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干侵入在黄河气旋爆发性发展中的作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用数字化的6.7,um卫星水汽图像资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6小时1°×1°再分析等资料和干侵入、位涡理论,对2007年3月3—5日引发渤海强风暴潮的黄河气旋发展过程进行了天气动力学分析,揭示干侵人在爆发性黄河气旋中的特征和作用。结果表明：本次渤海强风暴潮是发生在泰米尔半岛附近不稳定小槽东移发展,东亚大槽重建的过程中,是对流层高层干侵入下沉引起黄河气旋爆发性发展产生强东北大风所致。干侵入具有高位势涡度特征,高位涡区和水汽图像上的暗区形态及强度变化特征对气旋生命史不同阶段有预报指示意义。干冷和暖湿气流沿着等熵面Ω型皱折带南北流动,使得等熵面陡峭程度加大,大气的斜压性增强;尽管高层干侵入在下沉过程中会产生增温效应,但在下沉运动和强冷平流效应的共同作用下,地面气旋的上空出现水平方向温度比临近地区低的现象,大气静力稳定度减小,绝对涡度（ζ_p＋f）增大,促使中低层气旋性涡度发展,垂直上升运动迅速加强,导致地面气旋强烈发展。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°的再分析资料、常规观测资料和风云2E卫星云图资料,分析研究2011年4月26-27日突发性黄河气旋造成黄渤海大风的物理变化过程及诊断黄河气旋发生、发展的物理机制.结果表明:这次大风是在欧亚中高纬环流发生调整,高纬不稳定小槽东移发展及东亚大槽重建的过程中发生的.突发性强烈发展的黄河气旋使黄渤海产生强偏北大风.在气旋发展初期涡度平流起了主要作用,而在气旋发展中温度平流又起了主要作用;冷锋上的斜压性对于气旋发生发展起着重要作用,斜压性有利于有效位能的释放、动能制造及气旋加强;气旋始终位于Q矢量散度梯度最大区域,有利的动力和热力条件使得能量积累,促使气旋前期发展、后期维持.高空偏西急流和低空偏南急流的相互耦合,低空暖湿气流的热力强迫,使得低层大气产生强上升运动,黄河气旋强烈发展.变压梯度、气压梯度、高空风动量下传和超低空急流的偏差风辐散的共同作用,形成黄渤海强风. 相似文献
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一次黄渤海入海气旋强烈发展的诊断分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
针对2007年3月造成黄渤海地区特大风暴潮的一次人海气旋发生与发展过程,采用NCEP资料并利用涡度倾向方程对其进行诊断分析与研究。结果表明,气旋的发展过程主要分为三个阶段：初期的气旋发展由低层开始,对流层低层具有明显的锋区和斜压性;当气旋入海时,高空槽移动到低层低值系统之上,涡度平流加强,高低层涡度平流差异成为气旋快速发展的主要动力;气旋发展的第三阶段是南北两支西风槽合并加强,使对流层中层的气旋性涡度增加,导致对流层中下层垂直上升运动增强,潜热释放增强,气旋发展达到最强。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(3)
利用FY-2E卫星TBB资料、日本GMS卫星TBB资料及NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料对两次登陆后北上影响天津地区的热带气旋(0421号"海马"和1210号"达维")进行对比分析。结果表明:影响天津地区的两个热带气旋北上之后造成的降水呈不对称分布,分别发生在热带气旋"海马"中心北到西北侧(移动路径前方)和热带气旋"达维"中心东北侧,与动力条件(上升运动)和热力条件(暖平流)的不对称分布有关。两个热带气旋在北上过程中不同程度与西风槽产生相互作用,区别在于热带气旋"海马"遇到的高空槽比较深厚,与槽前偏南急流产生耦合作用,同时高空有高位涡下传至对流层低层,诱使地面气旋发展;而热带气旋"达维"遇到的高空槽比较弱,仅靠近高空槽底部,耦合作用不明显,高空也没有明显的正位涡下传至低层,不利于地面气旋的维持发展,导致热带气旋"海马"在登陆后减弱情况下又发展加强,而热带气旋"达维"则一直减弱直到消散在渤海海面。 相似文献
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尽管关于温带气旋发展和演变的观点不尽相同,但目前普遍被接受的两种模型是:挪威气旋模型、Shapiro和Keyser模型。以FY-2E卫星云图为基础,先给出8个温带气旋过程实例,然后结合常规高空、地面观测及NCEP的1°×1°再分析场等资料,通过个例分析,对暖锋后弯气旋发生发展的环流背景、结构及成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)卫星云图显示东亚陆地上温带气旋存在T-bone结构和暖锋后弯的事实。(2)温带气旋发生在500 h Pa东亚大陆中高纬两脊一槽的背景下,槽加深及下游脊的发展有利于气旋的发展,与经典温带气旋发生发展的环流背景类似。(3)2012年5月11—13日个例分析表明蒙古气旋中存在锋面波动、锋面断裂、T-bone结构和暖锋后弯、暖核被隔离现象;暖核可从地面向上伸展到600 h Pa。(4)在地面气旋初生和发展阶段,地面气旋中心西侧高低层正相对涡度区呈后倾结构;当高低层正涡度区几乎垂直重合时,地面气旋停止发展;气旋中心西侧对流层中低层的锋区一直存在。(5)当高低层涡度平流差值为正、300 h Pa正涡度平流引起的辐散叠加到对流层中低层锋区之上,地面气旋才会生成和发展。逐渐增强的暖平流从气旋中心的东部和北部向气旋的西部和西南部输送,从而形成了卫星云图上的T-bone结构和暖锋后弯现象。 相似文献
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一次北上江南气旋的结构特征与演变机理分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规的高空、地面观测、NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料和FY-2E水汽图像等资料,分析了一次北上的江南气旋降水分布、生成环境、结构特征及气旋发展和移动的成因。结果表明:(1)气压场形状和强降水落区的演变类似于Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型。(2)江南气旋发生并向北发展,表现为250 hPa高空辐散,500 hPa西北槽与高原东部槽东移合并、下游脊加强环流的背景。(3)这次气旋虽然没有出现Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型中明显的暖锋后弯现象,但在低压中心附近存在弱的暖核,该核主要位于850 hPa以下层次。(4)当正相对涡度区随高度向西倾斜、地面气旋中心西侧的冷锋锋区增强、高层相对涡度值增大时,气旋处于快速加深过程中;当高低层正相对涡度中心几乎垂直重合、且对流层低层冷锋锋区减弱,则气旋缓慢发展。(5)暖湿气流向北发展和垂直于暖锋的次级环流加强使得暖锋附近的降水增强。(6)用准地转ω运动方程诊断得到,在气旋的初生阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度几乎为0,气旋基本不发展;但其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值大,有利于气旋快速向东北方向移动。在气旋发展阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度加大,气旋快速发展,但其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值减小使得气旋移速缓慢。在气旋发展停滞阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度微弱,气旋发展趋于停止,且其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值继续减小,气旋移速进一步变缓。 相似文献
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基于NCEP 6 h一次,0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）水平分辨率的GFS（Global Forecasting System）再分析数据,利用数值模式WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）,对2014年11月上旬西北太平洋一次极端强度的爆发气旋事件进行了模拟。在成功复制爆发气旋主要特征的基础上,较详细的分析了本次爆发气旋快速发展的有利环境条件,并利用分片位涡反演的方法,对此次爆发气旋的快速发展过程进行了研究,主要结论如下:（1）本次爆发气旋的爆发性发展阶段维持了约27 h,其最大加深率约为3.98 Bergeron（气旋加深率单位）,最低中心气压约为919.2 hPa。（2）爆发气旋的快速发展与对流层高层高空急流对热量的输送,对流层中层西风带短波槽槽前暖平流和正涡度平流的有利准地转强迫,以及对流层低层暖锋伴随的暖平流过程密切相关。（3）分片位涡反演的结果表明,对流层顶皱褶对应的平流层大值位涡下传和降水凝结潜热过程造成的正位涡异常是本次爆发气旋快速发展的主导因子,而对流层低层的斜压过程贡献相对较小。在气旋爆发期的前期和强盛期,降水凝结潜热释放是爆发气旋发展的最重要因子,而在爆发期后期,随着降水的减弱和爆发气旋的东北向移动,对流层顶皱褶作用所造成的正位涡异常成为维持气旋快速发展的最有利因子。 相似文献
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对1950-2010年影响浙西南的热带气旋降水的移动路径、影响时间、强度、西风槽、西南季风以及地形等主要因子进行分析.结果表明:在玉环南-厦门一带登陆的热带气旋是影响浙西南的热带气旋中正面影响浙西南的类型,影响时间和最大平均过程降雨量、最大过程雨量存在着正相关关系,热带气旋的强度与其降水强度相关性较高.西风槽的存在不仅影响着热带气旋路径的变化,其槽前的西南气流也为热带气旋降水提供充足的水汽,同时槽后冷空气与热带气旋相结合,使丽水的西北部出现另一个强降水中心.西南季风为登陆后的热带气旋提供了水汽条件,使降水得到增幅.浙西南独特的地形,使在厦门以北到玉环以南登陆后西进、西北行或西北行后在120°E以西转向北上的热带气旋迎着山脉进入,降水强度明显加强. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献