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1.
北京地区降水空间分布及城市效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971-2010年北京地区20个测站降水资料和城市发展数据,分析了北京地区降水的大尺度变化趋势及局地降水的城市效应特征。结果表明:(1)北京地区年降水量具有大尺度变化特征,其线性倾向率为-9.12 mm·(10a)-1;(2)城市化缓慢期城市对降水影响不明显,而快速发展期则表现出明显的雨岛效应,城市化不仅使雨岛增强,还对城市下风向降水有一定影响;(3)受盛行风及热岛环流的共同影响,北京地区不同季节局地降水表现出不同的分布形态;(4)城市化过程对城区局地强降水日数存在增加效应。 相似文献
2.
利用北京地区1977-2013年18个站点逐小时降水资料,将小时降水分为弱降水（第50百分位值以下）、中等强度降水（第50至90百分位值）以及强降水（第90百分位值以上）3个等级,对北京地区山区、郊区以及城区夏季不同强度等级降水变化特征进行了深入细致的分析。结果表明,北京地区夏季降水量存在显著的减少趋势,这种减少趋势主要是由于弱降水和中等强度降水的显著减少引起的,强降水没有表现出明显的增多或减少趋势;与郊区相比,2004年之后城区的强降水对夏季总降水量的贡献越来越大而弱降水的贡献减小。在降水日变化上,不同地区、不同等级的降水存在差异。弱降水存在清晨和夜间双峰值特征,中等强度和强降水只存在夜间单峰值特征。清晨峰值时刻,山区、郊区和城区弱降水都表现出一致的显著减少趋势;夜间峰值时刻,山区的各等级降水变化不显著,而在2004年之后,城区弱降水少于郊区,强降水则多于郊区。北京地区降水过程不对称性特征（降水过程峰值前后差异性）十分明显,其中以强降水的不对称性最强,相对于郊区和山区来说,城区强降水过程的不对称性有增大的趋势。 相似文献
3.
近50年广东省分级降水的时空分布特征及其变化趋势的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用广东省86个常规气象观测站1961—2010年的逐日降水资料,分析近50年广东省降水气候特征,探讨不同等级降水空间分布及随时间变化特征。结果表明:广东省降水丰沛,年均降水量多为1 500~2 000 mm;降水气候特征的区域差异较大,不同区域降水量与降水日数分布差异显著;各月的降水日数差异没有降水量月分布的差异明显,非汛期的日降水量较小,而汛期降水日数多且日降水量大;小雨日和中雨日的区域差异小,大雨日、暴雨日、大暴雨日的大值中心主要集中在广东省的三大暴雨中心地区 (清远中心、阳江中心、海陆丰中心),雨日量级分布大致由北向南逐渐增强,且随着降水等级的增加降雨日数迅速减少;小雨、中雨和大雨的降水贡献率均由粤北地区向沿海地区递减,暴雨和大暴雨的贡献率由粤北向沿海递增;小雨日数显著减少、大雨以上日数略有增多,总降水日数也呈减少趋势;小雨和中雨的贡献率呈减少趋势,大雨以上贡献率增多,使年均降水量呈增多趋势。 相似文献
4.
利用济南6个气象站1964—2013年的日降水观测资料以及城市发展指标数据,运用线性倾向估计、相关分析等统计方法分析了济南地区降水的时间变化特征,探讨城市化发展对济南降水的影响。结果表明：（1）城区的年平均降水量增加的趋势明显大于郊区;春季和夏季降水量的增加趋势均为城区大于郊区,夏季城区降水的极端性增强,秋冬季城郊之间的变化趋势不明显;（2）降水总日数和小雨日数城区和郊区都表现为减少的趋势,而大雨、暴雨及以上降水日数都表现为增加的趋势,城区比郊区增加的幅度略大,即大雨及以上的降水城区比郊区更容易出现;（3）城市效应对降雨的影响主要表现在大雨和暴雨以上强降水增多。 相似文献
5.
利用热带测雨卫星TRMM搭载的测雨雷达（PR）1998-2012年的观测资料,研究了合肥地区夏季（6、7、8月）不同类型降水的降水强度和频次的水平空间分布、降水垂直结构、日变化特征以及气候变化等特征,揭示了城市化效应造成城市及其周边区域降水特征在时空上的分布差异。研究结果表明,（1）主城区对流和层云降水强度低于周边区域,对流降水频次也低于周边区域,但层云降水频次则相反。可见城市化发展是改变降水的空间分布的因素之一,且对不同的降水类型空间分布影响不同。（2）主城区降水回波信号高度高于周边区域,而降水强度低于周边区域,表明城市效应促进降水云发展而未造成降水强度增强。（3）合肥地区对流和层云降水的强度和频次日循环存在时空分布不均匀性,其中城区的对流降水强度和频次日循环与城市热岛效应日循环具有一致性。总体来看,城市化对局地降水强度影响较大,而对局地降水频次的总体影响不是很明显。（4）通过降水气候变化分析表明,城区两种类型降水强度和频次均呈逐年下降趋势,周边区域降水强度呈不显著上升趋势,降水频次呈逐年下降趋势,其中层云降水频次下降趋势较显著。城市化进程使得城市及其周边区域降水不均匀性逐年增强。极端降水空间分布特征分析表明,城市周边区域强降水频次高于主城区,尤其在城市的下风区高出主城区75%;而周边区域弱降水发生的频次低于主城区,城市下风区最低,低于主城区约18%。 相似文献
6.
采用15个常规气象站1961-2010年逐日降水数据资料,分析了北京地区降水量、降水日数和降水强度的变化趋势,包括年和各季节的总降水量和降水日数,不同降水级别降水量、降水日数和降水强度变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明：在近50年内,北京地区平均年降水量和年降水日数、年降水强度均呈下降趋势;各季节中,夏季的降水量呈明显下降趋势,春季降水日数略有增加,夏季略有减少;降水强度在春季增大和夏季减小趋势明显;小雨雨量变化不明显,中雨雨量呈增加趋势,大雨和暴雨雨量呈明显降低趋势;小雨降雨日数略呈减小趋势,中雨降水日数呈显著增加趋势,大雨和暴雨降水日数呈较明显降低趋势;小雨降水强度略呈上升趋势,而大雨和暴雨的降水强度呈明显的降低趋势。 相似文献
7.
利用1967—2008年青藏高原68个台站逐日降水资料,按照《气象规范》对不同等级降水的定义,对青藏高原汛期（5—9月）不同强度的降水日数进行分析。结果表明：1967—2008年青藏高原汛期总降水日数及各强度降水日数均呈现出由东南向西北递减的空间分布特征,降水总日数和小雨日数以减少趋势为主,最显著的区域位于青藏高原东北和东南部,中雨日数以增加为主,大雨日数变化趋势的区域差异显著。青藏高原汛期各强度降水日数存在明显的年际变化,总降水日数的变化主要受小雨日数影响。汛期降水各旬分布上,各强度降水日数主要集中在夏季（6—8月）,小雨日数越少（多）的旬内其占总降水日数的比例就越大（小）,中雨和大雨日数越少（多）的旬内占总降水日数的比例就越小（大）;小雨和中雨日数均在1978年发生突变,突变前后,青藏高原东南部小雨和中雨日数差异最为明显。 相似文献
8.
北京城市热岛效应对冬夏季降水的影响研究 总被引：35，自引：8，他引：35
利用北京地区20个气象观测站最近30年（1975～2004年）冬季（12～2月）、夏季（6～8月）平均气温、降水量和降水日数资料，研究了城市热岛效应的年代际变化及其对降水的影响。结果表明:（1）最近30年来，北京城区与北部山区之间的温度梯度在明显加大，其中，冬季温度梯度的平均增幅为0.6℃/10 a，夏季约为0.2℃/10 a。（2）在北京城区南北两侧，冬季和夏季的降水日数、降水量的相对变化趋势明显不同:相对区域平均而言，在城区及南部近郊区，冬季降水日数和降水量都在明显增加；夏季，城区北侧的降水日数呈加速增长趋势，尽管南部平原郊区的相对降水日数变化不大，但降水量在相对减少。（3）城市热岛效应对不同季节降水分布的影响，可能是城乡温度梯度与盛行风相互作用的结果，就北京地区而言，地形的存在，强化了城区与北部郊区之间的温度梯度:冬季盛行北风气流，在北部郊区，热岛效应强迫产生的边界层下沉运动有可能造成局地降水天气过程相对减少，城区及其南侧则相反；夏季盛行南风气流，随着城市热岛效应的增强， 发生在北部近郊区的弱降水天气过程趋于增多。 相似文献
9.
2008-2012年南京短时强降水特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2008-2012年南京自动气象观测站逐时降水量的观测资料,分析南京短时强降水的发生规律,包括短时强降水的年变化、月变化、日变化和空间分布等特征。结果表明：2008-2012年南京雨强大于50 mm/h-1的致灾性短时强降水过程的发生次数呈显著增长趋势;短时强降水天气主要出现在6-9月,其中7-8月出现日数最多,雨强最大;春雨期短时强降水最易发生在凌晨,梅雨期短时强降水最易发生在上午和傍晚,台汛期短时强降水最易发生在上午;下半夜-凌晨短时强降水出现次数较少,傍晚前后是短时强降水多发时段;短时强降水天气的空间分布具有明显的城郊差异;城市化效应不能引起城区的局地降雨,但在大尺度天气系统过境时,会使城区的对流活动较郊区更活跃,且城市下风向地区的降水也因此增强。 相似文献
10.
北京降水特征与西太副高关系的若干统计 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
利用北京地区20个测站1975—2004年降水资料,以及国家气候中心定义的西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)各指数资料,对北京地区降水的时空分布特征以及与西太副高的统计特征等进行了分析,结果表明:(1)北京地区降水分布不均匀,降水量大值区主要位于怀柔、平谷等中部山区,呈现东部和南部降水多,西部和北部降水少的分布形势。其夏季降水占年降水量的72.5%,其中,北京东部和南部的降水季节性特征比西部和北部更显著。(2)北京地区各站每年平均大雨以上的降水日数在3~8天之内;北京区域平均年降水量与中雨以上的各量级降水日数都为显著正相关关系,尤其是大雨日数降水的贡献,其次是暴雨日数。(3)北京地区年降水有连枯、连丰、枯丰交替的年际变化特征;其夏季降水有弱的准2年的周期振荡。(4)近30年来,随着年代演变,西太副高对北京地区夏季降水的作用有增强趋势。(5)北京区域性强降水日主要出现在7、8月份,约占总区域强降水日数的72%。其中有45.5%的区域强降水日与西太副高影响有关,特别是西太副高与西风槽共同作用的形势约占94.8%。(6)当西太副高平均脊线位于31.6°N,120°E处,西伸脊点位于110.6°E处,副高5880 gpm等高线北界位于37.1°N,120°E处,以及西风槽中点位于108.8°E,40°N,槽线北端位于46.6°N,槽底位于34.8°N时,最有利于北京出现区域强降水。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献