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1.
本文利用2013年1月1日~2015年6月30日贵阳市9个环境监测站的6种主要大气污染物(SO2、NO2、O3、PM10、CO、PM2.5)监测数据,分析了贵阳市主要大气污染物的年变化、日变化特征及降水对首要污染物浓度变化的影响。发现SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5浓度为单谷型年变化,夏季浓度最低,冬季浓度最高;O3浓度为双峰型年变化,4、10月分别有两个极大值、11~2月与7月分别为两个极小值;SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5浓度日变化呈双峰型特征;O3浓度日变化为单峰型特征;郊区SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5日平均浓度低于市区,而郊区O3日平均浓度高于市区。降水对O3的湿清除效果不好,对其余大气污染物的湿清除效果较好,尤其夜间降水对颗粒污染物(PM2.5、PM10)的清除效果优于白天降水,但会使O3浓度明显上升。 相似文献
2.
通过对淳安2013年全年的大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10资料统计分析,得出该地区PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的季节变化、日变化特征以及气象因子对其的影响。结果表明:2013年淳安PM2.5年平均浓度为国家标准的1.2倍,PM10年平均浓度优于国家标准;PM2.5和PM10均具有明显的季节变化特征,表现为冬季秋季春季夏季;并且均呈现双峰型的日变化特征,二者出现峰值的时间基本一致,PM2.5和PM10峰值出现在18:00,次峰值出现在08:00,谷值均出现在14:00,主要与边界层变化和人为活动有关;PM2.5和PM10变化存在明显的线性关系。降水对颗粒物浓度影响较大,能有效降低颗粒物质量浓度。 相似文献
3.
利用南阳市1995-2005年大气能见度和地面气象要素的观测资料及南阳市环境检测站提供的近3 a空气污染物监测数据,统计分析了近10 a南阳市大气能见度变化特征及其与气象要素和空气污染物的关系,结果表明:南阳市能见度年际变化呈缓慢波动上升趋势,夏秋季节2001年之后呈波动下降趋势;冬季能见度最低,春季最高;能见度月变化呈双峰型,第一个峰值在5月份,第二个峰值在9月份;一日之中,08时能见度最差,14时最好.能见度与同期气象要素及污染物浓度的相关分析表明,能见度与相对湿度、空气污染物PM10浓度呈显著性负相关,与NO2、SO2浓度负相关性较弱,与风速和气压呈弱的正相关,与温度的相关性较为复杂,雾是影响能见度的主要天气现象之一. 相似文献
4.
利用GRIMM180气溶胶粒谱分析仪采集乌鲁木齐市PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0数据,研究表明:乌鲁木齐市气溶胶颗粒物质量浓度在进入采暖季后急剧增加,冬季颗粒物中细粒子含量最高,PM2.5/PM10可达77.6%,PM2.5/PM10,PM1.0/PM10,PM1.0/PM2.5三比值体现了颗粒物的分布特征,四季污染程度越高,细粒子含量越高。四季无降水日PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0的质量浓度和分布的日变化基本呈三峰三谷型,出现早—午—晚峰值,上午—下午—午夜后谷值,各季节峰谷值具体出现时间略有差别,由于冬季逆温层顶盖等因素的影响,冬季质量浓度和分布的日变化在此基础上多了两次波动。降水的发生对冬、春季质量浓度的影响大于夏、秋季,对不同粒径段粒子的分布影响有一定差别。 相似文献
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对2013—2015年山西省大气电场监测系统8个观测站点的观测数据进行了统计分析。着重分析了山西省中北部地区近地面晴天大气电场的时间变化特征,以及大气电场与SO2、NO2、PM10、PM2.5浓度的相关性。结果表明:8个站的日变化均为双峰双谷型,具有典型的大陆型大气电场特征。第一个波谷均出现在04:00—06:00(北京时,下同),第二个波谷出现在12:00—16:00,下午的波谷略低于早晨;第一个波峰出现在07:00—10:00,第二个波峰出现在19:00—21:00,傍晚的值略低于上午。日变化与太阳对地面的辐射和人类活动保持较好的一致。8个站的大气电场年变化为单峰单谷型,波谷出现在夏季,波峰出现在冬季,春季和夏季、夏季和秋季的交界明显,秋季和冬季、冬季和春季的交界不明显。晴天大气电场的变化与大气中SO_2、PM_(2.5)的浓度有较好的一致性,呈正相关,与NO_2、PM_(10)的相关性较差或不相关。 相似文献
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海口市PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_1质量浓度的变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2013年在海口市气象局地面气象观测站采集的PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度数据,分析了2013年可吸入颗粒物质量浓度的变化特征,并对其成因进行了初步分析。结果表明:2013年海口市PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度的变化趋势基本相同,PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的超标率低,达到一级标准的概率分别为74.0%和68.8%,超过2级标准的天数分别为1和9 d,ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10)与ρ(PM1)/ρ(PM2.5)的比例平均分别为78.1%和85.1%;海口PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度冬季最高,夏季最低,春、秋两季处于冬夏之间;PM10、PM2.5和PM1质量浓度的日变化呈双峰现象,一个峰出现在上午,一个峰出现在夜间;颗粒物质量浓度的变化主要受到气象条件和污染物排放的影响。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(2)
利用2013~2014年石家庄逐小时PM2.5监测浓度与地面及探空等气象观测资料,从大气的垂直扩散、水平扩散和地面局地环流等方面,探讨气象条件对PM2.5浓度的定量影响关系。结果表明:(1)石家庄PM2.5浓度具有明显的日、月和季节变化特征,早晨08时前后PM2.5浓度最高,下午16时前后浓度最低;冬季PM2.5浓度最高,夏季最低;(2)2 a共出现485 d逆温,其中10~12月出现频率最多,达82.8%~86.2%,逆温致使低层大气垂直运动受阻,不利于污染物扩散;(3)大气混合层高度与PM2.5浓度呈反相关,PM2.5浓度75μg/m3(空气质量优良),对应大气混合层高度平均为1 448 m,而PM2.5浓度≥150μg/m3(空气重污染)的混合层高度降到878 m;(4)受地形影响,石家庄地面风与边界层附近风对污染物的影响明显不同:925 h Pa西南风、地面偏东风不利于污染物扩散;925 h Pa西北风、地面偏西风有利于污染物浓度降低。925 h Pa风速4 m/s、地面偏西风风速2 m/s、地面偏东风风速3 m/s,有利于污染物扩散;(5)降水对污染物有湿清除作用,清除量不仅与降水量有关,还与前期PM2.5浓度有关,且冬季降雪过程对PM2.5的清除作用是降雨的4倍。 相似文献
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福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用福州市PM2.5、PM10和气象资料,分析PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10的分布特征及与气象条件的关系。结果表明:福州市细粒子污染程度较轻,春季PM2.5和PM2.5/PM10值均是四季中最高的,其次是冬季,夏季最低;影响PM2.5浓度出现高值的天气系统有:暖区辐合与高空槽前、大陆高压后部和暖区降水三种系统,其中暖区降水天气形势下的PM2.5平均浓度最高,超标率为25.5%;影响PM2.5浓度出现低值的天气系统有:冷高压脊、高压底部和高空槽后,副热带高压及边缘,台风(热带辐合带)及外围系统,在后两种天气系统影响下的PM2.5平均浓度最低,超标率为0;剔除因降水、雾等低能见度个例,PM2.5浓度与能见度的相关系数为-0.626,冬春季的相关系数是夏秋季的1.4倍;PM2.5浓度与单一气象要素(如温度、相对湿度、风速等)相关性不明显,但不同季节、不同气象要素变化的组合对PM2.5浓度有直接影响。 相似文献
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利用2008-2017年大气颗粒物质量浓度资料和逐日地面气象观测资料,统计分析了丹东市大气颗粒物质量浓度时间变化特征及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明:2008-2017年丹东市大气颗粒物质量浓度年际变化具有一定的波动性,其中2015-2017年大气颗粒物污染状况持续改善明显;质量浓度月和季节变化特征明显,1月和12月最高、7月最低,冬季最高、夏季最低,非汛期显著高于汛期,供暖期显著高于非供暖期;非汛期大气颗粒物质量浓度超标日相较达标日,气温和能见度偏低,降水偏少,风速偏小;非汛期PM2.5、PM1质量浓度与相对湿度呈显著正相关,与风速呈显著负相关,汛期PM2.5、PM1质量浓度与风速呈显著负相关;PM2.5、PM1质量浓度春、秋、冬季与风速的负相关性最显著,冬季与相对湿度的正相关性也十分显著。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献