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1.
基于修订Copula函数的中国干旱特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《干旱气象》2016,(2)
利用中国613个站点1961~2010年逐月降水数据,基于游程理论从月标准化降水指数(SPI)序列中分离出干旱事件,并通过K-S检验方法对其干旱强度和干旱历时2个特征量的分布函数进行检验。在此基础上,利用Copula函数建立2个特征量的二维联合概率分布函数,对比分析干旱历时分布函数修订前后对不同类型干旱联合概率及重现期的影响。结果表明:干旱强度特征量符合Gamma分布,而干旱历时特征量并非完全符合指数分布,因此需对干旱历时分布函数进行必要的修订。在干旱历时分布函数修订情况下,大部分干旱类型的联合概率减小,少部分干旱类型的联合概率增大;且不同类型干旱的联合重现期增大。在干旱历时尺度相同时,随着干旱强度的增加,最大和最小联合重现期的差异无明显变化;但在干旱强度相同时,最大和最小联合重现期的差异随着干旱历时的增加而明显增大。 相似文献
2.
刘晓云王劲松李耀辉杨金虎岳平田庆明杨庆华 《气象学报》2015,(6):1080-1091
为了准确认识和分析与旱灾致灾因子危险性相关的干旱特征变量,利用中国南方96个气象站1961—2012年逐月降水资料,基于Clayton、Frank、Galambos、Gumbel以及Plackett Copula函数,建立了服从威布尔分布的干旱历时、服从对数正态分布的干旱严重程度两个相关特征变量的联合分布模型,择优使用Frank Copula函数计算了中国南方干旱条件概率与条件重现期,比较分析了该区域干旱事件第1、第2联合重现期的空间分布特征。研究表明,干旱严重程度(干旱历时)的条件概率分布随着干旱历时(干旱严重程度)阈值的增大而减小;干旱严重程度(干旱历时)的条件重现期与干旱历时(干旱严重程度)阈值成正比。当干旱历时阈值为6个月、干旱严重程度阈值为6时,中国南方整体存在较大的干旱风险,研究区整体第1"且"(干旱历时和干旱严重程度均超过给定阈值)联合重现期平均为4.8 a,第1"或"(干旱历时和干旱严重程度有一个超过给定阈值)联合重现期平均为2.6 a,第2"或"联合重现期平均为3.5 a。当干旱历时阈值为9个月、干旱严重程度阈值为13.5时,研究区整体第1"且"联合重现期平均为12.6 a,第1"或"联合重现期平均为4.7 a,第2"或"联合重现期平均为7.7 a。中国南方的干旱高风险的区域主要位于四川盆地、贵州东北部、广西北部、广东西部以及云南大部分地区;低风险的区域主要位于四川西北部,四川、云南、贵州三省交汇区以及广东中部地区。 相似文献
3.
利用广义极值分布函数拟合1981—2016年重庆34个国家气象站短历时(1、3、6、12 h)极值降水序列,对拟合结果进行显著性水平检验,并给出不同重现期极值降水的空间分布。结果表明:广义极值分布函数能较好地拟合重庆地区的短历时极值降水。随着降水历时的延长,服从Weibull分布(Frechet分布)的站点数逐渐减少(增加)。各短历时不同重现期降水的空间分布具体表现为10 a以下及20 a以上基本相似,位于长江沿线以北的重庆西北部地区降水量明显大于重庆长江沿线以南地区,且渝东南降水的相对大值区位于彭水地区。随着重现期的增加,降水中心更加集中,渝东北的大值中心随着历时的延长向北移动。广义极值分布函数的形状参数的绝对值接近或超出0.5时,计算的高重现期(大于样本长度)极值降水存在较大偏差;当不同历时降水拟合的形状参数值具有明显差异时,高重现期降水可能出现与客观规律相悖的现象。 相似文献
4.
近年来，长江流域干旱事件频发，干旱灾害造成的损失越来越大，为进一步提升区域干旱灾害风险管理及防旱抗旱能力，开展典型旱区干旱时空演变规律研究具有重要意义。“衡邵娄干旱走廊”是湖南省干旱最严重区域，利用该区域33个气象站1971—2022年逐月降水量构建标准化降水指数（Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI）序列数据集，以邵阳县为示例，应用游程理论整合干旱事件，基于Gumbel-Copula函数构建干旱历时和强度联合分布函数，计算干旱联合重现期并推广至整个研究区域，在此基础上构建干旱等级划分标准，分析整个研究区域各等级干旱概率空间分布特征。主要结论如下：邵阳县Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干旱历时和强度理论联合重现期峰值分别约97、27 a，表明长历时且高强度干旱事件发生概率很小，远低于长历时或高强度干旱事件发生概率，这是研究区干旱事件的共性。基于干旱历时和强度联合分布组合可有效避免单一变量在识别干旱等级时对干旱事件整体的分割，能够更准确评估干旱的复杂性及大范围影响。近52 a来，“衡邵娄干旱走廊”西部轻旱最频繁，重旱与特旱发生频率低，特旱主要分布在邵阳县、邵东县及双峰县一带... 相似文献
5.
选择适宜的极值分布模型有助于提高极值序列再现期极值的准确度。基于1981—2010年湖南省97个地面气象观测站逐时降水观测资料,构建逐站年和季1 h、3 h、12 h最大降水量序列,运用Pearson-Ⅲ型、Gumbel、对数正态、Cauchy和Weibull 5种分布函数对湖南省3种短历时最大降水量序列进行极值分布拟合。结果表明：1981—2010年湖南省中北部地区3种短历时降水极值分布符合Gumbel分布模型,Weibull分布次之;湖南省南部地区3种短历时降水极值分布则仅符合Gumbel分布模型。在此基础上,应用Gumbel分布模型估算湖南省各站重现期为百年的降水极值,结果表明1 h、3 h、12 h的年降水极值高值中心分别位于湘东南地区、湖南省西部地区和湘西北地区;各季降水极值中心与年极值中心略有不同。 相似文献
6.
本文基于长三角地区1960—2019年逐日降水观测数据以及2015年1 km格网的GDP和人口数据,借助区域降水事件提取方法共识别出2109次区域降水事件,并利用不同分布函数确定不同重现期下降水强度和降水日数的阈值,进一步采用国际减灾战略(ISDR)的灾害风险评估模型,从危险性与脆弱性综合评价长三角地区区域降水风险及其空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)对于降水强度,GEV函数拟合效果最优;对于降水日数,EXP函数和POISS函数拟合效果最好;(2)长三角不同重现期下区域降水的危险性均从中部地区向南北两侧递减;(3)长三角脆弱性由东部沿海向内陆逐渐降低;(4)不同重现期下长三角区域降水风险均是由东部沿海向内陆降低,其中各大中心城市始终是高风险区。 相似文献
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基于日本APHRO格点降水数据计算格点SPI序列,兼顾时空连续性,定义了一种大范围长历时干旱的识别方法。该方法以我国国土面积的10%作为大范围干旱事件影响范围的最小阈值,同时给定了干旱事件影响区域的空间连续和时间连续的判定标准,另辅以干旱烈度计算方法和干旱中心的识别方法,给出了此类干旱事件的面积、历时、烈度及干旱中心的指数定义和事件的识别过程。在此基础上,识别了我国1961—2015年以来的69次大范围干旱事件,得出这69次大范围干旱事件的平均面积指数为30.49%,平均干旱历时为8.15个月,平均干旱烈度为-4.192。利用此方法对1998—2002年发生在华北地区的持续性区域干旱事件进行再分析。结果表明,这一时期的干旱事件不仅局限于华北地区,同时也波及到东北、西北、西南和东南等地,涉及了4次大范围长历时的干旱过程。 相似文献
8.
《广东气象》2020,(4)
为了了解广东省热带气旋降水时空分布特征和估算重现期,利用客观天气图分析法,将热带气旋降水从站点降水观测资料中分离,在此基础上统计和分析了1951—2012年间热带气旋降水的时空分布特征,并基于Gumbel分布函数对热带气旋年总降水量(ATP)和年最大降水量(AEP)进行了重现期估算。结果表明:1951—2012年间广东省热带气旋降水呈减少趋势,1980年之前明显多于1980年之后。广东省热带气旋降水分布为北少南多,且极端热带气旋过程带来的降水量可超过热带气旋年均降水总量。拟合结果显示Gumbel分布函数可以较好地估算广东省热带气旋降水重现期;在相同的重现期下,ATP的空间差异较AEP大;重现水平越高的热带气旋过程产生的降水空间分布越不均匀。 相似文献
9.
客观分析强降水事件的发生频率及其致灾因子危险性,能为局地洪涝灾害的防灾、减灾规划及灾害预警提供科学依据。探讨了基于二元Copula函数的强降水致灾变量联合分布及其在强降水危险性分析中的应用。利用北京地区2005-2014年逐时降水资料提取强降水事件案例,通过建立能反映两个主要致灾因素--降水持续时间和过程降水量依存关系的二元联合分布模型,计算了北京地区强降水事件条件重现期,并以此为基础开展危险性分析。研究表明,北京地区强降水事件的持续时间多小于24 h,且主要服从广义极值和对数正态分布,而过程降水量则更适用于广义极值分布;通过Gumbel Copula函数能较好刻画过程降水量与持续时间的相互依存关系。北京地区短时强降水重现期受持续时间影响明显,仅基于降水量的重现期估算会低估其致灾危险性,利用基于Copula函数的条件重现期能更合理描述不同强降水情景致灾因子的危险性特征及其空间差异性特征。北京地区持续时间小于12 h、过程降水量在50 mm以上的强降水事件多呈东北-西南走向,而持续时间在6 h以内的50 mm以上强降水则在北京城区及东北部地区更加频繁。 相似文献
10.
利用1961—2021年绕阳河流域周边8个气象站的逐日降水资料,以降水持续时间和降水强度作为判断降水事件的两个要素,运用Copula函数确定降水事件的联合概率和重现期,并构建危险性评估模型,分析绕阳河流域降水事件危险性空间特征。结果表明：绕阳河流域周边不同地区降水事件的持续时间和降水强度的最大值存在显著差异。Lognormal和Logistic函数对两个降水要素的拟合效果较好,Clayton函数适合反映两要素联合下降水发生的概率。随着降水持续时间和降水强度的增加,极端降水事件的危险性快速升高;不同地区降水事件的概率和重现期存在着显著差异,阜新站降水持续7 d,强度达到60 mm的事件每10 a出现一次,而盘锦站和北镇站发生持续6 d以上的降水事件较少,多为20 a一遇;降水事件危险性高值区处于绕阳河流域南部,主要位于盘锦、辽中和北镇。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献