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1.
局部大暴雨形成的机理与中尺度分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、NCEP逐6 h的1°×1°的再分析资料和FY-2C卫星逐时TBB资料、多普勒雷达探测资料,对2012年7月7-8日河南商丘地区大暴雨天气过程形成机理和中尺度系统活动特征进行了研究.结果表明:500 hPa低槽与低层东西向切变线和低空急流相互配合、共同作用是此次大暴雨形成的大尺度环境条件。中尺度分析显示:多个中尺度雨团的活动形成了4个大暴雨中心,中尺度雨团与MαCS相伴,而MαCS是由多个MγCS和MβCS合并、加强的结果。这些MγCS和MβCS是由地面中尺度辐合线或辐合中心触发产生并发展,MαCS覆盖区下强降水回波的移动和发展与地面中度辐合系统对应较好,大暴雨出现在地面辐合系统形成后的1~2 h内;而暖平流导致的局地升温,是地面中尺度辐合系统形成的主要原因。TBB梯度与降水强度成正比,当▽TBB/0.5°E≥34℃,并且TBB≤-63℃时,将产生30mm·h~(-1)的强降水;当MCS发展成熟时强降水发生在中尺度对流云团TBB低值中心附近,当TBB在1 h内降低31℃以上时,1~2 h后该地将出现雨强为50 mm的短时强降水。因此,地面热力不均匀导致的局地升温是此次地面中尺度辐合系统生成的主要原因,而地面中尺度辐合系统的发生发展触发了中小尺度对流系统的发生发展,导致了局部大暴雨的产生。根据中小尺度对流云团的TBB强度及变幅,可提前1~2 h预报短时强降水。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2015,(6)
该文利用常规天气图、自动气象站雨量资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、卫星云图、雷达等资料对2014年5月24—25日湘潭出现的暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,这次暴雨过程是大尺度与中尺度天气系统相互作用的结果,有强大的干侵入触发;地面小低压和中低层冷切尾部和暖切顶部的辐合,配合高空反气旋辐散以及强大的干侵入作用,导致了强烈的垂直上升运动,使不稳定能量得以释放;强降水区具有典型的正负涡度柱、正负散度柱耦合双偶结构;暴雨过程以积状云降水回波为主,具有明显的中尺度特征,MCC、MCS发展强烈,而湘潭的强降水出现在MCS和MCC云团的TBB最大处;分析干线位置和移动方向对夏季强对流暴雨落区预报有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图、多普勒C波段天气雷达以及吉林省区域自动站和加密自动站资料,运用统计分析和天气动力学诊断方法,综合分析2016年7月25—26日吉林省暴雨天气过程,此次暴雨和大暴雨落区位于吉林省四平东部、辽源、吉林和通化北部,此次暴雨过程出现东北冷涡天气背景下,25日14—22时的短时强降水由东北冷涡前部局地对流活动的加强触发中尺度对流系统(MCS)生成。500 hPa为两脊一槽形势,受西太平洋副热带高压阻挡,东北冷涡较为稳定,吉林省位于东北冷涡前沿的西南气流中,850 hPa西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南急流直达吉林省中南部,在其北端产生西南—东南向暖锋式切变,并与地面黄河气旋暖锋区相对应。在地面中尺度辐合线、地形抬升触发下,造成中尺度对流,形成短时强降水。通过FY-2G卫星相当黑体温度(TBB)产品分析,发现吉林省上空TBB低于-52℃时,就会产生短时强降水,而TBB高于-48℃则MCS趋于消失;此次强降水的新一代C波段天气雷达回波具有较明显的强回波低质心结构特征,降水效率较高,持续时间短,但达到短时强降水标准。卫星TBB产品和雷达监测可为以后吉林省东北冷涡暴雨定时、定点暴雨预警提供依据。 相似文献
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《青海气象》2017,(2)
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和FY—2D卫星TBB资料,对2013年8月7日和2015年8月7日两次四川暴雨过程进行对比分析,结果表明:两次暴雨降雨强度及范围大小的发生与低值系统位置,副热带高压位置和强度,以及低层切变线、地面冷空气、低空急流以及台风位置等相关。不稳定能量的积聚为两次暴雨过程发生提供了有利条件,与强降水落区对应较好,强的不稳定能量更有利于中尺度对流系统强烈发展。暴雨落区上空受高能舌控制,且不稳定能量逐渐增大,暴雨出现在能量释放阶段。强烈的旋转上升运动为强降水提供了良好的的动力条件。两次过程中水汽辐合的中心以及强度对于降水的强度、落区、持续时间具有一定的指示意义。造成两次暴雨过程的对流云团生成和发展有一定的差异,但两次暴雨过程最大降雨均位于对流云团TBB最大梯度区,一般靠近亮云中心。 相似文献
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台风残涡北上引发东北地区北部大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用常规观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波资料、自动气象站降水量以及0. 25°×0. 25°的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1710号台风"海棠"残余环流北上引发的东北地区北部的大暴雨过程进行中尺度特征分析。结果表明,台风残余环流移入东北地区后再度加强。地面上负变压中心位于气旋北侧倒槽切变处,气旋的快速发展和加强的变压风辐合,造成低层辐合加强,导致大暴雨的出现。暴雨区呈带状分布,出现向北增强的趋势,在时空分布上都有明显的中尺度特征。探空分析显示暴雨区大气处于不稳定状态,有利于以短时强降水为主的对流发展。暴雨是由MCS活动造成的,每次短时强降水均与TBB低值中心相对应,并滞后1 h左右。对流云团自南向北传播,暴雨主要出现在冷云区内或是云团后部边缘TBB大梯度区处。雷达回波的后向传播造成暴雨区一直有强回波活动,降水持续时间长;强降水是暖云降水,降水效率高,雨强大。引发暴雨的中尺度对流系统具有深厚的垂直运动,加强了低层热量和水汽的向上输送。中低层正涡柱迅速增强,水汽辐合增强,加强了中尺度对流系统的发展和持续时间。中高层有干冷空气活动,不仅触发对流,而且大大降低了大气稳定度,为对流的发生、发展提供了有利条件。 相似文献
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一次局地大暴雨的落区分析与预报 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
应用常规天气资料、地面加密自动站资料、FY-2C红外TBB资料和多普勒雷达资料,并引用中尺度对流复合体(MCC)β中尺度单元(MBE)移动概念模型,对2007年7月18日天津地区出现的强雷雨、局地大暴雨天气进行了分析。结果表明:局地大暴雨是在大范围的有利天气条件下产生的,降水具有明显的β中尺度强对流系统特征;强降水出现在"人"字型回波带的头部,落区位置与中气旋的位置相对应;从地面加密自动站资料也能很好地分析出强降水雨区的位置和移动方向。通过分析FY-2C红外TBB资料表明:强降水出现在MCC中冷云顶区的右后侧,且降水强度在MCC中出现强冷云顶区时达到最强。应用MCCβ中尺度单元(MBE)移动的概念模型,通过判断MBE的移动,可以很好地预报出强降水下一时刻的具体落区位置,从而为该地区强雷雨、局地大暴雨落区的短时临近预报提供一种新的方法。 相似文献
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承德市两次局地性短时暴雨过程的中尺度特征对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2014年6月17日和7月15日,同样在冷涡系统影响下,河北省承德市区先后出现了两次局地性短时暴雨天气过程(小时雨强分别为39.6和66.1 mm·h~(-1),最大10 min雨强分别为15和18 mm)。本文利用常规观测资料、5~10 min加密自动站资料、多普勒雷达数据、卫星云图数据以及NCEP再分析资料,对这两次短时暴雨过程的中尺度特征进行对比分析。结果表明:分钟级降水观测显示,"6·17暴雨"过程10 min雨量随时间表现为持续时间分别约为半小时的双峰型分布;"7·15暴雨"过程降水呈单峰型,持续时间不足1 h;两场局地暴雨是在高空冷涡环流背景下产生的,其触发系统均为地面中尺度辐合中心(辐合线),降水峰值与东南风或风速增大相关联,6 m·s~(-1)的东南风有利于强降水的维持。卫星资料显示,"6·17暴雨"过程直接影响系统为β中尺度对流系统,强降水与TBB低值区对应,"7·15暴雨"强降水对流系统则表现为γ中尺度,与TBB大梯度区对应。"6·17暴雨"过程对应水平尺度近20 km,生命史约半小时,回波强度达65 dBz对流单体回波的合并增强。"7·15暴雨"过程则表现为多个水平尺度不足5 km,生命史不到1 h,回波强度达55 dBz的对流单体回波依次经过承德市区,因"列车效应"造成。两次降水过程中逆风区的出现时间都与强降水时段有很好的配合,且逆风区的持续时间越长,产生的降水强度也越大。 相似文献
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一次副热带高压边缘上大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
文章利用常规和自动气象站观测资料、卫星、闪电定位、雷达资料及NCEP分析资料,对2014年5月24—25日赣西地区致灾大暴雨的中尺度对流条件和对流系统的演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）高空槽东移、副热带高压边缘暖湿气流加强,以及冷空气影响,构成了此次大暴雨的天气背景条件。（2）地面中尺度辐合线是导致MβCS发展及加强的重要因子;多个结构密实、边界光滑的MβCS在赣西地区长时间维持,导致相应地区出现持续强降水天气;此次大暴雨过程中TBB≤-62℃的冷云云团位置和强度对地面降水有很好的指示作用,尤以TBB≤-72℃的中心区与强降水中心区吻合最好。（3）此次暴雨过程5 min雨量分布与地闪数的分布较重合,地闪跃增时刻在地面降水增大前出现,提前时间约10 min左右。（4）雷达径向速度图上的中尺度涡旋是导致此次暴雨发生的重要因素之一;在赣西地区存在显著的径向风辐合特征,且低空强西南风急流上叠加深厚径向风辐合区,有利于降水的加强和维持;另外在动力辐合和山地地形共同作用下,强劲的偏南风急流携带充沛水汽在赣西地区汇合,导致该地区出现连续性强降水。（5）最大雷达回波强度的变化对地面5 min雨强的变化有辅助参考,但预示性不明显;雷达风廓线产品对地面强降水的发生有较好的预报辅助作用,在此次大暴雨过程中该产品对赣西地区强降水预报辅助作用的“提前量”达2 h。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2021,(3)
2018年7月31日哈密市出现了一次极端大暴雨天气过程,持续强降雨造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失。利用NCEP再分析资料、地面常规气象观测资料、区域加密自动站降水资料和FY-2G红外云图TBB资料,对此次极端大暴雨进行诊断分析。结果表明:极端大暴雨发生在有利的大尺度环流背景下,南亚高压双体型建立,东部中心强且位置偏北,西太平洋副热带高压较常年明显偏西偏北;高低空急流在暴雨区上空垂直方向形成耦合形势,加强了暴雨区上升运动的维持和水汽的垂直输送;850～200 hPa强盛的偏南暖湿气流为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和动力条件;低层高温高湿,强风速辐合及特殊地形抬升触发对流不稳定产生,为极端大暴雨提供热力和不稳定能量条件;强降水发生在对流云团边缘TBB等值线密集的梯度最大区域,越接近TBB中心梯度最大处,雨强也越大。数值预报产品具有一定的预报能力,但对于降水落区及量级预报偏弱。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献