共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
浙江沿海登陆台风结构特性的多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省新一代多普勒雷达组网资料,选取在浙江东南沿海近乎同一地点登陆的3个台风进行研究。从登陆前6 h到登陆后7 h,对比分析3个台风在登陆前后的雷达回波和降水结构时空变化特征。利用单多普勒雷达四维变分风场反演技术,对温州多普勒雷达探测资料进行了风场反演。结合利用雷达回波强度资料,对3个台风登陆前后1 h在云岩、昌禅等地造成特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的三维结构及其演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明,台风强度与其螺旋云带中的对流单体密切相关。台风强度愈强,其中低层环状平均回波强度就愈强,对流活动也就愈旺盛,降水强度也愈大。台风登陆前,回波(雨带)从眼墙向外围传播。台风登陆后,随着台风外围回波(雨带)明显减弱,台风眼墙回波(雨带)则明显增强,台风眼区逐渐被强回波所取代,使台风登陆后眼墙的平均雨强比登陆前增大。台风登陆后1 h,由于低(高)层水平辐合(散)增强,强对流回波中倾斜的上升(下沉)气流明显增大,使对流运动更加活跃,造成登陆后1 h的降雨量显著增强。台风强度与登陆后1 h降雨量的增强幅度成正比。台风强度越强,垂直风切变就越大,垂直切变风速大值区与最大降雨区有较好的对应关系。台风登陆后1 h,垂直切变风速的明显增加对登陆台风螺旋雨带中的中小尺度对流的加强和维持起到了非常重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
2020年第4号台风“黑格比”在浙南登陆后过境北雁荡山期间在山区引发了特大暴雨。基于中尺度数值模式WRFV4.0.2对台风进行高分辨率数值模拟，分析北雁荡山地形对此次台风暴雨的作用，并设置了升降地形敏感性试验。结果表明：数值试验较好地模拟了台风移动及特大暴雨的落区和强度，台风大风区明显不对称分布，台风登陆后第一、四象限过境山区，其东侧强偏南气流向山区输送了充足水汽。台风登陆前山区低空存在一条由台风内核拖曳出的狭长螺旋辐合带，水汽通量辐合与风场辐合相一致。台风眼墙过境时沿着降水中心的迎风坡有强烈上升运动，动力条件极好，水汽输送带由近地面向对流层低层延展，山区有零星对流单体触发加强。台风后部环流影响时在高海拔山区风速减弱、绕流激发了中尺度低涡，强降水中心迎风坡上出现持续性、停滞不动的强正涡度中心，是特大暴雨发生的主要原因。地形敏感性试验中无地形时降水减幅40%～50%，地形高度翻倍降水增幅超过60%。 相似文献
3.
台风“桑美”（0608）登陆前后降水结构的时空演变特征 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
利用雷达－雨量计联合测量降水技术得到的1小时雨量分布资料, 分析了台风“桑美”登陆前后距台风中心111 km以内的降水结构及其时空演变特征, 尤其是登陆前双眼墙循环过程中, 降水结构的变化特征。研究发现: 在登陆前“桑美”经历了双眼墙循环过程, 在此期间, 其内、外眼墙和雨带降水均以强降水为主, 内、外眼墙平均降水率均随时间增强, 而外眼墙增长幅度更大, 且平均降水率始终大于内眼墙, 但并没有伴随外眼半径减小的过程。而雨带平均降水率随时间变化很小, 略有下降。在登陆后,“桑美”内核和外围区仍是以强降水为主, 登陆前三小时左右内核区平均降水率有一个迅速增长的趋势, 登陆后随着台风强度的减弱, 其平均降水率迅速下降。“桑美”降水的空间分布特征显示, 其登陆前后降水结构有明显的非对称性, 在登陆前内、外眼墙和雨带最大降水均出现在台风移动路径的右侧, 且雨带的最大降水率始终位于内、外眼墙的右方; 登陆后, 内核区和外围降水更多地出现在移动路径的后方, 而不是登陆前的右侧。 相似文献
4.
有些南海弱台风在登陆广东时,由于路径复杂、移动缓慢,会对广东地区造成较长时间和较大范围的风雨灾害。使用双偏振雷达对2018—2020年登陆广东的南海弱台风分析,发现南海弱台风在登陆前强降水区主要有两个:一个是位于海上的台风中心南侧眼墙的降水区,另外一个是在台风移动方向的右前方,台风螺旋雨带上岸的区域。在眼墙中,ZH和KDP的大值区在低层同位相,ZDR大值区位于偏上风方向,降水粒子在移动的右侧开始激发,移动的右侧至右前侧为浓度较大的小粒子降水,而右侧和右后侧为大粒子降水。而且台风降水粒子在海洋和陆地有明显差异,陆地由于地形摩擦和抬升作用,降水粒子浓度较大,但水汽和能量供应不足,降水粒子直径较小;海面由于水汽和能量供应充足,对流发展较高,主要为大雨滴的对流降水,但降水粒子浓度不及陆地。 相似文献
5.
台风苏迪罗登陆次日分散性暴雨成因及预报着眼点 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用常规气象观测,卫星、雷达资料,数值模式和中央气象台定量降水预报数据以及FNL分析数据等对台风苏迪罗的定量降水预报进行检验,探讨台风登陆次日分散性暴雨成因和预报着眼点。苏迪罗登陆次日,暴雨分布相对较分散,各家数值模式对其把握均较差。NMC的24 h定量降水预报虽在模式基础上有较好订正,但仍存在明显的暴雨空、漏报现象:暴雨落区预报较实况偏南,导致南侧空报、北侧漏报。受环境场和台风非对称结构影响,强降水产生的有利动力、水汽条件均位于台风北侧和东部沿海地区。台风东北象限对流层低层存在两条强辐合带,其间为降水较弱的弱辐散和下沉运动区。预报员对台风结构的非对称性及风场的非均匀性把握不足,对台风中心附近和两条辐合带间的弱降水区预报偏强,造成暴雨空报。在地形作用下,浙江沿海不断有强降水产生,随后沿切线方向发展为螺旋雨带并逐渐北扩。预报员对地形不断强迫作用下降水沿螺旋雨带的发展及向外围的扩散没有预期,导致浙江北部暴雨漏报。台风登陆次日分散性暴雨的预报着眼点包括:台风非对称性、风场非均匀性、螺旋雨带发展及地形作用等。非对称性影响较大尺度的降水落区;低层风场非均匀的辐合带及急流分布则引起螺旋雨带的发展、演变,决定了台风的精细强降水落区。除地形对局地降水具有增幅作用外,强降水沿螺旋雨带的发展还会对下游地区产生影响。 相似文献
6.
利用崇左国家气象观测站、防城国家基准气候站的雨滴谱观测数据，结合观测站雨量数据及雷达观测资料，分析2019年8月2～3日台风“韦帕”影响期间内陆背风侧(LSI)、近海岸迎风侧(WSC)不同降水阶段的雨滴谱结构特征及其差异。结果显示，台风“韦帕”降雨以中、小雨滴贡献为主，尤其中雨滴贡献率稳定在70%以上。LSI处以层状云降水为主，雨强相对平缓，WSC处表现为积层混合云降水，雨强较大且波动剧烈。因强烈的对流上升运动导致WSC的雨滴数浓度、雨滴直径明显大于LSI。LSI处在台风登陆后雨势增强的最主要因素是雨滴直径增大，WSC处由台风眼墙转变为强对流螺旋雨带影响后其雨势增强则主要是由于雨滴数浓度增加。台风“韦帕”对流降水的质量加权平均直径均值为1.85 mm，对数标准化数浓度均值为3.95 mm-1 m-3;LSI处对流降水位于海洋性对流区域内，而WSC处则介于海洋性和大陆性对流之间。 相似文献
7.
基于厦门市2016年9月14—15日S波段双偏振雷达资料,研究了2016年第14号台风“莫兰蒂”登陆前后降水特征以及它们的差异。结果表明:台风“莫兰蒂”登陆过程经历了登陆前缓慢减弱、登陆后快速减弱、登陆后缓慢减弱3个阶段。登陆前,台风螺旋雨带中对流旺盛,发展高度高,冷云过程较强,0℃层以上存在大量的冰晶。0℃层以下,粒子破碎比较严重,降水以小滴为主。登陆后快速减弱阶段,受地形影响,台风内区发展高度升高。登陆后快速减弱阶段,螺旋雨带发展高度降低,0℃层上冰相粒子数量减少,0℃层以下,粒子之间的碰并增长和蒸发过程明显,降水以中小雨滴为主,暖云过程占主导。 相似文献
8.
利用TRMM卫星资料分析"桑美"台风云系特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
利用TRMM卫星测雨雷达、微波成像仪探测结果,结合天气图、FY-2c卫星云图、南昌多普勒雷达图,对"桑美"台风活动的大气环流、不同阶段云系特点,以及云中冰、水结构进行了分析.结果表明,"桑美"云系在洋面时有清晰的台风眼和云墙结构,螺旋云带范围较大,在云墙和螺旋云带处存在较强降水;临近登陆时螺旋云带和降水范围明显减小,但云墙处分布大量冰粒子和水粒子,云墙处对流极其强烈,中心区域强降水云系更为紧密;登陆后云墙结构消散,强度减弱."桑美"登陆后降水水平范围明显减小,且中心处的降水强度也要小于在洋面时,台风云顶高度明显小于在洋面时."桑美"登陆后在江西境内的对流降水样本比例和降水贡献率都远高于在洋面上,其中10～20 mm/h对流性降水贡献率达46.7%,导致江西局部产生大暴雨. 相似文献
9.
利用常规气象观测资料、卫星及雷达拼图以及NCEP分辨率为1°×1°的再分析资料,对浙江和山东两个区域不同的极端降水特征及其成因进行诊断对比分析。结果表明:浙江极端降水表现出“高效”的热带降水系统特征,山东极端降水是一次长时间,中等强度的“大陆锋面型”降水。台风近海对称性和对流明显增强;同时,其西北行移速较同期台风偏慢,导致行进方向上长时间受螺旋雨带影响;受超强台风厚实云墙影响,登陆前后浙江等地风雨激增;另外,双台风及沿海山地地形对浙江降水有增幅作用。而山东地区主要受台风北侧稳定维持倒槽和西风槽结合影响,出现极端降水。敏感性分析发现山东降水和台风“第一象限”低层偏南急流强度相关性好,而台风环流持续维持、高度场的密集梯度及降水的潜热反馈共同导致低层急流(>20 m·s-1)长时间维持;同时,西风带高空槽和台风倒槽势力相当,形成稳定“锋区”;锋前多条带状对流持续向北发展,形成“列车效应”;后期冷空气侵入台风中心后山东北侧依然维持较好环流配置。上述条件共同维持了山东地区持续性的较强“锋面降水”。副高、西风槽及台风环流的强度对比是本轮台风降水预报的关键因素。 相似文献
10.
登陆台风内降水效率变化对降水增幅影响的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在应用高分辨率数值模式WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting model)对台风“海葵”(2012)发展演变成功模拟的基础上,研究登陆台风内降水效率变化对降水增幅的影响。通过物理场配置、水成物的分布和收支演变的诊断分析表明：在台风登陆后内部次级环流减弱,环境场水汽供应稳定并有所减少的条件下,台风内六种水成物粒子(水汽、云水、云冰、雪、雨和霰)在眼墙和螺旋雨带区域发生配置变化,对于提高台风系统降水效率,维持整体降水强度具有重要作用。将六种水成物按照水汽、云和降水的属性分为三类,分别进行收支诊断分析,发现不同水成物的分布与转化过程对于台风登陆后的降水效率变化具有重要影响,冰相粒子的减少、云体的消耗、以及霰粒子的转化,使得台风内部产生了空间范围更加集中、大值中心更贴近地面的降落型水成物,是台风登陆后降水维持和增幅的直接原因。因而,分析水成物的分布与转化过程对降水效率的影响,对于台风登陆后降水维持或增幅的预报具有重要价值。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献