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1.
利用常规气象观测、多普勒雷达、卫星资料和区域自动站观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2011年6月11日豫北局地强对流天气的预报预警特征和触发机制进行分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的,高低层中尺度影响系统(槽、切变线、大风速轴)交汇处右侧是强对流发生潜势区。局地强对流天气发生前,CAPE较大,0-6 km垂直风切变达到中等偏强,有利于超级单体的形成和发展。高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大。中-β尺度强对流云团在东北冷涡槽底后部形成,其发展演变对局地强对流天气预报预警有参考意义。强对流回波经历了细胞状、带状发展期和块状减弱期。回波带南侧形成的超级单体造成了局地强风雹天气,冰雹发生时伴有“三体散射”现象。冷空气和地面辐合线是强对流天气的主要触发机制;地面辐合线对强对流天气还有提示作用。 相似文献
2.
利用常规的地面、高空形势图以及雷达观测资料,对2017年4月15日发生在湖北恩施山区的一次局地性强冰雹天气过程的成因进行了分析。结果表明:锋前地面暖低压的热效应,加强了地面辐合和不稳定能量的积聚,使上干冷下暖湿的不稳定层结更加明显,地面辐合线和中低层切变辐合区的存在,为风暴单体形成提供了良好的环境条件;在中尺度辐合线动力抬升作用下,低层辐合上升触发了对流不稳定能量的释放,加上山区"喇叭口"有利地形的抬升作用,更激发了强对流天气的发展;此次强对流天气过程中,表现出了多单体风暴此消彼长的特征,在有利的大气环境条件和地形条件下,多单体风暴的发展加强,强风暴较长时间维持,是此次局地出现强冰雹的重要原因。雹暴单体的垂直结构反映出了低层入流、弱回波区、高强回波悬垂等典型特征,中层径向辐合和风暴顶辐散共同作用,有利于风暴单体得以维持和发展,也是造成局地冰雹天气的重要原因。单体风暴反射率因子较长时间维持在60dBz以上,并对应较大的VIL值出现;此次强冰雹天气,局地性强,影响范围小,其主要原因是0～6km垂直风切变不大,同时,中低层湿层浅薄,地面湿区明显偏南,仅在冰雹落区附近出现一个小范围的近饱和湿区,不利于风暴天气有组织的大范围发展。 相似文献
3.
一次秋季强降水超级单体风暴过程分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
利用雷达、加密自动站、NCEP再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2011年11月4日发生在江苏中北部由超级单体产生的短时强降水过程,经分析表明:(1)本次过程中500 hPa为西南暖干气流,上下层温度平流差动不明显,上下层湿度平流差动是前期位势不稳定建立的主要原因。(2)超级单体风暴低层强烈的后侧入流,不断为其输入暖湿气流,其前侧为强烈的上升气流,而高空有较强的后向流出。在这种流场的作用下,超级单体风暴的发展得到加强和维持。(3)对流首先在700 hPa相对湿度梯度大值区与地面中尺度辐合线相交处被触发,整个过程中强对流回波出现在地面中尺度辐合线附近,并伴随其东移。东移的地面辐合线与盐城东部局地生成的对流风暴所造成的地面辐散出流相遇,演变为一条新的地面辐合线,地面辐合显著增强,导致短时强降水的发生。中尺度地面辐合线的移动和增强在这次超级单体风暴过程中起到了触发和维持、加强的作用。(4)对流发展初期,地面辐合区对应着未来对流回波生成区域,有很好的超前性;随着对流发展,地面负散度大值区与对流回波区逐渐重合,当散度场出现临近正负散度中心对时,对流发展达到最强。 相似文献
4.
《湖北气象》2018,(5)
2016年6月7日下午鄂西发生一次伴有超级单体的强对流过程。利用常规地面和高空观测资料以及区域自动站、多普勒天气雷达等资料,对该过程超级单体形成的环境条件及雷达回波特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)上干下湿不稳定层结、较高的对流有效位能与强烈的低空垂直风切变是有利于超级单体产生的环境条件,地面辐合线和鄂西北山区地形对超级单体的触发和增强起到关键作用;(2)宽大有界弱回波区以及位于其上的强悬垂回波,弱回波区前侧强入流与中层径向辐合(MARC)的存在,都表明超级单体具有降雹潜势;(3)大风核(27 m·s-1)持续时间超过2 h、中气旋深厚持久、阵风锋、高空强冷平流下传以及风暴内部下沉气流的共同作用,导致了地面大风;(4)前侧入流槽口斜升气流强而持久且风暴顶辐散长时间维持,造成强降水。 相似文献
5.
江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气的中尺度特征分析 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用常规气象资料、卫星、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达等资料,对发生在江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气形势背景、环境热动力条件、强冰雹发生前地区环境场变化、超级单体雷达回波中尺度特征等进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)在东北冷涡槽后干冷气流影响下,中高层干冷、低层暖湿的不稳定层结,高低空急流以及地面辐合系统的配置为此次强对流天气的产生提供了有利热动力条件;高CAPE值、逆温层、低层适当水汽条件及较强的深层垂直风切变有利于强冰雹天气的发生。(2)利用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪数据反演垂直分布的物理量场(平均散度、平均垂直速度、相对风暴螺旋度、垂直风切变)能够反映本站上空环境场的快速变化情况:强对流系统移入本站前雷达站上空逐渐调整为低层辐合、中高层辐散的风场配置结构,螺旋度和垂直风切变数值逐渐增加,表明环境场有利于强对流系统的维持发展。(3)强降雹超级单体除具有三体散射现象、入流缺口等雷达回波中尺度特征外,持久深厚的中气旋存在造成了显著的有界弱回波区和高悬垂强回波区。应用双多普勒雷达风场反演技术揭示了超级单体内部环流结构:低层气旋性旋转,中层旋转加强,高层风场辐散。超级单体内部涡旋特征的出现和维持有利于支撑空中大冰雹的增长。 相似文献
6.
2013年湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用湖南多部雷达和探空资料、中小尺度自动气象站资料、南岳高山站逐时观测资料及LAPS局地分析资料,对2013年3月19日湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程的成因进行综合分析,并探讨强冰雹和雷暴大风预警着眼点及其可预警性。结果表明:强对流发生前,近地面晴空辐射增温、对流不稳定层结、强的垂直风切变、强温度梯度直减率以及近地层较好的水汽条件为强对流风暴发生发展提供了良好的潜势条件;中低层冷平流、地面中尺度辐合线、能量锋和露点锋以及近地面层弱辐散、中低层强辐合、高层强辐散的动力耦合结构是强对流发生的有利天气背景,中低层冷空气是这次强对流过程的触发机制;强对流风暴的前期以超级单体风暴和多单体风暴为主,超级单体风暴东移北上过程中与湖南西部不断新生的对流回波结合后发展成飑线,飑线维持、发展过程中出现"弓形"回波、中层径向辐合(MARC)、低层辐散、速度大值区等特征;在短临预警服务中,中低层明显的钩状回波结构、持续偏高的反射率因子和垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)值为靖州强冰雹预警的发布提供了有效依据,而低仰角距离地面1 km内的径向速度大值区(大于20 m.s-1)则为道县雷暴大风预警提供重要参考。 相似文献
7.
利用常规地面和高空观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达资料,对2016年6月山东两次强对流天气的雷达特征、环境条件等进行了对比分析,结果表明:6月14日强对流天气主要是横槽转竖引导冷空气南下引起,6月30日强对流天气发生在高空槽前、山东高低层受一致西南气流影响的环流形势下,地面辐合线是两次过程的触发机制。6月14日垂直风切变和风暴承载层平均风均比30日大很多,致使14日的超级单体风暴持续时间更长、强度更强。风暴相对螺旋度的大小对强对流天气强弱程度有指示意义。两次过程都在地面辐合线附近生成,都具有中气旋、高悬的强回波、有界弱回波区、回波悬垂、风暴顶辐散等雷达特征,不同的是14日具有倒V形缺口、中层径向辐合、冰雹散射和钩状回波等特征,30日具有窄带回波、径向速度大值区等特征。两次过程都出现了弱旋转对应地面都带来小冰雹天气,这在预报业务中值得注意。两次降雹与风暴单体高度及强度、垂直累积液态水含量及密度、中气旋厚度、最大切变和持续时间密切相关。 相似文献
8.
“2012.4.11”两个强降雹超级单体特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、新一代天气雷达和风廓线雷达等资料,对一次强对流天气过程中两个强风暴单体的形势背景、强对流发生条件、强风暴单体演变及结构特征、风暴异同点进行了详细分析。结果表明：（1）本次强对流过程是发生在强的垂直风切变条件下;高层冷平流降温减湿、低层暖平流增温增湿的对流不稳定层结,高CAPE值为强对流发生发展提供了必要的能量条件;上干下湿的水汽分布有利于冰雹、雷暴大风的产生;适宜的0℃、－20℃层高度使此次过程地面以降雹为主;地面倒槽低压、辐合线及低层锋区的南压是这次强对流天气的触发因子。（2）两个强降雹单体雷达回波共同特征是降大雹前均出现了三体散射长钉回波,弱回波区,回波强度强,VIL密度均大于4 kg·m－3,成熟阶段均右偏高空风约30°。（3）长生命史超级单体风暴Ⅱ的中气旋维持2个多小时,它保证了一支强上升气流支撑空中大冰雹的增长,维持了雷暴的持续发展,使其生命史长达近6 h,同时也存在前侧、后侧入流缺口,反映了上升气流与下沉气流共存的风暴动力特征,其高层辐散更强,移动路径东略偏南且移向稳定,平均右偏高空风约28°,移速均匀为14 m·s－1;超级单体风暴Ⅰ的中气旋维持时间仅十几分钟,且处于弱中气旋的下限,其高层辐散和上升气流更弱,风暴生命史更短,移动路径东略偏北,除成熟阶段外右偏高空风10°～20°。这些差异与产生风暴的环境条件如垂直风切变、垂直涡度等存在差异有密切关系。 相似文献
9.
利用常规观测、区域自动气象站、NCEP/NCAR再分析和雷达回波资料,对2016年6月30日山东一次阵风锋触发的强对流天气进行了分析。结果表明,此次强对流主要发生在高空槽与副热带高压相互作用、山东高低层受一致西南气流影响的环流形势下,阵风锋、地面辐合线和负变压中心所产生的抬升作用及近地面层冷空气的侵入使气温骤降是触发对流的关键因素。低层水汽充沛、湿层厚,属于上干下湿的不稳定层结。强对流发生区域处在假相当位温差（Δθse）和风暴相对螺旋度（storm relative helicity,SRH）的大值中心及其右侧位置。对流有效位能（convective available potential energy,CAPE）、850 hPa与500 hPa之间温差、大风指数、强天气威胁指数等都对此次强对流有较好的指示作用。0 ℃层高度和融化层高度较高是此次过程未出现大冰雹的原因。较强的0～3 km垂直风切变在强对流预报业务中需要注意。此次强对流过程是线状回波带前侧风暴内出现了阵风锋,阵风锋又不断触发雷暴使个别强单体风暴发展加强成为超级单体风暴,具有持续时间较短的中气旋、高悬的强回波、有界弱回波区、风暴顶辐散、窄带回波、径向速度大值区等回波特征。风暴移动速度比风暴承载层平均风速大,缩短了超级单体存在时间。此外,风暴参数与天气的强烈程度密切相关。 相似文献
10.
河南省一次致灾强对流天气的中尺度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、中尺度分析产品和雷达资料对2013年8月1日凌晨发生在河南省西部、北部的一次致灾强对流天气过程进行分析.结果表明:这次强对流是在上干冷下暖湿的不稳定大气层结条件下产生的,较大的垂直风切变出现在强对流发生后,可能与强对流天气产生时间较晚有关;地面辐合线是这次强对流产生的触发机制,强对流发生在地面等温线和等露点线的密集区内.云图亮温的低值中心对应地面的强雨区.1日凌晨,对流回波东移加强,先后形成的两条弓形回波,均存在明显的低层弱回波区和中高层的悬垂回波结构,大风发生在弓形带状回波后侧;对流回波带低层有很强的西南风急流,使得强对流回波形成弓形带状回波;强回波带的前沿速度场上,有中尺度辐合线、辐合区、逆风区存在,它们的出现和维持是产生局地强降水的一个有用指标,中尺度系统的存在是强对流风暴产生、维持、发展的必要条件;较大垂直液态含水量的维持为产生强降水提供了有利条件,垂直液态含水量的增减,预示着地面强对流天气的开始和减弱. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献