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1.
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、国家气象卫星中心云顶亮温和地面加密观测资料对2013年7月21—22日发生在陕南的暴雨天气过程进行中尺度诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度对流复合体(MesoConvectiveComplex,下简称MCC)是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;500hPa停滞的低槽,配合对流层高层急流分支出口的强辐散及对流层低层西南低涡的动力抬升作用,形成有利于MCC生成、发展的大尺度环流背景;700hPa西南低空急流、850hPa气流的南支分量为MCC的生成、发展提供充足的水汽和能量;西南低涡的东北移动伴随有MCC云团的生消发展,MCC的发展经历了生成、发展、成熟、消散四个阶段,陕南强降水位于云顶亮温等值线密集一侧;MCC发生在高能、弱对流不稳定区;露点锋加强暴雨区的垂直上升运动,系统北部冷空气与南侧西南暖湿气流导致低层锋生,大气斜压性增大,并在陕南地区产生辐合上升,形成次级环流,又触发对流不稳定释放,相互之间有正反馈的作用。 相似文献
2.
一次云南强对流暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及常规观测资料与雷达、卫星等非常规观测资料,综合分析了2014年6月6日云南暴雨过程的天气成因及中尺度对流系统特征。结果表明:500hPa前倾槽、700hPa切变线及地面冷锋是此次暴雨过程的天气尺度影响系统;高能高湿的对流不稳定层结、明显的垂直风向切变是强对流天气形成的有利条件;在Q矢量散度辐合区内多个β中尺度对流系统(MCS)发生发展,短时强降水主要出现在MCS移动方前沿对流活跃的云顶亮温(TBB)等值线密集区,雨强变化与TBB等值线梯度变化密切相关;多普勒雷达及地闪资料显示多个γ中尺度对流系统是强对流暴雨产生的直接影响系统,雷暴易发生于回波强度在35~45dBz、回波顶高超过10km的区域,中尺度辐合线、第二类γ中尺度辐合区附近负地闪密集区与短时强降水、雷暴天气有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
3.
利用加密自动站降水资料、FY-2E卫星云顶相当黑体温度TBB资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2010年7月16-18日四川盆地持续性暴雨天气过程中的西南低涡及伴随发展的中尺度对流系统(MCS)进行了分析。结果表明,500 hPa高空槽、700 hPa中尺度切变线和暖湿气流为MCS的发生提供了良好的环境条件;地面降水时空分布具有明显的中尺度特征,MCS是造成暴雨的重要原因;暴雨中心集中在TBB冷云区或边缘梯度密集带。在西南低涡发展过程中,MCS有利于激发上升气流,中低层的上升气流和正涡度配合利于热量和水汽垂直输送,高层的辐散进一步促使MCS的发展。水平涡度平流和涡度垂直输送项的配置影响上升气流和涡旋系统的发展,MCS对西南低涡的移动有一定的引导作用。有无MCS伴随发展时,对流活动对热量和水汽的输送能力迥异。 相似文献
4.
利用NCEP 1°×1°格距逐6 h再分析资料、FY-2F逐时云顶亮温(TBB)资料、国家气象站常规探空和地面气象观测资料、湖北省区域气象自动站资料,对2019年5月25日湖北省东部一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:500 hPa中高纬低槽不断分裂南下,盆地低槽稳定维持,中低层低涡扰动,切变线和低空急流维持,是本次大暴雨的有利天气背景;有西南向的水汽输送通道并在暴雨区强烈辐合,水汽辐合中心位于900～950 hPa,500 hPa以下整层温度露点差都在4℃以下;暴雨区在150 hPa以下为正平均涡度;400 hPa以上为正平均散度,其下为负平均散度,最强降水时段高层辐散低层辐合的配置明显向对流层下层压缩,高层负涡度低层正涡度的配置催生了高层辐散低层辐合的散度配置,有利于垂直上升运动加强;暴雨区上升运动从1 000 hPa延伸到200 h Pa,整层以上升运动为主,在最强降水时段上升运动中心明显下移;有明显的上冷下暖层结结构,形成低层暖平流高层冷平流的温度平流配置,有利于产生对流不稳定;降水云顶亮温TBB≤-50℃区域与降水区对应,近似圆形的中尺度对流系统对湖北东部强降水十分有利。 相似文献
5.
应用MICAPS常规资料、FY-2卫星观测资料及昆明CINRAD-CC雷达回波资料，将诊断分析与探测资料相结合综合分析了2003年7月21日滇中暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征，指出：500、700hPa高低层冷暖平流的配置、500hPa低槽、700hPa切变线及地面冷锋是此次暴雨过程的大尺度环境背景；高能高湿的不稳定能量、低层辐合、强的垂直风切疫的存在，利于强对流形成并诱发中尺度对流系统MCS；多普勒雷达上强风暴的发展，与暴雨区范围及强弱对应；多普勒速度图显示，中尺度涡旋、中尺度辐合线、逆风区等多个中尺度系统，是此次滇中强对流暴雨产生的直接影响系统。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象观测数据、吉林省加密自动站观测数据、NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料和卫星云顶亮温数据,对2018年8月13—15日吉林省一次暴雨过程成因进行分析。结果表明:“三带”(西风带、副热带和热带环流)是暴雨产生的大尺度环流背景。大气整层水汽通量显示副热带高压外围的西南气流与远距离台风外围东南气流共同为暴雨输送充沛的水汽。降水有两个主要阶段,大气层结特征均为高层有正值位涡扰动并沿假相当位温锋区下滑,大气层结不稳定,水汽充沛,不稳定能量较大。降水第二阶段水汽输送、动热力条件、不稳定能量均小于第一阶段。云图表现特征为中尺度对流辐合体和中尺度对流云团,中尺度对流辐合体云团发展旺盛时,低层呈现气旋式涡度、中尺度辐合,高层呈反气旋式涡度、中尺度辐散。925 hPa低空切变线和地面辐合线是暴雨发生的中尺度触发条件。 相似文献
7.
利用常规气象资料、自动气象站降水资料和NCEP再分析1°×1°等资料,对福建2017年6月初一次强降水过程进行多尺度分析。结果表明:(1)冷空气与暖湿气流相互作用形成持续性暴雨,中尺度系统的活动导致短时暴雨。(2)较大的风暴相对螺旋度,低层的正涡度和中低层的上升运动有利于中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发展和维持;强烈的热力不稳定和较强的垂直风切变是中尺度对流发展的环境特征。(3)强的整层水汽通量和水汽辐合为暴雨区提供水汽来源和水汽条件。(4)锋生的大小和位置对降水的强度和落区有很好的指示作用;低层以水平锋生为主,中层以垂直锋生为主,有利于成片暴雨的发生。(5)中尺度系统对天气尺度的水汽辐合和边界层对流不稳定条件有增幅作用;上下两支次级环流的上升支叠加,有利于低层不稳定能量的释放,促进中尺度系统的发展。 相似文献
8.
一次西南低涡造成华南暴雨过程的FY-2卫星观测分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2008年6月11-13日华南发生了一次西南涡暴雨天气过程,其中,广西区有6个台站11日20时至12日20时的降水打破6月雨量历史纪录,分别为东兰306mm、环江218 mm、灵川270mm、桂林251 mm、柳城177mm和田林163 mm.采用FY-2卫星云图资料、NCEP再分析资料、常规观测资料及地面降水资料,对这次强降水过程的暴雨云团及其影响系统和环境场作了分析研究.结果表明:(1)红外和水汽图像配合,可以反映西南低涡发展东移过程中低层辐合带云系、高空扰动云系和弱冷空气的不同作用,云图的演变过程可以刻画强降雨发生时低层辐合、高层辐散的气流结构.(2)本次广西特大暴雨过程可分为两个阶段,第一阶段主要是西南涡东南侧的暖区降水,对流云团分布范围较广,中尺度对流系统具有涡旋状云系结构;第二阶段有弱冷空气南下,在边界层辐合线的组织下,中尺度对流系统组织成线状云带,南移消失.过程中,无论是红外云顶亮温随时间的演变,或者是红外与水汽亮温差的时间演变均可以反映云团的演变过程,并与强降水有较好对应关系.在局地要素满足暴雨发生的必要条件下,监测多通道亮温的急剧下降,可作为重要指标提前2～3 h预警强降雨的发生.(3)西南低涡暴雨云团出现在西南涡东南和南侧的南风盛行区域,云团发展伴有低空急流加强,同时,云系发展与500 hPa正涡度平流的贡献有关. 相似文献
9.
应用常规气象观测资料、NCEP（1°×1°）再分析资料和FY-2C卫星的云顶亮温（tBB）（0.1°×0．1°）资料。综合分析2007年7月4—5日发生在陕西中南部的区域暴雨天气。结果表明：此次暴雨过程发生在副热带高压东退的过程中,巴湖冷涡分裂南下的冷空气与副热带高压外围的暖湿空气在陕西中南部上空交汇,为暴雨形成提供了有利的大尺度环流背景．700hPa低涡切变、低空急流是暴雨产生的主要影响系统。产生这次暴雨的云团具有MCC特征,强降水区域与tBB低值中心对应较好。单站tBB值与降水强度对应较好．tBB低值出现时段与强降雨时段基本吻合。对流层中低层正涡度与高层负涡度的垂直分布特征以及低层辐合、中高层辐散的散度场垂直分布有利于中低层高温高湿的气流被抽吸到高层．增加局地对流不稳定性．有利于MCC的发生发展。MCC发生在假相当位温θae水平梯度大、上冷下暖的对流不稳定区域。 相似文献
10.
一次华南西部低涡切变特大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
利用常规观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波反演资料、自动气象站降水量以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2007年6月12—13日发生在华南西部的一次低涡切变特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)500 hPa高空槽经向度加大并东移南压,中低层低涡沿切变线东移,低空西南急流建立以及地面浅薄冷空气活动等天气系统相互作用触发了中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发展,造成暴雨。(2)地面降水时空分布具有明显的中尺度特征。大暴雨中心水平尺度都小于200 km,雨团持续时间5—7 h。(3)特大暴雨中心主要是由MCS移入造成的。柳江特大暴雨中心由两个MCS产生,一个沿低涡切变南侧的偏南气流移到暴雨中心上空;另一个沿切变线东移到暴雨中心上空。沿海暴雨中心则由一个MCS发展引发的。降水主要出现在MCS的中部冷云区内或云团边缘TBB梯度最大处。与MCS的生消过程对应,柳江暴雨区包含两次中尺度降水过程,第1次降水以热对流云团造成为主,第2次降水以低涡云系激发的MβCS产生强降雨为主;而沿海暴雨区是1次短时间持续性的MβCS强降水产生。暴雨主要由不断发展旺盛的对流单体引起,暴雨发生伴随着低空西南急流的建立,2—3 km高度上低空急流风速脉动增强了MCS的发展。(4)暴雨发生在高相当位温舌中,湿层厚度超过400 hPa,暴雨区层结具有位势不稳定或中性层结。(5)中尺度对流系统具有深厚的垂直环流结构,低层涡度柱在暴雨发生过程明显抬升,增强低层水汽辐合,锋区的动力强迫上升运动加强低层能量和水汽的往上输送,高层辐散气流增强MCS的发展。同时,暴雨区地形的作用增强了锋面强迫上升运动。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献