切变和辐合线的识别;利用临界成功指数对98个体扫样本进行识别率评估,识别率达到68.4%。 相似文献
8.
利用西安多普勒雷达观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和自动气象站资料,对2016年6月4日发生在咸阳机场附近的一次阵风锋天气展开研究。这次过程是由蒙古低涡主导,低涡后部的冷空气南下触发对流引起的,阵风锋过境时咸阳机场产生了2.2mm降水和19.7m·s^(-1)的大风天气,多架次航班受到影响。从雷达回波的分析发现,这次阵风锋的特征表现为,生命史2h左右,回波强度5~25dBz,长度约70km,平均移速达49.7km·h^(-1),伴有明显的窄带回波和辐合线。对雷达基数据进行质量控制后,设计了自动识别软件,在强度场上利用双向梯度算法,以及速度场上使用Shear参量算法,根据窄带回波和辐合线的空间一致性,对该阵风锋的位置和强度进行识别。最后利用临界成功指数对这个软件进行评估,本次阵风锋的识别率达到83.33%,表明该软件能够识别阵风锋,可在业务中使用。 相似文献
9.
阵风锋作为强对流的冷性出流特征,是重要的边界层辐合系统,对其自动监测识别一直是日常气象业务中的难点,该文基于深度卷积神经网络设计了阵风锋的自动识别算法。通过对输入和输出端的重新设计,在Faster RCNN算法和Inception V2网络模型的基础上实现了通过雷达回波数据对阵风锋窄带回波实现端到端自动识别。利用雷达数据绕雷达中心旋转不变性特点,增加了数据样本,降低了需提取特征的复杂度。利用2007—2011年南京雷达数据,对该模型进行了20万步的训练,总损失函数值收敛到0.003。对识别效果的分析表明,在训练样本中识别率100%,漏识率0%,准确率87%。通过对合肥雷达2009年6月5日阵风锋天气过程的32个体扫进行模型泛化能力评估,得到识别率91.7%,漏识率8.3%,正确率73.3%。 相似文献
10.
利用高空、地面天气图,宝鸡多普勒雷达资料统计分析了关中地区7例阵风锋天气成因及雷达回波特征。分析表明:西北气流携带的中空干冷平流是强对流发生的有利条件,地面干线是强对流的触发系统,地面气温35℃以上高温且湿度20%～35%是阵风锋发生的有利环境。雷达回波上,阵风锋从初生、发展、加强到减弱的生命史为1～3 h,与雷暴回波由强(≥55 dBz)减弱(≤30 dBz)的过程一致。阵风锋移动速度与雷暴径向速度有直接关系,雷暴出流快速达到最大(17 m/s)时,阵风锋发展达到强盛时段,其强度、长度达到最大;阵风锋移动方向与雷暴移动方向大体一致,呈西北—东南向;少数与主体风暴移向垂直,为东北—西南向。阵风锋在1.5°仰角出现最早,关注识别1.5°仰角阵风锋窄带回波前兆可为发布大风预警提供依据。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献