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利用WRF-Chem模拟研究京津冀地区夏季大气污染物的分布和演变 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
应用WRF—Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry）模式模拟研究了2007年8月京津冀地区近地面O3、NO2、PM2.5浓度的时空变化特征,将模拟结果与观测数据进行详细对比,结果表明,模式可以较好地模拟O3、PM2.5,浓度的空间分布和时间变化特征,成功再现了8月33和PM2.5的几次积累增加过程,其中O,的模拟值与观测值的相关系数为0．69～0．86,PM2.5的相关系数为0．44～0．49,但模式对NO2的模拟相对较差,相关系数为0．27～0．43。北京、天津地区为O3月均低值区,月均体积浓度约30×10^-9,渤海及京津冀以西地区O3月平均体积浓度可达60×10^-9;PM2,呈现南高北低的分布特征,变化范围为120～240μg／m3。14时月平均03体积浓度在北京、天津地区低于周边地区,约为60×10^-9;而PM2.5质量浓度在环渤海地区和河北南部较高,为100～120μg/m^3。8月17日北京出现一次典型的高浓度O,污染事件,14时北京地区温度达到33℃,O3体积浓度为80×10^-9～110×10^-9。在局地排放、化学反应和外来输送的共同作用下,渤海西岸和北岸PM2.5的质量浓度超过120μg／m3,其中二次气溶胶质量浓度为50～100μg／m3,一次排放人为气溶胶质量浓度为10～20μg／m3,海盐质量浓度为1～7μg／m3,二次气溶胶是该地区PM2.5的主要贡献者。 相似文献
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局限于仅有观测数据的情况下,利用模拟手段研究土壤风蚀引起的粉尘释放是非常必要的,有助于评估区域土壤风蚀及大气环境质量和气候效应。本文通过分析塔克拉玛干沙漠观测站不同高度层风速及计算平均摩阻风速,利用DPM模型计算粉尘释放通量,综合分析了摩阻风速与粉尘释放通量的相互关系。结果表明：1）不同观测日不同高度层的风速变化各不相同,2m高度层风速的变化范围是0.05～7.73 m·s-1,4m高度层风速的变化范围是0.09～7.19 m·s-1,10m高度层风速的变化范围是0.5～8.09 m·s-1。2）4月1日～4月30日各个观测日24小时内平均摩阻风速分别为0.423 m·s-1、0.344 m·s-1、0.271 m·s-1、0.343 m·s-1、0.161 m·s-1、0.315 m·s-1,其变化范围为0.16～0.42 m·s-1。3）DPM模型研究发现实测跃移通量约为模拟值的122%,模拟值与实测值相关性较好,R2为0.91。上述研究结果对定量评估区域乃至全疆的土壤风蚀对粉尘释放通量的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
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局限于仅有观测数据的情况下,利用模拟手段研究土壤风蚀引起的粉尘释放是非常必要的,有助于评估区域土壤风蚀及大气环境质量和气候效应。本文通过分析塔克拉玛干沙漠观测站不同高度层风速及计算平均摩阻风速,利用DPM模型计算粉尘释放通量,综合分析了摩阻风速与粉尘释放通量的相互关系。结果表明：1）不同观测日不同高度层的风速变化各不相同,2m高度层风速的变化范围是0.05～7.73 m·s-1,4m高度层风速的变化范围是0.09～7.19 m·s-1,10m高度层风速的变化范围是0.5～8.09 m·s-1。2）4月1日～4月30日各个观测日24小时内平均摩阻风速分别为0.423 m·s-1、0.344 m·s-1、0.271 m·s-1、0.343 m·s-1、0.161 m·s-1、0.315 m·s-1,其变化范围为0.16～0.42 m·s-1。3）DPM模型研究发现实测跃移通量约为模拟值的122%,模拟值与实测值相关性较好,R2为0.91。上述研究结果对定量评估区域乃至全疆的土壤风蚀对粉尘释放通量的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
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北京及其周边地区冬季SO2的变化与输送特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用实施北京市奥运空气质量保障计划"北京市与周边地区空气污染物的输送、转化及北京市空气质量目标研究"项目的有利时机,于2007年1月15～27日在中国科学院大气物理研究所北京站、香河站和兴隆站,采用先进的差分吸收光谱仪(DOAS)和SO2气体分析仪取得了高质量SO2浓度的连续观测资料,同时还获取了相应的常规气象资料和系留气艇探测的常规气象参数廓线资料.分析和讨论了北京及其周边地区的SO2污染的变化过程特征、日变化特征、输送特征、源排放特征以及与天气过程和气象条件的紧密联系.研究表明:1)北京站、香河站和兴隆站的SO2浓度逐日变化明显,变化趋势一致,通常处于同一个天气系统控制之下,SO2污染呈现区域性分布特征.2)冬季SO2浓度日变化明显,夜晚最高,15时(北京时)最低.3)SO2浓度与大气稳定度、风速、风向密切相关,风速越小、大气越稳定,SO2浓度越高;当吹西南风时,SO2浓度升高,西北风时浓度明显降低.4)HYSPLIT后向轨迹数值模拟结果和OMI卫星反演表明周边地区的SO2长距离输送对站点的贡献不能忽视. 相似文献
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应用MM5模式对地面大风过程的模拟试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
用MM5模式对2 0 0 1年4月1 7～1 9日、5月1 2～1 5日辽宁省出现的大风过程进行了模拟,并与1 3个代表点的气象观测站资料或野外风电场测风资料作了对比。结果表明:模式能较好地模拟区域风场的演变和分布特征;对逐时风速的模拟与实况有一定差异,但模拟值与实况变化比较同步,基本反映出单点风速变化的趋势;对瞬时风速大于1 0m·s-1和平均风速大于9 0m·s-1的模拟明显偏小。模拟试验初步说明,MM5模式对区域地面风场形势、单点风速随时间变化特征的模拟较好,但可能减弱大风的实际强度。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2018,(6)
利用WRF模式中的UCM+AH城市冠层方案,以2005年8月两个晴天为天气背景,对比研究了1993年与2005年不同下垫面情况下,沈阳市城市扩张对近地层风热环境及边界层的影响。结果表明:UCM+AH方案能够较合理准确地模拟出城市范围的2 m气温与10 m风速的日变化特征,且对2 m气温的模拟效果要优于10 m风速;模拟2 m气温的日较差偏大,模拟10 m风速系统性偏高0.5—1.0 m·s-1;城市土地扩张后,城区普遍增温,且夜间增温幅度较大,扩建城区夜间最大增温能达到7℃,老城区在夜间增温幅度最大可达3℃,上风向增温幅度较大;城区日间增温不明显,在0—1℃;城市土地扩张后,老城区风速普遍减小,但减小值1 m·s-1;扩建城区风速减小近1 m·s-1,城区内可能出现的高温辐合中心对周围近地层风速有加速作用;城市扩张对边界层最显著的影响体现在午后,城区的扩张增大了湍流动能的影响范围,湍流动能在数值上增加0.2—0.3 m2·s-2;扩建城区上空的边界层高度在14时抬升100—200 m,且下风向边界层内部的局地环流与垂直上升运动增强。 相似文献
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北京地区SO2污染特征及气象条件分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析1998～2000年北京地区SO2浓度监测资料和同期气象观测资料,发现北京地区SO2污染具有明显的季节变化、日变化特征及地域分布特征SO2污染在采暖季重于非采暖季;日变化趋势呈"两峰两谷";SO2浓度西部到北部高于东北部,城区高于郊区.影响大气中SO2浓度变化的主要气象要素为地面日平均风速、300
m风速、850 hPa 24 h变温、地面最低温度及有无逆温. 相似文献
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Models-3空气质量模式对兰州市污染物输送的模拟 总被引：23，自引：7，他引：16
较详细地介绍了美国环保总局的第三代空气质量模式系统Models-3的特点,并且针对兰州市冬季采暖期污染严重的特点,选取2002年12月份的个例,将兰州市最新的大气污染源资料加入模式中．对模式进行调试并检验了该模式对兰州污染的模拟性能。从模式对SO2,NO2和O3等几种大气污染物浓度的模拟结果与监测资料对比分析,表明该模式系统较好地模拟出了SO2,NO2的空间分布格局,模拟结果与监测结果比较吻合,而且模式模拟的污染物浓度场比较均匀;模式模拟的O3的日变化规律与资料分析结论基本一致,也符合O3的生成机理。因此该模式系统对于复杂地形条件下的城市污染物输送具有一定的模拟能力。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献