共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
本文应用帕尔默旱度模式的基本原理,选取平凉等11个站点的资料,建立了适用于黄土高原西北部地区的修正的帕尔默旱度模式。并用此模式分析了本区的干旱特征。结果表明,此模式是分析本区干旱的一个良好工具。 相似文献
2.
3.
为了正确评估干旱，根据帕默尔旱度模式的思路和1986年安顺清等人修正的帕默尔旱度模式，我们以济南、郑州和太原3站逐年逐月气温和降水等作为基本资料（1961～2000年），以哈尔滨、佳木斯、呼和浩特、沈阳、北京、固原、西安、汉中、青岛、德州、运城、长沙、武汉、南昌、杭州、福州、广州、昆明、南宁、成都和贵阳21个站的有关资料（1961～2000年）为权重因子修正资料，并且在计算可能蒸散时选用了FAO推荐的彭曼-蒙蒂斯公式。另外0～20 cm和20～100 cm土层的土壤田间有效持水量根据我国测定的资料和土壤特性确定，对帕默尔旱度模式进行了进一步修正。利用此模式计算了我国北方地区139个站点（1961年1月～2000年12月）的帕默尔指数值。将计算的帕默尔指数值与一些文献记载的实际旱涝灾情相对照进行验证，表明进一步修正的帕默尔旱度模式能较为准确地评估旱涝情况，适合应用于我国 相似文献
4.
根据1965年Palmer旱度模式的思路,在1986年修正版及2003年修正版的基础上,为了使Palmer旱度模式更适用于我国北方干旱、半干旱地区,通过改进2003年修正的Palmer旱度模式在建模时表层失水模式的假设以及增加建模站点个数两个方面对Palmer旱度模式进行进一步修正。将计算的Palmer指数值与2003年计算的Palmer指数值及一些文献记载的实际旱涝灾情相对照进行验证,结果表明:新修正的Palmer旱度模式能更好地评估旱涝情况,扩大其在我国干旱地区的适用性。 相似文献
5.
本文以修正的帕尔默(Palmer)气象干旱度模式为基础,建立了气候干旱评价模式,并通过对实际资料的验算,证实了该模式的可靠性。为进行干旱的形成和演变的动态研究进行及干旱及其影响的数值模拟奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
渭北旱塬地区旱度指数模式及应用结果分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
针对渭北旱塬地工区干旱特点,运用修正的帕尔默干旱指数方法,建立了渭北旱塬度指数模式,并利用该模式对咸阳市的淳化、永寿县进行了干旱分析和评价预测,取得了满意结果,为干旱研究提供了一个科学可行的方法。 相似文献
7.
帕默尔旱度模式在绵阳干旱研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文引用帕默尔旱度模式建模思路和建模方法,对其中可能蒸散量计算方法进行修正,采用国际通用的彭曼-蒙蒂斯公式,利用绵阳1954~2007年的气象资料和部分年份的土壤湿度观测资料,建立绵阳的帕默尔旱度模式,并将实际旱情与计算的帕默尔干旱指数进行了对比验证,帕默尔旱度模式能较好地反映实际旱情。 相似文献
8.
《高原气象》2016,(3)
利用1961-2012年长江中下游地区90个测站逐日降水、气温等观测资料,建立长江中下游地区的帕默尔旱度模式,并利用此模式计算出52年90个测站逐月PDSI指数,与资料记载的实际旱涝灾情对比并分析了长江中下游地区的旱涝特征。结果表明,修正的帕默尔旱度模式能准确反映长江中下游地区的干旱过程,与实际旱涝发生时间、持续时段、旱涝严重程度及旱涝发生范围对应比较吻合,对旱涝的反应比较灵敏;长江中下游地区旱涝年际变化显著,夏、秋季旱涝具有连续性,干旱具有3个月的持续期;冬季存在较弱的年代际变化,而夏季年代际变化较为明显;长江中下游地区夏秋季干旱多发,极端干旱在秋季较多,安徽西部及北部、浙江北部、湖南西南部是干旱较容易发生的区域,而极端干旱多发生于安徽阜阳和宁国、湖南衡阳和郴州、浙江慈溪和定海以及湖北巴东等地。 相似文献
9.
贵州省夏旱特征及分区研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
干旱是贵州省的主要气象灾害之一。应用夏旱强度指数和修正的帕尔默指数及降雨量等其它指标，对贵族夏旱的类型、发生频率、持续时间、地区分布、易发生时段和垂直变化等特征作了系统的研究，总结出贵州夏旱的主要特征并进行了夏旱分区。 相似文献
10.
在广泛研究国内外农业干旱指标的基础上,首次提出"作物旱度指标I"t、"作物相对旱度指标Ir"t、"作物干旱强度指标Di"建立了广元市农业干旱评价指标和模式。当作物相对旱度指标Ir20≧0.6持续15天时发布农业干旱预警,为防旱治旱提供决策依据。 相似文献
11.
在全球气候变暖的背景下,持续的干旱事件将对生态系统和人类社会产生不利影响。尽管存在多源卫星遥感资料及多种干旱指数,然而区域和全球尺度干旱事件的监测仍具有挑战。采用TRMM（Tropical RainfallMeasuring Mission）数据量化降水异常、MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和陆表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）数据表征植被生长异常,构建了一种兼顾降水异常和植被生长状况异常的多传感器陆表干旱严重程度指数（Multi-sensorsDrought Severity Index,MDSI）。结果表明:MDSI 能够准确检测准全球范围（50°S～50°N,0°～180°～0°）的气象干旱事件,如亚马逊流域2005 和2010 年干旱、中国川渝地区2006 年干旱、中国云南2010 年干旱、非洲东部2011 年干旱、2012 年美国中部干旱等;MDSI 与PDSI（Palmer Drought Severity Index）呈现出大致相同的干湿空间格局,并且MDSI 有助于湿润地区干旱程度的检测。 相似文献
12.
AbstractThe National Drought Model (NDM) is an amalgamation of the atmospheric component of the original Palmer Drought and Versatile Soil Moisture Budget (VSMB) models. The NDM uses locally derived coefficients from the station or gridded climate data to calculate a calibration factor for comparing locations in time and space. A modular approach is used to model major processes such as evapotranspiration, biometeorological time, snowmelt, and the cascading of soil moisture down to the root zone. The modular approach allows modifications to be made to specific sections without making structural changes to the entire model or the data inputs. The NDM is an operational tool, integrating data from the climate, soil, and plant sciences to monitor agroclimatic risks such as drought and excess moisture. In this paper, the capacity of the NDM to monitor extreme agroclimatic risks, such as drought and flooding of agricultural soils, was assessed. Using the Palmer Drought Severity Index component of the NDM, the mapping of the spatial extent and severity of the 2001 and 2002 droughts across Canada and the excess moisture conditions on the Canadian Prairies in 2010 agreed with other assessments. The validation study of soil moisture at two Alberta locations (Lethbridge and Beaverlodge) showed that the VSMB tracked the soil moisture flux in the root zone successfully in response to changing environmental conditions. The VSMB explained about 70 and 60% of the variance in observed soil moisture at the two respective locations. 相似文献
13.
The potential of using land surface models (LSMs) to monitor near-real-time drought has not been fully assessed in China yet. In this study, we analyze the performance of such a system with a land surface model (LSM) named the Australian Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE). The meteorological forcing datasets based on reanalysis products and corrected by observational data have been extended to near-real time for semi-operational trial. CABLE-simulated soil moisture (SM) anomalies are used to characterize drought spatial and temporal evolutions. One outstanding feature in our analysis is that with the same meteorological data, we have calculated a range of drought indices including Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). We have assessed the similarity among these indices against observed SM over a number of regions in China. While precipitation is the dominant factor in the drought development, relationships between precipitation, evaporation, and soil moisture anomalies vary significantly under different climate regimes, resulting in different characteristics of droughts in China. The LSM-based trial system is further evaluated for the 1997/1998 drought in northern China and 2009/2010 drought in southwestern China. The system can capture the severities and temporal and spatial evolutions of these drought events well. The advantage of using a LSM-based drought monitoring system is further demonstrated by its potential to monitor other consequences of drought impacts in a more physically consistent manner. 相似文献
14.
15.
Drought assessment for the potential of precipitation enhancement in northern Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. R. Dalezios Z. G. Papazafiriou D. M. Papamichail T. S. Karacostas 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1991,44(2):75-88
The paper is part of a series earlier studies in which the precipitation enhancement potential in central and northern Greece is assessed. A drought analysis is performed in this study. In particular, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is used for the quantitative estimation of droughts on a monthly basis. Emphasis is placed on drought identification and estimation as well as the severity and areal extent of the phenomenon. The results indicate that there are several drought periods which are common to all stations in central and northern Greece, characterized by significant severity and time duration. There are also a large number of drought periods during the summer months as well as during the winter months.With 7 Figures 相似文献
16.
哈密地区气象干旱监测指数研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
慕彩芸 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):6-10
应用Z指数方法和帕默尔气象干旱指数基本原理的优点,选取哈密地区6个代表站1961—2010年逐月降水量资料,分南、北两个区域建立区域修正帕默尔气象干旱指数,确定了区域旱涝等级的划分标准。以计算得到的干旱指数与历史旱情记录进行对比验证,并与Z指数、降水距平百分率干旱指数对比分析,结果表明该干旱指数对干旱的反应符合历史实际,较Z指数、降水距平百分率干旱指数更适合当地应用。在此基础上,对哈密地区修正帕默尔气象干旱指数与旱情的关系及干旱发生的特征作了更进一步分析。 相似文献
17.
Baoqing Zhang Pute Wu Xining Zhao Yubao Wang Xiaodong Gao Xinchun Cao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):125-138
Drought is a complex natural hazard that is poorly understood and difficult to assess. This paper describes a VIC–PDSI model approach to understanding drought in which the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Model was combined with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). Simulated results obtained using the VIC model were used to replace the output of the more conventional two-layer bucket-type model for hydrological accounting, and a two-class-based procedure for calibrating the characteristic climate coefficient (K j ) was introduced to allow for a more reliable computation of the PDSI. The VIC–PDSI model was used in conjunction with GIS technology to create a new drought assessment index (DAI) that provides a comprehensive overview of drought duration, intensity, frequency, and spatial extent. This new index was applied to drought hazard assessment across six subregions of the whole Loess Plateau. The results show that the DAI over the whole Loess Plateau ranged between 11 and 26 (the greater value of the DAI means the more severe of the drought hazard level). The drought hazards in the upper reaches of Yellow River were more severe than that in the middle reaches. The drought prone regions over the study area were mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolian small rivers, Zuli and Qingshui Rivers basin, while the drought hazards in the drainage area between Hekouzhen–Longmen and Weihe River basin were relatively mild during 1971–2010. The most serious drought vulnerabilities were associated with the area around Lanzhou, Zhongning, and Yinchuan, where the development of water-saving irrigation is the most direct and effective way to defend against and reduce losses from drought. For the relatively humid regions, it will be necessary to establish the rainwater harvesting systems, which could help to relieve the risk of water shortage and guarantee regional food security. Due to the DAI considers the multiple characteristic of drought duration, intensity, frequency, and spatial extent, and because it is based on the VIC–PDSI model and GIS technologies, the DAI could provide some new way on directly comparing the drought hazards over different regions during a long-term period. The result of this study may be useful to decision makers when formulating drought management policies to alleviate the risk of water shortages and guarantee regional food security. 相似文献
18.
Cathrine Fox Maule Peter Thejll Jens H. Christensen Synne H. Svendsen Jamie Hannaford 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(1-2):155-173
An ensemble of regional climate model simulations from the European framework project ENSEMBLES is compared with observations of low precipitation events across a number of European regions. We characterize precipitation deficits in terms of two drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index. Models that robustly describe the observations for the period 1961–2000 in given regions are identified and an assessment of the overall performance of the ensemble is provided. The results show that in general, models capture the most severe drought events and that the ensemble mean model also performs well. Some regions that appear to be more problematic to simulate well are also identified. These are relatively small regions and have rather complex topographical features. The analysis suggests that assessment of future drought occurrence based on climate change experiments in general would appear to be robust. But due to the heterogeneous and often fine-scaled structure of drought occurrence, quantitative results should be used with great care, particularly in regions with complex terrain and limited information about past drought occurrence. 相似文献