共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
一、引言 暴雨是一种中尺度天气现象。关于暴雨形成的大尺度背景条件以及中尺度系统的天气学特征,有过许多分析研究。至于暴雨的触发机制,一些理论研究主要分析了不同条件下重力波对暴雨的触发作用。李麦村根据大尺度天气系统发展时的非地转平衡能激发重力波,指出其在条件不稳定大气中传播时,可以是发动暴雨的一种机制。最近又根据两 相似文献
2.
辽宁一次暴雨过程分析与暴雨落区预报失误原因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从一次高空槽和华北气旋影响的暴雨、局部大暴雨落区预报出发,利用常规地面观测资料、加密自动站资料、高空探测资料和欧洲中心（ECMWF）数值预报产品资料,对2011年7月29-31日辽宁一次暴雨、局部大暴雨过程的天气形势和物理量场进行分析。结果表明：夏季暴雨预报不仅要考虑高层形势、副热带高压强度和位置大尺度环流形势的变化,也要考虑有利的大尺度环流背景下易产生的中小尺度天气系统,此次辽宁暴雨过程中在高空槽和华北气旋的发生发展过程中激发了中尺度气旋,中尺度气旋的强度和移动路径是预报此次暴雨、局部大暴雨落区的关键因素。 相似文献
3.
2018年4月21日华北南部发生了一次主观预报量级偏小的大范围春季暴雨,利用多种高时空分辨率观测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心第5代大气再分析数据以及高分辨率数值模拟,对引发暴雨的大尺度和中尺度天气过程以及造成暴雨的中尺度对流系统的演变过程进行研究。发现后门冷锋是造成该次暴雨的大尺度天气系统。受太行山脉影响,锋面由西段南北方向和东段东西方向的两段组成,冷空气集中于1.5 km以下,伴随锋面后部东北风的增强,锋面南移、太行山东侧冷空气堆增高、强度增大;暴雨由与锋面有关的中尺度对流系统造成,中尺度对流系统形成和维持发生于后门冷锋附近且伴随锋生过程,位于沿后门冷锋爬升的暖空气前部水平风速辐合中心,其快速发展和对流中心的南移伴随锋面后部东北风增强所带来的锋面南移、冷空气堆增高;基于高分辨率数值模拟的动量收支计算表明,有利于中尺度对流系统中对流中心产生的上升运动主要由垂直气压梯度力和浮力项的合力项贡献,该合力项的大值区分布于沿锋面爬升的暖湿气流前沿具有较大的水平相当位温梯度区附近,这解释了伴随锋面增强南移的中尺度对流系统发展、对流中心南移这一现象。以上结果揭示了导致华北春季暴雨的这次后门冷锋和中尺度... 相似文献
4.
5.
华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中的季风槽与中尺度对流系统相互作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用NCEP FNL再分析资料及位涡分离反演等方法,对华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中季风槽与中尺度对流系统的相互作用进行了研究,主要针对暴雨发生期间季风槽气旋性涡度向上发展的机理及其对季风槽维持发展和中尺度对流系统活动的影响进行分析。结果发现,季风槽的中尺度对流系统发展于弱斜压性环境中,大多在槽东西两端涡度中心区发展最强。南侧盛行的西南低空急流为对流反复发生提供了对流发展的“可维持性”条件,是对流得以组织发展成为中尺度对流系统的重要原因。涡度收支诊断表明,季风槽气旋性涡度生成主要由中尺度对流系统低层辐合引起。位涡分离反演结果证实,季风槽气旋性环流增强主要由与中尺度对流系统潜热加热相关的扰动位涡造成,并随着中尺度对流系统加热峰值高度升高而向上发展,是大尺度环流对中尺度对流系统潜热加热动力响应的结果。在季风槽东西两端,由于中尺度对流系统发展强烈且持续,具有更高的加热效率,引起的气旋性涡度向上发展最为明显。其结果可引起中尺度对流系统西南一侧向北非地转风发展,并在地转偏向力作用下增强西风,维持低空急流的发展,为对流反复发生提供条件。这些都说明季风槽大尺度环流与中尺度对流系统相互作用在中尺度对流系统和持续暴雨形成过程中有重要作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
《气象学报》2014,(3)
应用NCEP FNL再分析资料及位涡分离反演等方法,对华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中季风槽与中尺度对流系统的相互作用进行了研究.主要针对暴雨发生期间季风槽气旋性涡度向上发展的机理及其对季风槽维持发展和中尺度对流系统活动的影响进行分析。结果发现,季风槽的中尺度对流系统发展于弱斜压性环境中,大多在槽东西两端涡度中心区发展最强。南侧盛行的西南低空急流为对流反复发生提供了对流发展的"可维持性"条件,是对流得以组织发展成为中尺度对流系统的重要原因。涡度收支诊断表明,季风槽气旋性涡度生成主要由中尺度对流系统低层辐合引起。位涡分离反演结果证实,季风槽气旋性环流增强主要由与中尺度对流系统潜热加热相关的扰动位涡造成,并随着中尺度对流系统加热峰值高度升高而向上发展,是大尺度环流对中尺度对流系统潜热加热动力响应的结果。在季风槽东西两端,由于中尺度对流系统发展强烈且持续,具有更高的加热效率,引起的气旋性涡度向上发展最为明显。其结果可引起中尺度对流系统西南一侧向北非地转风发展,并在地转偏向力作用下增强西风,维持低空急流的发展,为对流反复发生提供条件。这些都说明季风槽大尺度环流与中尺度对流系统相互作用在中尺度对流系统和持续暴雨形成过程中有重要作用。 相似文献
8.
"05.6"东北暴雨中尺度对流系统研究Ⅰ:常规资料和卫星资料分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用常规气象资料与卫星资料相结合的办法,研究了2005年6月10日午后在黑龙江省中东部发生的暴雨中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的大尺度环流背景、大气层结演变特征、下垫面条件以及中尺度对流系统。结果表明:此次暴雨(简称“05.6”东北暴雨)是发生在高空槽东移加深过程中的一次对流天气过程。中尺度对流系统处于前倾疏散的高空槽槽前,高空辐散,低空辐合,为MCS发生提供了有利的大尺度动力条件。暴雨发生前对流层低层有西南—东北走向的湿舌,为暴雨提供了有利的水汽条件。高空干冷平流与低空的暖湿平流形成的差动平流,造成此处大气的层结不稳定度增强。此外,从地面接收到的太阳辐射能量分布情况来看,下垫面不均匀加热引起的热力环流是这次暴雨过程中尺度对流系统发生发展的一个重要的触发机制。研究地面中尺度切变线演变与此次暴雨对流系统发生发展的关系发现,切变线上对流强弱分布是不均匀的,其中在弧形切变线曲率最大处的对流最强,与沙兰河上游暴雨有关的对流云团就出现在这个地区。以上事实表明,地面中尺度切变线可能是此次暴雨发生发展的另一个关键因素,而造成切变线上对流发展不均匀的原因可能和切变线走向与环境风场的配置有较大关系。 相似文献
9.
10.
华南锋前暖区暴雨研究概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象研究与应用》2017,(1)
锋前暖区暴雨是华南前汛期暴雨的主要特点,但暖区暴雨常常难以模拟和预报,给气象工作者带来挑战,因此对影响其发生发展的环流背景、天气系统、中尺度系统以及地形等进行深入研究,对提高暖区暴雨的预报能力有重大意义。近年来我国气象学者对华南暖区暴雨进行许多研究,本文主要对华南锋前暖区暴雨研究的天气系统及地形等进行简要概述,介绍了暖区暴雨发生时中高纬大气环流、副高、南亚高压和高空急流等大尺度环流背景,南海季风与华南暖区暴雨的密切联系,天气尺度系统以及中尺度系统在暖区暴雨中的重要作用,地形条件对暖区暴雨的影响。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献