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1.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图、多普勒C波段天气雷达以及吉林省区域自动站和加密自动站资料,运用统计分析和天气动力学诊断方法,综合分析2016年7月25—26日吉林省暴雨天气过程,此次暴雨和大暴雨落区位于吉林省四平东部、辽源、吉林和通化北部,此次暴雨过程出现东北冷涡天气背景下,25日14—22时的短时强降水由东北冷涡前部局地对流活动的加强触发中尺度对流系统(MCS)生成。500 hPa为两脊一槽形势,受西太平洋副热带高压阻挡,东北冷涡较为稳定,吉林省位于东北冷涡前沿的西南气流中,850 hPa西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南急流直达吉林省中南部,在其北端产生西南—东南向暖锋式切变,并与地面黄河气旋暖锋区相对应。在地面中尺度辐合线、地形抬升触发下,造成中尺度对流,形成短时强降水。通过FY-2G卫星相当黑体温度(TBB)产品分析,发现吉林省上空TBB低于-52℃时,就会产生短时强降水,而TBB高于-48℃则MCS趋于消失;此次强降水的新一代C波段天气雷达回波具有较明显的强回波低质心结构特征,降水效率较高,持续时间短,但达到短时强降水标准。卫星TBB产品和雷达监测可为以后吉林省东北冷涡暴雨定时、定点暴雨预警提供依据。 相似文献
2.
利用地面气象观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、FY-2E卫星和多普勒雷达资料,对2011年7月17日发生在巢湖地区的一次强对流暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果显示:500hPa深槽、850hPa切变线及地面低压是此次暴雨过程的天气尺度影响系统,强降水发生在湿层和暖云层深厚、较低的抬升凝结高度、中等强度对流不稳定及弱垂直风切变条件下;FY-2E卫星云图分析表明,此次强降水过程主要是多个中尺度对流系统在巢湖合并所致,短时强降水落区主要落在中尺度对流系统TBB等值线密集区附近,TBB中心强度越强,TBB等值线梯度越大,对应的1h降水量越强;多普勒雷达分析揭示,短时强降水发生在两个对流回波合并期间,对流风暴移动缓慢,大于45dBz强回波均在6km以下,呈低层强烈气旋式辐合、高层辐散特征;地面中尺度辐合线是此次风暴的触发因子;湿位涡诊断结果表明,600hPa以下对流不稳定,600hPa以上对称不稳定,有利于暴雨和中尺度系统的发生发展。 相似文献
3.
台风残涡北上引发东北地区北部大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用常规观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波资料、自动气象站降水量以及0. 25°×0. 25°的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1710号台风"海棠"残余环流北上引发的东北地区北部的大暴雨过程进行中尺度特征分析。结果表明,台风残余环流移入东北地区后再度加强。地面上负变压中心位于气旋北侧倒槽切变处,气旋的快速发展和加强的变压风辐合,造成低层辐合加强,导致大暴雨的出现。暴雨区呈带状分布,出现向北增强的趋势,在时空分布上都有明显的中尺度特征。探空分析显示暴雨区大气处于不稳定状态,有利于以短时强降水为主的对流发展。暴雨是由MCS活动造成的,每次短时强降水均与TBB低值中心相对应,并滞后1 h左右。对流云团自南向北传播,暴雨主要出现在冷云区内或是云团后部边缘TBB大梯度区处。雷达回波的后向传播造成暴雨区一直有强回波活动,降水持续时间长;强降水是暖云降水,降水效率高,雨强大。引发暴雨的中尺度对流系统具有深厚的垂直运动,加强了低层热量和水汽的向上输送。中低层正涡柱迅速增强,水汽辐合增强,加强了中尺度对流系统的发展和持续时间。中高层有干冷空气活动,不仅触发对流,而且大大降低了大气稳定度,为对流的发生、发展提供了有利条件。 相似文献
4.
利用探空资料、常规气象资料、中尺度气象加密观测资料及多普勒雷达回波产品等资料,对2010年7月25日吉林省双阳站局地大暴雨的中尺度系统演变特征、动力、不稳定条件及雷达回波特征进行了分析。分析结果表明：低空中尺度切变、地面中尺度辐合线是本次局地暴雨的主要中尺度系统,850hPa露点锋提供本次局地暴雨的触发机制;局地暴雨发生在较强的对流不稳定及冷空气侵入导致迅速增强的垂直风切变的条件下;暴雨发生前中低空有明显较强的上升运动,冷空气开始下沉入侵形成垂直环流,为暴雨的发生提供了动力条件;雷达回波图上“人”字型回波带合并,其上多个对流单体新生持续经过暴雨区造成强降水,回波带上的逆风区与局地暴雨有较好的对应关系,强回波及逆风区对局地暴雨有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
利用自动站、多普勒雷达、卫星黑体亮温等气象资料,对2012年7月10日发生在鹤岗地区的短时暴雨天气进行了分析.结果表明:此次局地暴雨是在“两槽一脊”环流背景下,受海上低涡后部和中低层切变及低空急流系统影响,由几个相对较强的对流单体合并维持造成的.强降水是出现在云顶亮温减弱阶段,在TBB值梯度较大的区域移动方向的后侧,最大1h降水量的雨强落后于云团TBB最低值时1～3 h;径向速度出现了逆风区结构,逆风区出现时间较强降水出现提前了20～30 min.回波的合并、增强和减弱与强降水有较好的对应关系.地面辐合线是造成短时暴雨中尺度对流系统的主要触发机制. 相似文献
6.
一次云南强对流暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及常规观测资料与雷达、卫星等非常规观测资料,综合分析了2014年6月6日云南暴雨过程的天气成因及中尺度对流系统特征。结果表明:500hPa前倾槽、700hPa切变线及地面冷锋是此次暴雨过程的天气尺度影响系统;高能高湿的对流不稳定层结、明显的垂直风向切变是强对流天气形成的有利条件;在Q矢量散度辐合区内多个β中尺度对流系统(MCS)发生发展,短时强降水主要出现在MCS移动方前沿对流活跃的云顶亮温(TBB)等值线密集区,雨强变化与TBB等值线梯度变化密切相关;多普勒雷达及地闪资料显示多个γ中尺度对流系统是强对流暴雨产生的直接影响系统,雷暴易发生于回波强度在35~45dBz、回波顶高超过10km的区域,中尺度辐合线、第二类γ中尺度辐合区附近负地闪密集区与短时强降水、雷暴天气有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
7.
为探究江淮地区低涡型暖切变暴雨的中尺度特征,利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料以及FY-2E卫星云图和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,针对江淮地区两次不同类型的典型暴雨过程进行对比分析。其中,"稳定型"过程降水持续时间长、范围广,而"东移型"过程降水相对集中,持续时间短、雨强大。结果表明:(1)两次降水均发生在高空槽和低层暖切变影响下,"稳定型"系统少动,而"东移型"的500 hPa低压槽和低空低涡向东移动发展,与地面中尺度低压相对应,且中低层辐合较强。(2)"稳定型"对流组织形式为"前向次第发展",对流系统结构相对松散,而"东移型"对流组织形式为"后向次第发展",对流系统组织化程度较高。(3)两次暴雨过程均发生在整层高湿环境中,低空急流对水汽输送起关键作用,降水主要位于西南急流轴前部的风速辐合区。其中,"稳定型"水汽主要输送能力体现在850 hPa上,稳定形势下的持续性水汽输送有利于形成较大范围的强降雨;"东移型"西南低空急流风速相对较强,降水后期有活跃的超低空东南急流,两支急流共同作用有利于局地出现更集中的降水。(4)两次过程中,低空西南与东南风的风速辐合形成明显的中尺度抬升条件,且"东移型"比"稳定型"的外力抬升条件更好。强降水多位于地面辐合线附近,对应的中尺度风场辐合线是触发对流的有利条件,对短临降水落区预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
8.
“海棠”影响河南降水雷达回波和中尺度雨团对比分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
使用郑州714CD雷达观测资料，以及2005年刚建立起的河南省乡镇雨量站网资料，配合河南省自动站资料，对0505号台风海棠造成的河南省大范围暴雨、局部特大暴雨过程进行了分析，总结出强降水回波区早于中尺度雨团1个小时左右生成，中尺度雨团早于降水回波减弱消失，稳定少动的强降水回波有利于中尺度雨团的产生和发展；多普勒速度场上，中尺度系统存在的地方有利于强降水回波发展和维持，也有利于中尺度雨团产生和发展；受持续不断45dBz左右强降水回波影响，构成“列车效应”，可造成暴雨甚至是大暴雨过程；对于大范围降水回波，依据乡镇雨量图上中尺度雨团活动规律，分析速度场上中尺度系统如逆风区、辐合区、大风区（低空急流），可以准确预报暴雨落区，发布暴雨预警信号。 相似文献
9.
宁夏北部一次短时暴雨中尺度对流系统的特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用自动站、闪电定位信息、多普勒雷达、卫星黑体亮温等气象资料,对2008年7月18日夜间宁夏石炭井的短时暴雨天气进行了分析。结果表明：此次单站短时暴雨是在“西高东低”的环流背景下,受东北冷涡后部横槽和低值系统影响,由两个相对较强的对流单体先后影响而后合并维持造成的。中尺度对流系统在宁夏北部持续时间近6h,云项亮温梯度最大值维持在石炭并一带;对应3次强降水时段,雷达回波强度、回波顶高、VIL出现了3次峰值,径向速度出现了气旋式辐合和逆风区结构,逆风区出现时间较强降水出现提前了20～30min,与强降水的发生、发展和减弱有较好的对应关系;闪电发生高密度区位于降水中心前缘,闪电频率突然增大时间较强降水出现超前1h。 相似文献
10.
利用地面、高空观测资料、卫星和多普勒雷达资料、ERA-Interim再分析资料,对2012年8月17日(12·08)和2017年7月16日(17·07)四川盆地西部两次暖区暴雨过程的环境条件、中尺度对流系统、雷达回波特征和动力抬升条件等预报着眼点进行了对比分析。结果表明:两次过程均出现在低层偏南暖湿气流和地面热低压之中,12·08暴雨发生在副高边缘,水汽输送条件更好,对流持续时间更长,17·07暴雨发生在高空低涡切变后部,高层冷平流使得位势不稳定更强,对流强度更剧烈;12·08暴雨中尺度对流系统沿副高外围自南向北缓慢移动,具有明显列车效应,其强回波质心高度较低,属于积状云为主的混合性降水,17·07暴雨中尺度对流系统在高空低涡后部偏北气流引导下自北向南快速移动,其强回波质心高度较高,属于积状云降水;地面辐合线为对流的发生发展提供了较好的动力触发条件,两次过程强降水均随着地面辐合线的生成而发生,且强降水中心出现在中尺度辐合线附近,并随着辐合线而移动。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献