共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
雷达定量降水估计技术及效果评估 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为提高雷达定量估测降水的精度,利用广东省6部新一代多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)回波资料和雨量计降水量观测资料,采用概率配对法(PFT,Probability-fitting technique)建立Z-I关系进行单部雷达降水估测,并采用最优插值法(OI,Optimum Interpolation)对降水估计进行订正;为扩大降水估测的范围,对多部雷达的降水估计进行拼接,采取重叠区域以各部雷达的均方根误差平方的倒数作为权重系数(iω==1/RMSE(K)2/n∑i-1/RMSE(i)2)进行加权平均,并分别分析比较上述方法得到的降水估计与单纯OI雨量计及与雷达拼图回波强度得到的降水估计的优劣。以上各环节误差分析表明,对于单部雷达,雨量计降水强度与其上空9点平均的雷达回波强度关系最为密切;6部相同型号的雷达估测降水精度各异。交叉检验表明,OI雷达法对单部和多部雷达估测降水均可取得较好的校准效果;对于多部雷达的降水估测,单部雷达先分别进行OI订正后拼接,然后对重叠区再次OI订正的结果比直接对未订正的单部雷达降水估计拼接后统一做一次OI订正的效果好。多部雷达降水估计拼接时,前期对于单部雷达降水估计的订正尤为重要;多部雷达降水估计的拼接值精度要明显高于OI雨量计,而相比由雷达拼图回波强度得到的降水估计而言,前者也优于后者。因此,多部雷达降水估计的拼接方法,对雷达资料的应用有较好的参考价值,在业务上也有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
2.
多平台(雷达、卫星、雨量计)降水信息的融合技术初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高卫星降水估计的精度,利用CMORPH资料和雨量计资料,基于最优插值法OI(Optimum Interpolation)有效合成,得到0.125°×0.125°降水分析产品;基于广东省境内5部新一代多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)的降水估计拼接产品,即0.01°×0.01°降水分析产品.为进一步扩展降水的探测范围,将以上两种不同分辨率产品进行区域定量协调,并以各自均方根误差平方的倒数作为权重系数将两者融合.误差分析表明,前期雨量计订正的CMORPH能有效减小系统偏差;交叉检验表明,CMORPH融合了雨量计资料后,比单纯OI雨量计的效果要好.两种不同分辨率产品有明显的区域差异特征;获取的一套降水产品既能体现雷达资料的优势,又能体现CMORPH融合雨量计的优势,在降水估测精度和扩大降水估测范围上都有了较好改观,能够反映不同尺度平台的降水信息. 相似文献
3.
自记雨量资料订正雷达估测降水方法简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文阐述了利用自记雨量计测量降水以及雷达定量估测降水的优缺点,说明了联合自记雨量计和雷达进行降水估测的优越性,并且简单介绍目前国内外利用自记雨量计资料订正雷达估测降水的几种主要方法。１ 自记雨量计测雨情况 气象和水文部门广泛应用自记雨量计测量区域降水量,气象部门收集存档的日降水量、每小时降水量资料都是指各个气象站自记雨量计的记录。目前,雨量计的分布比较稀疏,我国雨量计的密度普遍是几十到上百公里。从经济和维修角度,布设稠密的雨量站是不可能的,尤其在高山地区和人烟稀少的地方,以及广阔的海洋区域,则… 相似文献
4.
在对比分析质量控制前后雷达估测降水量与自动雨量计降水量之间相关性的基础上,采用雷达-雨量计联合校准方法,对14种不同密度雨量计校准雷达估测降水的效果进行分析。结果表明:在使用雷达资料和雨量计资料前有必要对资料的质量进行分析与控制。联合雨量计校准雷达能明显提高雷达对降水的估测能力;采用不同密度雨量计校准雷达,随着校准雨量计密度的加大,雷达估测降水的精度不断提高并趋于稳定。校准雷达的效果及所需雨量计密度与降水类型有关,当校准效果相同时,积云强降水过程需要的雨量计密度最大,积混对流性降水过程次之,层云稳定性降水过程需要的雨量计密度最小。不同方法的校准效果不同,卡尔曼滤波方法适合于对稳定性降水的校准,或在雨量计密度低的地区对雷达进行校准;变分校准法和最优插值法的校准效果相当,适合对积混对流性降水的校准,或在雨量计密度高的地区对雷达进行校准。 相似文献
5.
雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合估算降水量 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了提高区域降水量观测的空间分辨率, 提出了雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合校准法。首先, 利用粒子激光探测仪观测到的滴谱资料建立实时的Z-I关系, 然后, 利用变分法对同时有雷达回波和雨量计资料的点的实测校准因子进行校准, 获得最优校准因子分析场, 最后, 对有雨量计的点取雨量计实际观测值, 没有雨量计的点利用最优校准因子分析场估算降水。利用此方法对辽宁省2007年5月15日一次天气过程进行降水量估算, 结果表明: 雷达-雨量计-粒子激光探测仪联合校准法结合了雨量站观测资料单点精度高和雷达资料时空分辨率高的优点, 提高了降水量的估算精度, 更好地反映了降水的空间分布。 相似文献
6.
高时空分辨率、高精度的降水产品对于极端降水的监测以及防灾减灾具有重要意义。地面雨量计提供点尺度降水精确观测,但无法精细化捕捉对流性强降水的空间分布。雷达观测可以精细地刻画降水的空间分布特征,但雷达定量估计降水（QPE,quantitative precipitation estimation）产品估测精度易受雷达观测偏差和Z–R（雷达反射率—降水率）关系等因素影响。因此,本文开展高时空分辨率的雷达—雨量计降水融合算法研究,集成雨量计观测和雷达定量估计降水产品各自的优点。该算法主要步骤包括:雨量站观测数据格点化、局地雨量计订正雷达QPE和雷达—雨量计降水融合三个部分。首先利用克里金插值方法,对雨量站观测的降水进行插值,得到格点降水信息;再通过局地雨量计订正方法系统性地订正雷达QPE产品,以提高雷达QPE产品精度;最后,结合降水类型,通过雷达—雨量计降水融合算法,产生高时空分辨率、高精度的雷达—雨量计降水融合产品。通过郑州“21·7”暴雨、台风“烟花”和2021年8月随州暴雨三个典型的极端降水个例,对雷达—雨量计降水融合算法产生的雷达—雨量计降水融合产品进行了系统地评估和分析。结果表明,在不同的极端降水个例和不同的降水时段,雷达—雨量计降水融合产品精度上优于雷达QPE产品,且在降水的空间分布上较雨量站观测格点插值产品更能精细地刻画降水的结构特征。表明算法得到的雷达—雨量计降水融合产品的准确性较高,对极端降水有较好地捕捉和监测能力。 相似文献
7.
利用新一代天气雷达基数据资料和天津三次不同类型降水天气过程的降水量资料,采用变分校准方法,以校准区域内所有雨量计校准雷达得到的估测降水场作为"真值场",对比分析14种不同密度雨量计网校准雷达估测降水的效果,并对雨量计网中单个雨量计站点对校准雷达的贡献进行试验分析。结果表明:（1）参加校准的雨量计密度较小时,雷达估测降水的误差较大,估测效果不好;随校准雨量计密度的不断加大,雷达估测降水的偏差明显减小、估测精度不断提高并逐渐趋于稳定。（2）校准不同类型降水需要的雨量计密度不同,这与降水的性质有关;当校准雷达估测降水的效果与"真值场"的相当时,所需的雨量计密度为121 km2·部-1。（3）在雨量计校准网中任意增加降水量不为零的站点,会在增加的站点周围出现估测偏差（高估或低估）,偏差的大小与站点降水量相对于其周围雨量计平均值的大小有关、偏差的影响范围则与站点周围雨量计的分布密度有关。（4）任意增大（减小）雨量计校准网中单个站点的降水量会使雷达对站点周围降水的估计偏高（偏低）,高（低）估的程度及影响范围与站点降水量增大（减小）的多少及站点周围雨量计分布密度有关,而与降水类型及降水随时间的演变无关。 相似文献
8.
利用对流云降水的雷达回波资料，根据雷达反射率因子Ｚｅ与雨强Ｉ关系式，定量测量了对流云的降雨强度，并利用我省５７个站点的地面自记雨量计实测资料进行了误差分析。对由于Ｚｅ～Ｉ关系不稳定性造成的测量误差，采用多点基准雨量计校准法作了订正，提高了雷达测量精度。 相似文献
9.
杭州下沙S波段天气雷达在双偏振升级的基础上增加了精细化探测技术，为了进一步提高雷达定量降水估测精度，本文参考小时雨量计订正雷达估测降水算法模型，建立了一种基于分钟级雨量计数据的实时定量降雨估测雨强订正方法（简称QPE ADJUST法），利用雨量计资料对雷达的QPE数据逐体扫实时订正，累计完成1 h、3 h降水估测产品，提高了雷达降水估测精度。通过对雷达产品及自动站数据资料的评估，分别从降水估测算法、雷达分辨率影响及体扫周期速度影响3方面对QPE ADJUST法的估测降水效果进行了统计分析。结果表明：QPE ADJUST法在雷达高分辨率、快体扫周期的情况下均比其他算法更好地表现出降水时空分布特征，并将雷达小时定量降水估测的误差从50%降低至20%左右，有很高的估测精度和稳定性，具有业务应用价值。 相似文献
10.
采用雨量计联合双偏振天气雷达对雨量计数据进行综合质量控制,使用反距离权重法(inverse distance weighting,IDW)从空间一致性上对自动雨量计进行质量控制,并用质量控制后的数据对双偏振雷达定量降水估测值(quantitative precipitation estimation,QPE)进行订正。利用订正后的QPE与雨量计观测值进行统计分析以确定质量控制规则,从空间及观测一致性上对自动雨量计进行综合质量控制。使用一次台风降水过程对质量控制算法的效果进行了验证,结果表明:单纯使用IDW法对雨量计进行空间一致性质量控制存在较多误判,主要是由于降水的局地突发性、结构不均匀性以及雨量计分布的稀疏性造成。结合偏振雷达,能够有效降低单纯使用空间一致性质量控制所引起的误判。经过雨量计校准订正后的QPE有了较大改善,从而提高了偏振雷达对雨量计质量控制的有效性。在台风降雨过程中,平均每小时约有5%的雨量计被认为是错误站点。综合质量控制法在雨量计分布稀疏或者处于降水边缘地带时存在一定的误判。 相似文献
11.
This study presented a detailed comparison of daily
precipitation estimates from Precipitation Estimation from
Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network
(PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi
-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) over Hunan province of
China from 1998 to 2014. The ground gauge observations are taken
as the reference. It is found that overall TMPA clearly
outperforms PERSIANN, indicating by better statistical metrics
(including correlation coefficient, root mean square error and
relative bias). For the geospatial pattern, although both
products are able to capture the major precipitation features
(e.g., precipitation geospatial homogeneity) in Hunan, yet
PERSIANN largely underestimates the precipitation intensity
throughout all seasons. In contrast, there is no clear bias
tendency from TMPA estimates. Precipitation intensity analysis
showed that both the occurrence and amount histograms from TMPA
are closer to the gauge observations from spring to autumn.
However, in the winter season PERSIANN is closer to gauge
observation, which is likely due to the ground contamination
from the passive microwave sensors used by TMPA. 相似文献
12.
TOPMODEL模型在重庆市开县温泉小流域径流模拟中的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以重庆市开县温泉流域(984km2)为研究区域,利用自动雨量站资料作为TOPMODEL(TOPography based hydrological MODEL)降水一径流模型的输入,以08:00 BST观测的流域出口流量作为模型率定的依据,探讨了用小时面雨量和08:00流量资料和TOPMODEL水文模型进行小流域流量模拟的可行性.结果表明,以08:00流量为依据对TOPMODEL水文模型进行率定后,模型效率系数达到0.872.结果表明,TOPMODEL在所研究的流域基本上是适用的.此工作是自动雨量站资料、天气雷达定量测量降水产品等用于小流域山洪预报的基础工作之一. 相似文献
13.
Errors and Correction of Precipitation Measurements in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In order to discover the range of various errors in Chinese precipitation measurements and seek a correction method, 30 precipitation evaluation stations were set up countrywide before 1993. All the stations are reference stations in China. To seek a correction method for wind-induced error, a precipitation correction instrument called the ＂horizontal precipitation gauge＂ was devised beforehand. Field intercomparison observations regarding 29,000 precipitation events have been conducted using one pit gauge, two elevated operational gauges and one horizontal gauge at the above 30 stations. The range of precipitation measurement errors in China is obtained by analysis of intercomparison measurement results. The distribution of random errors and systematic errors in precipitation measurements are studied in this paper. A correction method, especially for wind-induced errors, is developed. The results prove that a correlation of power function exists between the precipitation amount caught by the horizontal gauge and the absolute difference of observations implemented by the operational gauge and pit gauge. The correlation coefficient is 0.99. For operational observations, precipitation correction can be carried out only by parallel observation with a horizontal precipitation gauge. The precipitation accuracy after correction approaches that of the pit gauge. The correction method developed is simple and feasible. 相似文献
14.
This study employs a newly defined regional-rainfall-event (RRE) concept to compare the hourly characteristics of warm-season (May-September) rainfall among rain gauge observations, China merged hourly precipitation analysis (CMPA-Hourly), and two commonly used satellite products (TRMM 3B42 and CMORPH). By considering the rainfall characteristics in a given limited area rather than a single point or grid, this method largely eliminates the differences in rainfall characteristics among different observations or measurements over central-eastern China. The results show that the spatial distribution and diurnal variation of RRE frequency and intensity are quite consistent among different datasets, and the performance of CMPA-Hourly is better than the satellite products when compared with station observations. A regional rainfall coefficient (RRC), which can be used to classify local rain and regional rain, is employed to represent the spatial spread of rainfall in the limited region defining the RRE. It is found that rainfall spread in the selected grid box is more uniform during the nocturnal to morning hours over central-eastern China. The RRC tends to reach its diurnal maximum several hours after the RRE intensity peaks, implying an intermediate transition stage from convective to stratiform rainfall. In the afternoon, the RRC reaches its minimum, implying the dominance of local convections on small spatial scale in those hours, which could cause large differences in rain gauge and satellite observations. Since the RRE method reflects the overall features of rainfall in a limited region rather than at a fixed point or in a single grid, the widely recognized overestimation of afternoon rainfall in satellite products is not obvious, and thus the satellite estimates are more reliable in representing sub-daily variation of rainfall from the RRE perspective. This study proposes a reasonable method to compare satellite products with rain gauge observations on the sub-daily scale, which also has great potential to be used in evaluating the spatiotemporal variation of cloud and rainfall in numerical models. 相似文献
15.
This is the first attempt to merge highly accurate precipitation estimates from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) with gap free satellite observations from Meteosat to develop a regional rainfall monitoring algorithm to estimate heavy rainfall over India and nearby oceanic regions. Rainfall signature is derived from Meteosat observations and is co-located against rainfall from GPM to establish a relationship between rainfall and signature for various rainy seasons. This relationship can be used to monitor rainfall over India and nearby oceanic regions. Performance of this technique was tested by applying it to monitor heavy precipitation over India. It is reported that our algorithm is able to detect heavy rainfall. It is also reported that present algorithm overestimates rainfall areal spread as compared to rain gauge based rainfall product. This deficiency may arise from various factors including uncertainty caused by use of different sensors from different platforms (difference in viewing geometry from MFG and GPM), poor relationship between warm rain (light rain) and IR brightness temperature, and weak characterization of orographic rain from IR signature. We validated hourly rainfall estimated from the present approach with independent observations from GPM. We also validated daily rainfall from this approach with rain gauge based product from India Meteorological Department (IMD). Present technique shows a Correlation Coefficient (CC) of 0.76, a bias of −2.72 mm, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 10.82 mm, Probability of Detection (POD) of 0.74, False Alarm Ratio (FAR) of 0.34 and a Skill score of 0.36 with daily rainfall from rain gauge based product of IMD at 0.25° resolution. However, FAR reduces to 0.24 for heavy rainfall events. Validation results with rain gauge observations reveal that present technique outperforms available satellite based rainfall estimates for monitoring heavy rainfall over Indian region. 相似文献
16.
Suping Nie Tongwen Wu Yong Luo Xueliang Deng Xueli Shi Zaizhi Wang Xiangwen Liu Jianbin Huang 《大气科学进展》2016,33(7):889-904
This paper describes a strategy for merging daily precipitation information from gauge observations, satellite estimates(SEs), and numerical predictions at the global scale. The strategy is designed to remove systemic bias and random error from each individual daily precipitation source to produce a better gridded global daily precipitation product through three steps.First, a cumulative distribution function matching procedure is performed to remove systemic bias over gauge-located land areas. Then, the overall biases in SEs and model predictions(MPs) over ocean areas are corrected using a rescaled strategy based on monthly precipitation. Third, an optimal interpolation(OI)–based merging scheme(referred as the HL-OI scheme)is used to combine unbiased gauge observations, SEs, and MPs to reduce random error from each source and to produce a gauge—satellite–model merged daily precipitation analysis, called BMEP-d(Beijing Climate Center Merged Estimation of Precipitation with daily resolution), with complete global coverage. The BMEP-d data from a four-year period(2011–14) demonstrate the ability of the merging strategy to provide global daily precipitation of substantially improved quality.Benefiting from the advantages of the HL-OI scheme for quantitative error estimates, the better source data can obtain more weights during the merging processes. The BMEP-d data exhibit higher consistency with satellite and gauge source data at middle and low latitudes, and with model source data at high latitudes. Overall, independent validations against GPCP-1DD(GPCP one-degree daily) show that the consistencies between BMEP-d and GPCP-1DD are higher than those of each source dataset in terms of spatial pattern, temporal variability, probability distribution, and statistical precipitation events. 相似文献
17.
主特征提取法在天气雷达降水估测集成分析中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
提出使用主特征提取法对天气雷达定量估测降水的几种模式结果进行集成分析，获得降水分布的共同特征，并参照雨量计资料确定雷达探测范围内的降水强度分布，实例分析表明效果较好。 相似文献
18.
Adolfo Vicente Magaldi Joan Bech Jerónimo Lorente 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,105(3-4):121-132
Weather radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) are one of the usual tools to monitor rainfall intensity remotely by forecasters on duty or by automatic systems such as hydrological models. Derivation of radar QPE requires a set of robust quality control procedures to address a number of different factors. In particular, significant departures from the standard temperature and moisture atmospheric vertical profiles may increase dramatically the refraction of the radar beam. This anomalous propagation (AP or anaprop) of the microwave radar energy may therefore increase the number of spurious echoes due to ground clutter and contribute, with non-realistic rainfall, to the estimated precipitation field. Based on previous experience of geostationary satellite imagery usage to depict cloud-free areas in precipitation analysis systems, a methodology to incorporate Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) observations and NWP data in the quality control of weather radar QPE was implemented considering two different algorithms. They were validated with two different verification data sets, built with manually edited radar data and rain gauge observations using HKS, PC and FAR scores. The evaluation of the scores was performed for weak (<15 dBZ), stronger and all echoes and for day, night and day and night conditions. One of the methods dealing with weak echoes at night improved PC from 80 to 97% and decreased FAR from 0.32 to 0.19. The results obtained indicate that the technique shows potential for operational application complementing other existing methodologies designed to improve the quality of weather radar precipitation estimates. 相似文献
19.
基于贝叶斯融合方法的高分辨率地面-卫星-雷达三源降水融合试验 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
为了探讨一种适用于区域性的地面、雷达、卫星等多源降水资料融合的方法,一种曾用于高分辨雷达、卫星土壤湿度产品反演的贝叶斯融合(Bayesian Merging)方法被尝试应用于江淮地区1 h-0.05°×0.05°经纬度高分辨率的雷达估测降水、卫星反演降水与地面站点观测降水3种资料的融合。在应用该方法时,通过2009年8月样本统计分别估计卫星和雷达反演降水的误差关系,通过曲线拟合建立误差方程,并以卫星资料作为背景场,但在融合时将雷达估测降水作为新的观测信息与地面观测降水同时引入。融合试验检验结果表明:贝叶斯融合方法能够有效实现雷达、地面、卫星3种不同来源资料的融合,该方法生成的多源融合产品的精度均优于任何单一来源的降水产品。 相似文献