共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
本文利用北京气象中心的业务预报模式(B模式),采用全风速调整方案,进行了绕流、爬坡等各种数值试验,研究青藏高原和落基山对气旋的动力影响。结果表明,气流绕青藏高原而行,产生的散度场与东亚的气旋生成区和路径匹配;在青藏高原主体下游,高层辐合,抑制了我国大陆东部的气旋发展。在北美,落基山对大气的动力影响以爬坡为主,由于气流在迎风坡上升,空气绝热冷却,在背风面大规模下沉增温,对流层低层形成暖脊,这对背风锋生和背风气旋的发生发展有着直接的影响;另外爬坡作用也是美国中西部干线形成的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
本文主要讨论地形对天气系统的影响,研究了斜压大气中地形背风气旋的问题。用小参数法简化基本运动方程,利用青藏高原和落基山脉的实际地形,采用FFT的数值方法,考虑了不同地形、风切变、大气层结等诸因素对地形扰动的影响。结果表明:青藏高原和落基山脉东侧的地形扰动与统计结果较一致;层结对地形扰动的影响较敏感。 相似文献
3.
本文介绍的六层亚洲有限区域模式包含了地形作用和地面摩擦、动量、热量和水汽的水平和垂直方向扩散过程（其中包括了下垫面感热作用）、水汽凝结潜热、云和辐射作用以及积云对流等物理过程。并运用新的有效的计算气压梯度力的方法，为减少青藏高原引起的σ面上的初值（由p面到σ面）的插值误差，用了初始时刻的迭代插值方法。另外，利用上述模式，以1981年7月11日12时客观分析为初始场，对青藏高原背风坡地区的西南涡形成过程进行了数值模拟试验，较成功地研究了青藏高原动力作用对西南涡形成和发展过程的影响，模式还较成功地模拟出在西南涡形成过程中在我国西南地区低层西南风急流的迅速形成和维持过程。如果降低模式地形高度（如将青藏高原降至3000 m以下），地形的坡度也变小了，西南涡的模拟就不能成功。本模式所用的新的气压梯度力的计算方法，使预报效果得到了改进。 相似文献
4.
Summary Laboratory experiments concerning the interaction of a mechanically driven, uniform shear, zonal, westerly flow superimposed on a three-wave pattern, including cut-off lows, with models of Greenland, the Rocky Mountains and Tibet are conducted. The modeling criteria considered are the matching of the Rossby, Burger and Ekman numbers as well as a number of geometrical parameters. The -effect has not been modeled.The model demonstrates the variation in strength of cut-off lows as they advect over and/or around the model mountains. For example, the low upwind of the Rocky Mountains weakens on approaching the mountains, transforming to a trough in passing over the model and then strengthening again in the lee. The model also shows the influence of the mountains in blocking the lows upstream and then having them accelerate as they advect over the topography.The experiments show how mother cut-off lows approaching the Rocky Mountains can develop daughter troughs/cut-off lows in the lee and further how these mother/daughters coalesce again in the lee. Finally the experiments demonstrate the effects of a cut-off low being advected from west to east past and to the north of the Tibetan Plateau. The process first develops a closed anticyclone in the southeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. This anticyclone is later replaced by a trough and then a cut-off low. The experiments, generally, demonstrate a number of phenomena observed in the real atmosphere.With 12 Figures 相似文献
5.
Dr. A. Tafferner 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1990,43(1-4):31-47
Summary A conceptual model of lee cyclogenesis is given which combines the commonly observed predominant features inherent in Alpine lee cyclogenesis, to be: blocking of cold air due to the Alps and progression of a potential vorticity maximum over the Alps. Numerical simulations of observed cases of Alpine lee cyclogenesis are carried out whose flow development turn out to bear close resemblance to this model. Therefore far-reaching conclusions are drawn.With 14 Figures 相似文献
6.
利用兰州和民勤两站干年(1995年)、湿年(1994年)的5~6月08:00和20:00气象观测资料,采用Scorer背风波参数等方法对兰州小高压的形成、发展机制进行动力和热力学诊断分析。分析表明,兰州存在明显的背风波效应和下沉逆温;民勤有较强的逆温层特征,逆温频数多且强度大,辐射和扰动逆温较明显,它们的背风波和逆温层特征影响着兰州小高压的形成、尺度和位置。兰州小高压是青藏高原大地形和大气环流共同作用的一种边界层现象,与青藏高原北部较强的逆温和背风波效应有着重要的关系,运用中尺度天气学方法得出兰州小高压的预报流程,以建立其诊断和预报的概念模型。 相似文献
7.
1. Introduction There have been two di?erent approaches used fortracking extratropical cyclones. The traditional andmost common approach is to follow the minimum sur-face pressure of a cyclone (e.g., Petterssen, 1956; Car-nell and Senior, 1998; Serreze… 相似文献
8.
本文利用正压原始方程,对48°S——48°N间的给定的平直副热带西风和东风切变带进行了西风爬越西藏高原为主、西风绕过西藏高原和无西藏高原存在的三种不同情况的数值试验。这些试验表明,由于西藏高原与落基山等大地形的存在,不但能造成副热带高压带的断裂,并且能形成四个副热带高压单体。在北半球,这四个单体具有相当稳定的位置,一个在西太平洋,一个在中太平洋,一个在大西洋,一个在北非。这些试验还表明,当西风以爬越西藏高原为主时,对南半球澳大利亚高压的存在与稳定有一定的作用。西风绕过西藏高原流动时有利于西太平洋高压向西伸展。 相似文献
9.
Summary An initial value problem is proposed to study the influence of mountains upon atmospheric flows. The normal mode, quasigeostrophic theory of lee cyclogenesis is revisited; in order to model Alpine cyclogenesis, the flow, upon which the mountain acts, should represent a cyclone wave propagating eastward in a sheared zonal current. Two different models are considered in order to describe cyclone waves: an unstable Eady normal mode and a finite amplitude, neutral Rossby mode in the two layer model. It is shown that the topographic modifications proper of normal modes emerge very rapidly from the integration of the initial value problem. It is also shown that an enhanced deepening of the upper level trough can occur when finite amplitude effects are taken into account.With 8 Figures 相似文献
11.
Summary Cyclogenesis is known to take place frequently near the principal mountain complexes of the earth. However, a coherent and comprehensive theory of orographic cyclogenesis has never been offered in the literature. We propose here a unified theory of cyclogenesis in the presence of orography of various configurations, based on the generalization of a theoretical model concerning the interaction of baroclinic waves with local orography. This model has recently proved to be successful in accounting for some basic properties of Alpinecyclogenesis (Speranza et al. 1985). We consider, in particular, cyclogenesis in proximity of the Rocky Mountains (both to the west of the ridge, in the Gulf of Alaska, and to the east of it, over North America) and in proximity of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau.With regard to cyclogenesis over the Gulf of Alaska, results of numerical experiments, performed with the ECMWF model in order to isolate the orographic effects in realistic conditions, are also presented and compared with the theoretical results.
With 11 Figures 相似文献
Eine vereinheitlichte Theorie orographischer einflüsse auf die zyklogenese
Zusammenfassung Zyklogenese findet bekanntlich häufig in der Nähe der Hauptgebirgskomplexe der Erde statt. Dennoch wurde bis jetzt in der Literatur noch keine einheitliche und umfassende. Theorie orographischer Zyklogenese angeboten. Wir schlagen hier eine vereinheitlichte Theorie der Zyklogenese bei Vorhandensein einer Orographie mit unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen vor. Die Theorie basiert auf der Verallgemeinerung eines theoretischen Models über die Wechselwirkung von baroklinen Wellen mit der lokalen Orographie. Dieses Modell hat sich kürzlich bei der Erklärung einiger grundlegender Eigenschaften alpiner Zyklogenese als erfolgreich erwiesen (Speranza et al. 1985).Wir betrachten im besonderen die Zyklogenese in der Nähe der Rocky Mountains (sowohl westlich der Kette im Golf von Alaska als auch östlich davon über Nordamerika) und in der Nähe des Himalaya-Tibet-Plateaus.Hinsichtlich der Zyklogenese über dem Golf von Alaska werden auch Ergebnisse von numerischen Experimenten, die mit dem ECMWF-Modell durchgeführt wurden, um die orographischen Effekte unter realistischen Bedingungen zu isolieren, präsentiert und mit den theoretischen Ergebnissen verglichen.
With 11 Figures 相似文献
12.
IMPACTS OF SURFACE FRICTION AND OROGRAPHICAL FORCING ON THE EAST ASIA COASTAL CYCLOGENESIS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chen Shoujun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1989,3(1):102-107
Some numerical simulations from real data were carried out to examine the impacts of surface frictionand orographic forcing on the East Asia coastal cyclogenesis.The results show that the decreasing of the surfacefriction over the ocean is essential for the cyclone development and the mechanical forcing of Qinghai-XizangPlateau acts a damping effect in the initial stage of the cyclone. 相似文献
13.
Summary Due to its complex orography, a lee trough can occur along leeward coasts of Tasmania. Of particular interest to meteorologists
and others, is the lee trough that can form along eastern parts of Tasmania. This effect is often observed under broad westerly
flow due mainly to a topographic barrier, which lies to the west of the area of interest.
The lee trough seems to be most pronounced when the troposphere is stable with an inversion just above the highest parts of
the western and central highlands, known as the Western Mountains and Central Plateau, respectively. Blocking of the low-level
airflow, coupled with the formation of a windward ridge of high pressure may also contribute to the formation of the lee trough.
From time to time, mesoscale thermal lows and pronounced standing wave activity has also been observed to form over parts
of the state co-incident with the lee trough. These can further complicate the overall wind pattern over parts of the Tasmania.
This study attempts to investigate and verify some aspects of this lee trough by the utilization of a very high resolution
numerical weather prediction model, known as HIRES (HIghRESolution).
Received October 18, 2001 Revised December 16, 2001 相似文献
14.
青藏高原冬春季积雪异常与我国夏季低温的关系 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
利用改进后的大气环流谱模式,进行长时间积分,模拟青藏高原积雪的年际变化。分别对模拟结果的多雪年和少雪年夏季温度场进行分析,结果表明：青藏高原冬春多雪年,我国北方大部分地区夏季气温比常年低,而南方地区夏季气温比常年偏高,少雪年则结论相反。同时结合历史实况资料的分析,可以看出东北夏季低温易发生在青藏高原多雪年,而长江中下游及南方地区夏季低温与青藏高原积雪异常的关系不明显。 相似文献
15.
本文利用耦合气候模式研究了“有/无”青藏高原和落基山脉对厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）的影响,并从温度变率方程的角度详细分析了ENSO变化的成因,结果表明:移除青藏高原或落基山脉均会造成ENSO变率增强;ENSO变率在无青藏高原试验中增强的幅度比在无落基山脉试验中更大。ENSO变率在地形敏感性试验中的变化与热带太平洋平均气候态的改变密切相关。移除青藏高原后热带太平洋信风减弱,大气对流中心东移,混合层变浅,温跃层变平,呈现出El Ni?o型海温分布,这些平均态的变化使海表风应力敏感性,Ekman抽吸敏感性以及温跃层敏感性幅度增强,最终导致ENSO振幅增大60%。然而,在移除落基山脉的情景下,热带太平洋信风变化更加复杂,大气对流中心稍有东移,混合层加深,温跃层变平,呈现出类La Ni?a型海温分布。这些变化增强了风应力敏感性和温跃层敏感性,最终导致ENSO振幅仅增大15%左右。本文研究表明,在地质时间尺度上青藏高原和落基山脉的抬升均抑制了ENSO变率。 相似文献
16.
17.
RegCM3模式对青藏高原地区气候的模拟 总被引：23，自引：7，他引：23
使用RegCM3区域气候模式，利用ECMWF的ERA40再分析资料，对东亚地区进行了长达15年（1987-2001年）时间的数值积分试验，重点分析了模式对青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线地区气温和降水的模拟。结果表明，RegCM3模式具有模拟青藏高原及周边地区当代降水和气温主要分布特征的能力，尤其在观测站点稀少地区可提供局地降水和气温分布的较可靠信息。模式较好地模拟了青藏铁路沿线地区的降水，特别是气温的年变化趋势，同时也较好地模拟了这一地区气温的年际变化，但对该区降水年际变化的模拟能力则有待进一步提高。 相似文献
18.
青藏高原冬季积雪关键区视热源特征与中国西南春旱的联系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1955-2010年地面气象站积雪深度、降水资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用统计相关,异常指数与相关矢等计算方法,对2010年西南春旱区域性特征、青藏高原积雪视热源特征进行了综合分析,研究了西南春旱典型区域,获得了影响西南地区春季降水的青藏高原积雪视热源关键区。对高原积雪关键区积雪深度与该区域大气视热源的相关性进行了综合分析,发现青藏高原积雪关键区2月的视热源代表性最好。重点分析了青藏高原积雪关键区2月大气视热源与后期西南严重春旱区降水的异常指数年际变化及其相关关系,结果表明,冬季青藏高原积雪关键区积雪浅、整层大气视热源偏高,有利于西南地区春季出现干燥的偏北气流,导致我国西南地区春雨异常偏少。青藏高原积雪关键区视热源对我国西南春旱预测具有明显的指示意义。 相似文献
19.
地形降水试验和背风回流降水机制 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
利用中尺度数值模式（ARPS模式）研究了湿气流过山脉地形和地形降水的产生机制。研究结果表明，地形降水是水汽、气流和地形相互作用而形成的。小山脉地形降水主要发生在山脉的迎风坡，表现出典型的迎风降水和背风雨影特征。而回流降水天气是湿气流过大的山脉地形的产物，大的山脉地形有利于风切变临界层的产生，地形降水并不只是简单的上坡降水，还有背风回流和背风波降水机制。 相似文献
20.
From a statistical study of the atmospheric circulation types over the Northern Hemisphere it is found that the zonal type circulation predominates in East Asia. From a three-layer primitive equation model in σ-coordinate, the orographic effect on a westerly current over the Northern Hemisphere is studied. A distinguished deepening trough is observed in the lee-side slope of the Rocky Mountains. But a pronounced trough is over the East Asia coast far from the Tibetan Plateau. In a case of 48 h numerical forecast, it is found that the effect of the Tibetan Plateau tends to build up a rather zonal type circulation, which is con-sistent with the observations. These may be partly explained by the topographic effect of the north slope of the Tibetan Plateau in a simple geostrophic theory. 相似文献