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1.
C波段偏振雷达数据预处理及在降水估计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用移动式C波段双线偏振雷达(PCDJ)观测资料,对安徽定远2013年6—7月3次降水过程进行数据处理方法和降水估计效果的分析,提出了优化的C波段双偏振雷达数据处理方案,在优化的R(Z_H)关系条件下,分析了降水估测的效果。对比分析中值滤波和小波分析方法对差传播相移Φ_(DP)数据处理的效果,发现小波分析方法对Φ_(DP)数据处理具有明显的改善作用;采用变距离法对小波分析处理后的Φ_(DP)数据进行拟合得到的K_(DP),数据的连续性和平滑度较好,且应用于降水估计的精度更高;利用较好的数据处理方法(小波分析)拟合得到的K_(DP)对水平反射率因子Z_H进行雨区衰减校正;以及利用SA雷达与PCDJ雷达衰减校正后的数据进行对比观测,表明PCDJ雷达回波强度比SA雷达偏弱。对两部雷达进行定量降水估计,并与地面雨量计小时降水量资料进行对比分析,结果表明:当降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,PCDJ雷达利用R(Z_H,K_(DP))关系估测降水的精度比R(Z_H)关系高,当降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,则相反;SA雷达与PCDJ雷达均基于反射率因子估测降水,SA雷达的效果更好;但在降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,PCDJ雷达基于R(Z_H,K_(DP))关系估测降水较SA雷达基于R(Z)关系方法具有更明显的优势。 相似文献
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X波段双线偏振雷达的衰减是影响其回波强度(ZH)和差分反射率因子(ZDR)应用的主要问题,影响了雷达的探测精度以及降水估测的精度。考虑到传播相移率(K_(DP))在低信噪比情况下数据质量问题,本文对比了4种订正方法(Z_H-K_(DP)法,整段ZPHI法,20库ZPHI法,80库ZPHI法)的订正效果,将广州S波段双线偏振雷达数据作为标准来评判佛山X波段双线偏振雷达衰减订正效果,由于两部雷达的位置差异,为了得到精确的点对点(方位角、仰角、距离库)的数据对,对广州S波段双线偏振雷达数据进行坐标转换以及插值处理,通过与广州S波段雷达数据进行对比分析相对偏差以及相关系数等,得出ZPHI订正法的效果要优于Z_H-K_(DP)综合订正法。 相似文献
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基于相态识别的S波段双线偏振雷达最优化定量降水估测方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了提高雷达定量降水估测的精度,本文利用雨滴谱数据、实际雨量以及不同偏振参量建立起的降水估测公式,参考CSU-ICE算法降水估测模型,建立了一种基于相态识别的S波段双线偏振雷达最优化定量降水估测算法(简称HCALIQ)。利用广东珠海S波段双线偏振雷达数据和华南密集的地面自动站网的雨量,以两次华南夏季典型的降水过程为例,对该最优化算法的估测效果进行了统计分析,并进一步与CSU-ICE方法、传统的R(Z_H)方法进行了比较。结果表明:以地面雨量计为标准,HCA-LIQ最优化算法表现出与雨量计较强的相关性且有着较好的稳定性。雷达相对地面雨量计小时雨量估测的偏差分布与离雷达的距离关系不大。按过程分类的结果显示,强对流云降水时,两种最优化算法要明显优于传统的R(Z_H)方法;混合云降水时,最优化算法的效果并不比R(Z_H)方法好;HCA-LIQ最优化算法比CSU-ICE算法效果更佳。按雨强分类统计时发现,与传统的R(Z_H)方法相比,HCA-LIQ最优化算法对小雨的估测偏差降低了23%,对中雨的估测偏差相当,对大雨、暴雨的估测偏差分别降低了71%、68%。 相似文献
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降水对X波段雷达电磁波的显著衰减,造成了回波弱化现象,带来了定量应用不准确的问题。为了减轻降水衰减对雷达数据的影响,用Z-K_(DP)(反射率因子-差分传播相位常数)方法对上海浦东气象局的X波段雷达反射率因子进行订正试验,具体方案为:当K_(DP)≥0.3°·km^(-1)时,用K_(DP)的值进行订正;当K_(DP)<0.3°·km^(-1)时,使用雨滴谱拟合A(衰减系数)和Z间的经验公式做衰减订正。选取对流性降水个例(2020年9月17日)和稳定性降水个例(2021年2月26日)进行衰减订正试验,经过衰减订正和系统偏差订正后,X波段雷达反射率因子与S波段雷达的反射率因子大小相当,回波形态相似,验证了该订正方法适用于对流性降水和稳定性降水的X波段雷达反射率因子的衰减订正。 相似文献
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X波段双偏振天气雷达在观测强降水时衰减较大,双偏振雷达的相位参数因衰减较小可用于反射率的衰减订正。自适应算法和差传播相移率K_(DP)订正法是应用较多的两种衰减订正算法,这两种方法均采用了差分参数实现衰减订正。自适应算法实现因难,但能够根据不同降水类型对订正系数进行调整,而K_(DP)订正法则无法实现。本文在自适应算法和K_(DP)订正法衰减订正的基础上提出了K_(DP)综合分类法,该算法实现简单,并分别采用三种方法完成衰减订正,然后对订正效果进行了比较分析,并与S波段雷达进行了对比。最后将订正前后的反射率联合地面降水资料进行对比研究,结果显示订正后反射率更适合观测降水及反演雨强。 相似文献
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针对贵州威宁X波段双偏振雷达的衰减订正问题,在利用综合小波去噪方法对差分传播相移ФDP进行质量控制基础上,基于自适应衰减订正算法对雷达反射率因子ZH进行衰减订正分析,订正结果与昭通C波段新一代天气雷达进行对比,结果表明：（1）综合小波去噪能够有效去除ФDP存在的脉动和毛刺,保证ФDP的连续性和平滑度;（2）订正前后雷达反射率因子在距离雷达较近处（20-35 km）强度廓线基本重合,订正前后差别不大,随着对流区（雨区）距离的增加,电磁信号出现衰减,订正后反射率值加强,总体上订正后的反射率值比订正前高1-12 dB,其中在35～75 km距离范围内,订正后的反射率值达到50 dBz以上,雷达反射率因子更加接近真实情况;（3）使用综合小波去噪配合自适应衰减订正算法可以提高雷达反射率因子衰减订正的准确率,方法具有普适性,在今后科研业务中可以采用该订正方法以进一步提高对粒子相态识别、降水估测精度。 相似文献
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对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。 相似文献
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雨区衰减对双线偏振雷达测雨的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以滴谱理论为基础，给出了双线偏振雷达各测雨式的雨区衰减订正公式和方法，并利用模拟的滴谱分布资料，分析了各波段双线偏振雷达各测雨式受雨区衰减的影响情况以及做衰减订正后的改进情况，提出了双线偏振雷达各测雨式在估测降雨中使用的建议。 相似文献
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地形的起伏使雷达波束受到严重的遮挡,使回波数据质量受到很大干扰。本文使用SRTM任务的DEM数据和谷歌公司的DEM数据分别计算了位于北京南郊的S波段雷达低仰角的波束遮挡率,建立了部分遮挡区域的回波反射率订正关系,并在2018年5月19日北京一次大范围层状云降水过程中,对波束遮挡订正前后的雷达定量估测雨量与地面3个雨量计观测结果进行了定性与定量化对比分析。结果表明:①波束遮挡订正有助于改善反射率因子的空间连续性。波束遮挡订正后的仰角0.5°的反射率与1.5°的反射率之间的差值整体呈现缩小特征,符合层状云降水垂直廓线特点。②09:00—11:00,相比波束遮挡订正前的雷达定量估测雨量(QPE),波束订正后的QPE准确性得到改善,使用分级标准误差与归一化平均偏差评价波束遮挡订正前后QPE与雨量计实测值之间的误差,波束订正后的反射率估测雨量与雨量计实测雨量一致性更好。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献