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1.
In this study, we employed National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data and records from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones to investigate three factors: sea-surface temperature(SST), vertical wind shear(VWS),and the density of the core convection(DCC), which are responsible for the rapid intensification(RI) of 1949-2013 offshore typhoons. Our analysis results of these composite factors show that in the environmental wind field the typhoons are far away from the outer strong VWS; in the SST field they are in the high SST area; and the core convective activity is robust and takes a bimodal pattern. The difference in RI between typhoons over the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) is a smaller VWS for the ECS typhoons, which may be one of the reasons why typhoons in the ECS are more intense than those in the SCS. Our study results indicate that SST, VWS, and DCC can result in an RI after a certain time interval of 36 h, 24 h to 30 h, and 24 h, respectively. The RI indicates a lag in the atmospheric response to oceanic conditions. This lag characteristic makes it possible to predict RI events. In summary, where the SST is high(≥28 ℃), the VWS is small, and the DCC is high, an RI will occur. Where mid-range SSTs occur(26 ℃≤SST≤28 ℃), with small VWS, and high DCC, the RI of typhoons is also likely to occur. 相似文献
2.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及中国气象局上海台风研究所（简称上海台风所）整编的《热带气旋年鉴》,分析了超强台风“威马逊”在南海加强过程中水汽输送的变化特征,着重探讨台风强度变化与10~30 d低频水汽输送的关系,并从低频场出发寻找台风强度变化的前期信号。研究结果表明:（1）“威马逊”有两条主要的水汽通道,分别为孟加拉湾通道和南海通道,孟加拉湾通道的水汽输送强度大于南海通道;（2）“威马逊”近海加强与10~30 d低频水汽输送有紧密的联系。在热带低频系统作用下,孟加拉湾通道的低频偏西水汽和南海通道的低频偏南水汽在南海汇聚,为“威马逊”的增强提供了有利条件;（3）对于在海南岛东部登陆的台风,其登陆强度与超前5~7 d孟加拉湾通道的低频偏西水汽输送呈现显著的负相关,与南海通道的低频偏南水汽输送有较弱的负相关。若前期从两个通道截面流入的低频水汽输送通量位于低频振荡的谷值时,则有利于其后5~7 d台风在南海加强,反之减弱。 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR FNL资料对“狮子山”（1006）和“天兔”（1319）两个台风造成山东半岛秋季远距离大暴雨的特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：1）造成两次大暴雨的天气形势和物理量特征有相似,也有差异。2）两个台风的生成源地、移动路径以及强度差别均很大,大暴雨发生在台风登陆后从广东移到广西的过程中,高空北支冷槽、台风倒槽和850 hPa切变线是造成山东半岛大暴雨的主要天气系统。3）台风东侧和副热带高压之间850 hPa偏强东南气流将东海、黄海的水汽源源不断输送到山东半岛并在此辐合;低层辐合、高层辐散和垂直上升运动均利于大暴雨的发生;大暴雨发生前大气处于不稳定大气层结;台风和中纬度系统相互作用形成两层或三层锋区的斜压性特殊结构及高空急流的增强是山东半岛秋季台风远距离大暴雨的重要特征。4）两次大暴雨过程中低空急流特征、锋区斜压性结构特征、不稳定大气层结特征存在较大差异。 相似文献
4.
ACTIONS OF TYPHOONS OVER THE WESTERN PACIFIC (INCLUDING THE SOUTH CHINA SEA) AND EL NINO 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Li Chongyin 《大气科学进展》1988,5(1):107-116
According to me lime cross-section or SSI in me equatorial eastern racing and me historical data on typhoon actions over the western Pacific (including the South China Sea), a composite analysis of the actions of typhoon over the western Pacific in El Nino year (SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific are continuously higher than normal) and in the inverse El Nino year (there are continuative negative anomalies of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific) is carried out. The results show that the actions of typhoon are in close relation with El Nino: The annual average number of typhoons over the western Pacific and South China Sea is less than normal in El Nino year and more in the inverse El Nino year; The annual average number of the landing typhoon on the continent of China bears the same relationship with El Nino; The anomalies of typhoon actions mainly occur during July-November and their starting are behind the anomaly of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific.Based on the generation and development co 相似文献
5.
To quantitatively investigate the dynamic and thermal responses of the South China Sea (SCS) during and subsequent to the passage of a real typhoon, a three-dimensional, regional coupled air–sea model is developed to study the upper ocean response of the SCS to Typhoon Krovanh (2003). Owing to the scarcity of ocean observations, the three-dimensional numerical modeling with high resolution, as a powerful tool, offers a valuable opportunity to investigate how the air–sea process proceeds under such extreme conditions. The amplitude and distribution of the cold path produced by the coupled model compare reasonably well with the TRMM/TMI-derived data. The maximum SST cooling is 5.3 °C, about 80 km to the right of the typhoon track, which is consistent with the well-documented rightward bias in the SST response to typhoons. In correspondence to the SST cooling, the mixed layer depth exhibits an increase; the increases in the mixed layer depth on the right of typhoon track are significantly higher than those on the left, with maxima of 58 m. This correspondence indicates that the SST cooling is caused mainly by entrainment. Under the influence of typhoon, a cyclonic, near-surface current field is generated in the upper ocean layer, which moves with the typhoon. The typhoon-induced horizontal currents in the wake of the storm have strong near-inertial oscillation, which gradually propagates downward. The unique features of the SCS response to Typhoon Krovanh are also discussed, such as Kuroshio intrusion and coastal subsurface jets. 相似文献
6.
利用JRA55再分析资料和近30年台风资料,采用动态合成分析方法对1986—2015年有/无大气河伴随的登陆台风大尺度环流和水汽场特征进行了合成分析,以探讨大气河对登陆台风演变的影响,主要结论如下:30年内登陆中国大陆的台风中,有大气河伴随和无大气河伴随的大约各占50%,平均陆上维持时间前者（38 h）长于后者（22.5 h）。有大气河伴随的台风登陆后,台风与副热带高压间的等高线密集,台风在中纬度槽前移动过程中有逐渐向斜压锋区靠近的趋势,而无大气河伴随的台风登陆后,台风与副热带高压间的等高线稀疏,也无长波槽靠近;有大气河伴随的台风登陆后,仍然与西南风低空急流和超低空急流水汽输送通道相连,台风涡旋区大风核伸展高度高,而无大气河伴随的台风登陆后与强水汽通道断开;登陆台风是水汽汇的一个高值中心,夏季印度季风环流和南海夏季风是向台风输送水汽的主要通道。有大气河伴随的台风,水汽输送速度的大小和辐合的强度明显大于无大气河伴随的台风,且其水汽辐合呈准对称结构,而无大气河伴随的台风其水汽辐合呈不对称结构,北侧的冷性强水汽输送会加速台风的填塞;有大气河伴随的台风登陆后,其南边界一直维持较强的水汽输送,台风区域总的水汽收入减小缓慢,而无大气河伴随的台风登陆后,台风区域总的水汽收入迅速减小;从垂直分布来看,有大气河伴随的台风在登陆后48 h内,其低层气旋式环流结构较完整,4个边界均有净的水汽输入,随着高度升高结构趋于松散。而无大气河伴随的台风在登陆24 h后其气旋式环流结构已不完整。 相似文献
7.
西北太平洋夏季风的变化对台风生成的影响 总被引：40，自引：8，他引：40
研究了西北太平洋夏季风特征及其季风槽结构对台风生成的影响。当西北太平洋季风槽增强并向东扩展使季风加强时,西北太平洋的风速垂直切变、高低空辐散风、湿度和海温等都对台风的生成产生有利的影响,台风数明显比季风槽弱时多。而且对台风生成的位置也有很大的影响,即季风槽强时,台风的生成位置偏东,季风槽弱时台风的位置偏西。这表明西北太平洋夏季风主要是通过季风槽活动影响台风的生成。而夏季风的强弱对台风也有影响,在西北太平洋夏季风的活跃阶段,西北太平洋夏季风强时,台风生成的比较多,夏季风中断时台风生成的比较少。西北太平洋夏季风通过季风的季节内振荡对西北太平洋台风也有显著的影响。季节内振荡对台风生成的影响主要以30—60 d振荡为主。在这种低频振荡对流活动的湿位相时期台风生成个数明显多,干位相时期台风生成的少。而且低频振荡的西风位相也有利于台风生成,在东风位相时生成的台风少。另外,还研究了多台风期西北太平洋夏季的特征(群发性),发现在这些时期,存在强的季风槽,弱的垂直切变与充足的水汽供应。这表明西北太平洋台风时空的群发性与夏季风活动的异常密切相关。 相似文献
8.
厄尼诺与南海的台风活动 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对厄尼诺年(赤道东太平洋SST有持续正距平)和反厄尼诺年(赤道东太平洋SST有持续负距平)南海的台风(包括进入南海的西太平洋台风和在南海生成的台风)活动进行了统计分析。结果表明,厄尼诺同南海的台风活动有明显关系:厄尼诺年平均台风数偏少,反厄尼诺年平均台风数偏多,其异常主要发生在8—11月份;在两广沿海登陆的平均台风数也是厄尼诺年偏少,反厄尼诺年偏多,其异常以10和11月最显著;在北部湾海域活动的台风多在8—9月份,也是厄尼诺年偏少,反厄尼诺年偏多。文本也对厄尼诺如何影响南海的台风活动提出了初步看法。 相似文献
9.
10.
本文择优选取了国际耦合模式比较计划第五阶段（CMIP5）中19个气候模式的试验数据，预估了RCP4.5和RCP8.5典型浓度路径情景下21世纪末（2080～2099年）西北太平洋地区（0°～40°N，100°E～180°）台风环境场和台风生成潜力指数（IGP）变化。结果表明，相对于1986～2005年参考时段，21世纪末西北太平洋海洋表面温度（SST）增加，垂直风切变（VWS）和向外长波辐射（OLR）均在其与台风频数呈显著负相关的区域减少，有利于台风生成和发展；由大陆向南海延伸的低压系统减弱，不利于台风活动。总体上，在RCP8.5情景下台风环境场的变化较RCP4.5情景相对更大。利用信噪比进一步考察了模式间差异性，SST变化的信噪比在大部分地区大于3.0，在低压系统控制区海平面气压变化的信噪比大于1.0，模式间一致性较好；对于VWS和OLR，信噪比小于0.6，模式间差异较大；但在与台风频数显著负相关的地区，对OLR变化方向的模拟在模式间高度一致。与以上环境场变化相对应，未来西北太平洋IGP显著增加。 相似文献
11.
大连两次台风暴雨过程对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规气象资料、加密气象自动观测站资料及NCEP再分析资料对2017年8月3日和2012年8月3日发生在大连地区的“海棠”(1710)和“达维”(1210)两次台风暴雨过程进行对比诊断分析。通过对台风路径、环流形势、双台风相互作用等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:这两次台风暴雨过程的降水系统为典型的双台风降水模型,在两个台风的北部都有不同强度的冷空卷入,触发对流不稳定,有利于中尺度暴雨云团的发展。低层850hPa上均有不同程度的切变辐合,高空有急流的建立;两次过程主要降水时段内强降水中心从低层到高层均出现了强烈的上升运动,暴雨中心上空维持着高层辐散、低层辐合。日本海南部存在台风迫使副热带高压转为径向型或形成阻塞高压,双台风或三台风与副热带高压之间形成的低空急流为暴雨的生成和维持提供了有利的动力条件和水汽条件。台风“海棠”残余环流与高空槽相结合,高空槽带来的冷空气更加强烈,锋生效果更加明显,这种情况更有利于强对流的发生发展。台风“苏拉”与影响大连的台风“达维”相互作用导致强降水阶段暖湿气流更加旺盛,降水持续时间更长,范围更广。 相似文献
12.
Based on MM5,POM,and WW3,a regional atmosphere-ocean-wave coupled system is developed in this work under the environment of Message Passing Interface.The coupled system is applied in a study of two typhoon processes in the South China Sea(SCS).The results show that the coupled model operates steadily and efficiently and exhibits good capability in simulating typhoon processes.It improves the simulation accuracy of the track and intensity of the typhoon.The response of ocean surface to the typhoon is remarkable,especially on the right side of the typhoon track.The sea surface temperature(SST)declines,and the ocean current and wave height are intensified.In the coupling experiment,the decline of SST intensifies and the inertial oscillation amplitude of the ocean current increases when the ocean-wave effect is considered.Therefore,the atmosphere-ocean-wave coupled system can help in the study of air-sea interaction and improve the capability of predicting and preventing weather and oceanic disasters in SCS. 相似文献
13.
我国登陆台风频率变化与太平洋海表温度场的关系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
该文研究了１９５１～１９９７年我国登陆台风与太平洋海温场的关系．研究表明,ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年登陆台风偏少,第二类ＬａＮｉｎａ年的当年登陆台风也偏少,而其相邻年登陆台风将偏多．赤道东太平洋海表面温度正常年我国登陆台风数偏多或正常,偏少的可能性较小．登陆台风数与赤道太平洋海温呈负相关,而与１０°Ｎ以北的中太平洋和西北太平洋海区海温呈正相关 相似文献
14.
Datasets of equivalent temperature of black body (TBB) and sea surface temperature (SST)
ranging from 1980 to 1997 are used to diagnose and analyze the characteristics of frequency spectrum and
strength of intraseasonal variation of convection. The relationship between the strength of intraseasonal
oscillation of convection, strength of convection itself and SST in the South China Sea (SCS) is studied. It is
shown that, there are distinguishable annual, interannual and interdecadal variations in both strength and
frequency spectrum of intraseasonal variation of convection in SCS. There are connections between strength of
convection, strength of ISO1 in the summer half (s.h.) year and SST in ensuing winter half (w.h.) year in SCS.
The strong (weak) convection and strong (weak) ISO1 are associated with negative (positive) bias of SST in
ensuing w.h. year in SCS. 相似文献
15.
利用中央气象台台风实时业务定位资料和地面气象观测资料对2020年西北太平洋和南海的台风活动主要特征以及主要影响我国的台风路径、强度及风雨情况进行了统计分析。2020年西北太平洋和南海共有23个台风生成,较多年平均值（27.0个）偏少4.0个;有5个台风登陆我国,较多年平均值（7.0个）偏少2.0个。2020年台风活动的主要特征有：台风生成源地明显偏西;生成总数偏少,极值强度偏弱;7月“空台”,是1949年以来历史首次;8月台风活跃,出现多个近海快速增强的台风;8月下旬至9月上旬,3个台风连续北上影响我国东北地区,历史罕见;10月生成的台风个数较常年偏多,先后影响我国南海或中南半岛。 相似文献
16.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FREQUENCY SPECTRUM VARIATION OF INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF CONVECTION DURING SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1 INTRODUCTIONSituated in the region of East Asian Monsoon(EAM), weather and climate in China are deeplyinfluenced by the activities of EAM. Especially inflood seasons, distribution of precipitation, movementof rain-bands and occurrence of droughts and fl… 相似文献
17.
The upper-ocean responses to Typhoon Megi(2010)are investigated using data from ARGO floats and the satellite TMI.The experiments are conducted using a three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model(POM)to assess the storm,which affected the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWP)and the South China Sea(SCS).Results show that the upwelling and entrainment experiment together account for 93% of the SST anomalies,where typhoon-induced upwelling may cause strong ocean cooling.In addition,the anomalous SST cooling is stronger in the SCS than in the NWP.The most striking feature of the ocean response is the presence of a two-layer inertial wave in the SCS—a feature that is absent in the NWP.The near-inertial oscillations can be generated as typhoon wakes,which have maximum flow velocity in the surface mixed layer and may last for a few days,after the typhoon's passage.Along the typhoon tracks,the horizontal currents in the upper ocean show a series of alternating negative and positive anomalies emanating from the typhoon. 相似文献
18.
利用日本气象厅提供的西北太平洋台风最佳路径观测资料,选取东海海区为研究范围,统计处理1951—2015年台风各要素资料,研究进入东海海区的台风频数、台风登陆点位置、台风频数及登陆点位置与太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO）及ENSO的关系、影响台风生成和移动的因素等。结果表明：1）每年的7—9月为东海海区的台风高发季,其中8月最高,登陆台风也有相似趋势。2）进入东海海域的台风频数存在较明显的年际和年代际变化趋势。当PDO处于暖位相时,台风频数较小且有上升趋势,反之亦然。El Niño年进入东海海区的台风频数较常年减少,反之亦然。Niño3.4指数与台风频数整体上为负相关关系,相关系数为-0.32且通过90%置信度检验。3）进入东海海域的台风登陆点纬度变化较大,处于24~36°N之间,且有年代际变化特征。当PDO处于暖（冷）位相时,台风登陆点偏北（偏南）且有向北（南）移动的趋势。而登陆点纬度与ENSO的关系较为复杂。4）西北太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度是引起台风频数及登陆点位置变化的主要原因之一。当PDO处于冷位相时,西北太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,且副高中心向东向北方向移动,导致进入东海的台风频数偏多,且台风登陆点偏北,反之亦然。 相似文献
19.
The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics. 相似文献
20.
Numerical modeling and experiments are conducted for the South China Sea typhoons Helen (1995) and Willie (1996) with an auto-adaptive mesh model. It is shown that durating the stage of dissipation the typhoons are mainly related with the subtropical high rather than the topography. The high is sensitive to the intensity change of the typhoon so that the former weakens as the latter strengthens and vice versa. Maintaining the typhoon as a main factor, the release of latent heat is in reversed proportion with the subtropical high in terms of the intensity. It is found that the storm tends to be maintained if it moves close to the westerly trough after landfall. 相似文献