共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用ＬＬＡ－Ｃ光化学反应机制,在ＮＯＸ保持高值不变时,模拟分布范围很广的８种初始［ＮＭＨＣ］／［ＮＯｘ］（１０９／１０９）（１．０、３．０、７．１、１４．３、２８．６、５７．２、１００．０、２００．０）条件下臭氧体积分数的变化。模拟结果表明,当［ＮＭＨＣ］／［ＮＯｘ］≥１５．０时,臭氧生成量对ＮＭＨＣ的改变不大敏感而主要依赖于ＮＯｘ的大小。但是,当非甲烷烃与氮氧化物的比北较低（＜７．０）时,臭氧生成量紧密地依赖于非甲烷烃体积分数。进一步的验证工作还有待于加强。 相似文献
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以 Ｌ Ｌ Ａ－ Ｃ 机制为基准,在［ Ｎ Ｍ Ｈ Ｃ］／［ Ｎ Ｏ＃ － ｘ］ 比率分别为１７９ 、７１４ 、２８６ 条件下测试了区域性光化学模式（ Ｒ Ｏ Ｓ） 的模拟性能。结果表明 Ｒ Ｏ Ｓ 模式在上述三种初值条件下均能从总体趋势上给出与 Ｌ Ｌ Ａ － Ｃ 机制相似的结果, 但只有当非甲烷烃浓度较高（［ Ｎ Ｍ Ｈ Ｃ］／［ Ｎ Ｏｘ］ ＞ １２） 时 Ｒ Ｏ Ｓ 模式模拟值与 Ｌ Ｌ Ａ－ Ｃ 机制预测值比较接近。在这种条件下, Ｒ Ｏ Ｓ 模型对 Ｏ Ｈ 的预测值有待改进。我国大气中相当高的［ Ｎ Ｍ Ｈ Ｃ］／［ Ｎ Ｏｘ］ 比率说明 Ｒ Ｏ Ｓ 模式用于全国范围内的空气质量趋势模拟是可行的。 相似文献
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云对云中大气臭氧影响因子的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用一个较详细的气相光化学和液相化学耦合的箱体模式, 研究了云层对云中大气臭氧的影响过程。这一过程可分解为三个因子来考虑： 因子Ａ （云的辐射效应）, 由于云的存在改变太阳光辐射通量, 使得对流层光化学反应减弱或增强, 从而降低或增加臭氧浓度; 因子Ｂ（云的吸收效应）, 云层中液态水对大气臭氧及其前体物 （ＮＯｘ、ＮＭＨＣ、自由基等） 的直接吸收作用; 因子Ｃ（云的液相化学效应）, 吸收进入云中的物质发生液相化学反应从而改变大气臭氧浓度。数值研究结果表明： 上述三因子对云中臭氧浓度影响的程度差别很大, 并且与云层的物理结构有密切关系。讨论了云的吸收及液相化学效应影响臭氧浓度的主要原因 相似文献
4.
深对流云输送对于对流层O3、NOx在分析的作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用一个冰雹云模式与云化学输送模块耦合而成的三维对流云化学／输送模式, 研究对流云对重要的大气污染物臭氧 （Ｏ３）、氮氧化物 （ＮＯｘ, 包括ＮＯ 和ＮＯ２） 的输送作用。模式较好地体现了一个单体积云的发展过程及其特征。云化学／输送模式的结果表明, 云内强烈的垂直输送能在３０ ｍ ｉｎ 左右, 把低层低体积分数的Ｏ３和高体积分数的ＮＯ２快速、有效地输送到对流层的上部, 造成化学物种的再分布。而在云顶附近, 由于对流穿透了对流层的顶部,造成了上层高体积分数Ｏ３的向下侵入,说明云的对流活动除了能把边界层内的污染物向上输送, 其夹卷作用还可以造成平流层和对流层化学物质的交换。 相似文献
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60～70oS臭氧总量的QBO和ENSO信号 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用Ｎｉｍｂｕｓ－７上搭载的臭氧总量观测光谱仪（ＴＯＭＳ）得到的６０～７０ｏＳ纬圈中臭氧总量资料,分析研究了该地区臭氧总量准两年振荡（ＱＢＯ）和ＥＮＳＯ信号的纬向分布,指出在该纬圈臭氧总量的长期变化中包含着的ＱＢＯ和ＥＮＳＯ信号。同时,本文还分析研究了沿纬圈分布的大气臭氧总量季节变化和长期变化趋势,指出在该纬圈各个季节中臭氧总量呈下降趋势,以６０～１００ｏＷ十月份的下降最大,达到－９．３ＤＵ／ａ。研究同时表明：臭氧总量季节变化、长期变化趋势、以及ＱＢＯ信号的纬向分布都在西南极上空出现异常。本文对此进行了讨论,认为这是西南极海陆分布调整大气环流及大气波动造成对臭氧总量分布和变化的影响 相似文献
7.
天津市空气污染数值预报试验中的模式系统 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
介绍了天津市空气污染数值预报实验中城市空气污染数值预报模式系统的构成及各模块的功能。在天津市空气污染预报实验期间, α中尺度气象模式对区域范围内的逐时风、温、湿及其降水预报取得了较好的效果, 且模式的计算时间短; β中尺度气象模式在边界层内具有较高的垂直分辨率, 模拟结果合理, 其中计算与观测的风向差小于６０ｏ的概率达到６４３％ , 计算与观测的风速比值接近于１; 预报的地面ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ和ＴＳＰ浓度与同步监测值相比, 城市空气污染预报模式对ＳＯ２和ＮＯｘ的日平均浓度的预报效果较好, 预报准确率达６４０％ , 而对ＴＳＰ的预报则较差 相似文献
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中国地区对流层臭氧变化和分布的数值研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
利用三维中尺度非静力模式ＭＭ５和化学模式,对１９９４年８月１６～１８日,１９９５年１月７～９日冬夏两个不同时期中国大陆大气对流层臭氧及其前体物质的分布进行了数值模拟。同时深入地分析了青藏高原地区夏季对流层臭氧的分布。模拟结果地面臭氧和ＮＯｘ的分布与观测结果基本一致,人类活动和光化过程是决定地面臭氧和ＮＯｘ的主要因子。对流层臭氧浓度的分布与气流的辐合辐散存在较好的对应关系,辐合区臭氧浓度较高,辐散区臭氧浓度较低。夏季,青藏高原中低空存在很强的辐合气流,使周边臭氧向高原辐合;而高原高空,受南亚高压控制存在很强的反气旋环流,臭氧由高原向周边辐散。冬季,受西风气流控制,臭氧分布表征大尺度特征。西风急流区臭氧浓度偏低,而急流两侧臭氧浓度偏高。 相似文献
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利用EKMA曲线制定光化学烟雾污染区域总量控制方案 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
光化学烟雾的主要成分———Ｏ３是二次污染物,故以往对一次污染物的控制方案不能直接用于对Ｏ３的控制。利用ＥＫＭＡ曲线,通过控制光化学烟雾的前体物ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ来控制Ｏ３的日最大浓度,从而达到对光化学烟雾进行总量控制的目的。以光化学污染较严重的兰州西固区为例,列出了光化学烟雾的反应过程和有关参数,并详细地说明了ＥＫＭＡ曲线的制作过程和使用方法,从而解决了前体物排放量与大气质量之间的关系,为总量控制提供了ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ的削减方案。模式计算结果表明,削减方案使最大Ｏ３浓度显著降低,达到了国家标准。最后,结合经济技术的可行性,确定出最优的削减方案。这是我国对Ｏ３进行控制的首次尝试,有关的计算结果已被环保部门采纳。 相似文献
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龙凤山大气近地层O3浓度变化及与其它因素的关系 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
研究首次在龙凤山区域大气本底站测得的地面Ｏ３浓度及其变化的资料表明,中国东北农村地面大气Ｏ３浓度总体水平不很高,但在少数特殊的天气条件下,时均浓度可超过国家二级标准。Ｏ３浓度存在明显的季节和日变化,其月平均浓度１９９５年１月最低（２７．５ｐｐｂ）,１９９４年１１月最高（４３．２ｐｐｂ）。Ｏ３日变化幅度夏季的晴天最大（２８ｐｐｂ）,冬季的阴天最小（８ｐｐｂ）。气象要素（尤其是风速、气温和相对湿度等）和ＮＯｘ与地面Ｏ３浓度有较密切的关系。用多变量分析法探讨了地面Ｏ３各指标随气象因子和ＮＯｘ共同变化的规律,并拟合了寒冷和温暖期里与地面Ｏ３日最高浓度、日最低浓度及日变化幅度有关的方程。 相似文献
11.
The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in threecircumstances:(1)adiabatic process,(2)diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3)diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The resultsindicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution tothe time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible. 相似文献
12.
MEASUREMENTS AND MODEL SIMULATIONS OF SURFACE OZONE VARIATIONS AT DIFFERENT BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS OF THE PRECURSORS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ozone photochemical production and loss in very different environments at Waliguan baselinestation and Lin'an background station were simulated by using the measurement data and photo-chemical box model.The results show that net ozone photochemical production rate is negative,about 0.5 ppb/d,at Waliguan baseline sation,because of very low precursor concentrations.Butat Lin'an background station,the net photochemical ozone production is positive,about 2—3 ppb/h.which is very closed with the measurement at Lin'an.That means ozone production was con-trolled by photochemical reactions at Lin'an background station,because of the higher precursorconcentrations.The net destruction rate,at Waliguan Mt.,is not large,so that future increase inanthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen will lead to larger production rates of steady-state O_3concentration. 相似文献
13.
The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in three circumstances:(1) adiabatic process,(2) diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3) diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The results indicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution to the time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible. 相似文献
14.
Ozone photochemical production and loss in very different environments at Waliguan baseline station and Lin'an background station were simulated by using the measurement data and photochemical box model.The results show that net ozone photochemical production rate is negative,about 0.5 ppb/d,at Waliguan baseline sation,because of very low precursor concentrations.But at Lin'an background station,the net photochemical ozone production is positive,about 2-3 ppb/h.which is very closed with the measurement at Lin'an.That means ozone production was controlled by photochemical reactions at Lin'an background station,because of the higher precursor concentrations.The net destruction rate,at Waliguan Mt.,is not large,so that future increase in anthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen will lead to larger production rates of steady-state O3 concentration. 相似文献
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The effect of soil NO emissions on surface ozone in autumn in East China has been studied byusing TCTM(Troposphere Chemical Transport Model)with the input of meteorological variablesfrom RAMS.The chemical mechanism for ozone variation caused by soil emissions has also beeninvestigated.The model results reveal that soil NO emissions are important to regional ozoneformation and distribution and the effect of soil NO emissions shows spatial inhomogeneity.Ozoneover most areas in northern China decreases with maximum average decrement reaching 5 ppbwhile it increases over most areas of central and southern China with maximum average incrementreaching 7 ppb caused by soil NO emissions.This situation of ozone variation is mainly determinedby nonlinear photochemical mechanism.For the low NOx areas(≤3 ppb),ozone increases as NOxincreases;for the high NOx areas(>3 ppb),ozone decreases as NOx increases.The effect of soilNO emissions on ozone depends on the transition value and NOx concentrations. 相似文献
16.
The effect of soil NO emissions on surface ozone in autumn in East China has been studied by using TCTM(Troposphere Chemical Transport Model)with the input of meteorological variables from RAMS.The chemical mechanism for ozone variation caused by soil emissions has also been investigated.The model results reveal that soil NO emissions are important to regional ozone formation and distribution and the effect of soil NO emissions shows spatial inhomogeneity.Ozone over most areas in northern China decreases with maximum average decrement reaching 5 ppb while it increases over most areas of central and southern China with maximum average increment reaching 7 ppb caused by soil NO emissions.This situation of ozone variation is mainly determined by nonlinear photochemical mechanism.For the low NOx areas(≤3 ppb),ozone increases as NOx increases;for the high NOx areas(>3 ppb),ozone decreases as NOx increases.The effect of soil NO emissions on ozone depends on the transition value and NOx concentrations. 相似文献
17.
香港地区一次光化学污染过程的特征分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对2000年3月28～31日发生在香港地区的一次光化学污染过程进行了分析.在这次过程中,O3、NO2、CO、RSP、SO2的最大浓度分别达到175.2 μg/m3,333.5 μg/m3,5405 μg/m3,349.3 μg/m3,132.8 μg/m3,污染持续时间三天,影响范围覆盖香港全境.利用同步的气象资料和大气污染监测数据,进行了浓度变化分析、气象条件分析、局地光化学机制分析和输送机制分析.结果揭示了这次污染过程的基本特征,并指出造成这次大气污染的可能原因:晴天高温、低湿的气象条件和局地污染物的排放对此次光化学烟雾的形成有重要作用;外地污染物的输送对污染形成也有一定贡献.香港地区所处的地理位置、城市布局和交通状况有利于光化学污染的形成. 相似文献
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光化学臭氧日变化特征与其前体物关系的探讨 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
应用大气光化学模式研究了日最大臭氧体积分数及其出现时刻与其前体物NMHC、NOx体积分数及NMHC／NOx比值的关系。结果表明，影响日最大臭氧体积分数（ψ03max）脊线位置（EKMA图，Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach）的关键因子是NMHC成份组成比例；日臭氧体积分数达到最大值需要的时间（τ03max）与NMHC／NOx比值及NMHC成份组成比例有关，与NMHC、NOx体积分数关系不大。此外，利用该结果解释了近20a北京日最大臭氧体积分数出现时刻具有不断提前的变化趋势的原因。 相似文献
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High PAN concentrations during nonsummer periods: A study of two episodes in Creteil (Paris), France
The effect of sunlight on air containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides leads to a very complex series of reactions which form, among other secondary pollutants, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN). This compound is believed to be the most useful indicator of photochemical pollution, and has been monitored for several months at the University of Creteil (Paris, France). Although it is commonly accepted that high PAN levels occur more frequently in summer, our results show elevated PAN concentrations during nonsummer periods, precisely during two episodes in October 1985 and February 1986. A close examination of these episodes indicates that, in addition to local photochemical production, long-range transport of polluted air masses can occur in winter, revealing the influence of emissions from central Europe. 相似文献
20.
Acetaldehyde is one of the important VOC species of O3 precursors in the atmospheric environment. The influences of relative humidity (RH) and initial VOC/NOx ratio (RCN) on the formation of O3 are studied in smog chamber experiments, and the MCM v3.3.1 mechanism of acetaldehyde is modified based on the experimental results. In low-RH conditions (RH= 11.6％±1.1％), the O3 concentration at 6 h increases first and then decreases with the increase of RCN, and the RCN at the inflection point of O3 concentrations is 3.2. In high-RH experiments (RH = 78.8％±1.0％), variation of the O3 concentration at 6 h with RCN is similar to that in low-RH experiments, but the RCN at the inflection point is 2.8. RH has no significant effect on the O3 concentrations under low RCN (< 3), whereas it has a negative effect under high RCN (> 3). Compared with the experimental results, original MCM v3.3.1 greatly underestimates the O3 concentrations. Addition of both the photolysis process of peroxyacetyl nitrate and the photolysis process of HNO3 on the reactor surface into the original MCM can reduce the difference between the simulated O3 concentrations and the experimental results at 6 h from 24％-35％ and 17％-49％ to 6％-26％ and 10％-42％ under low- and high-RH conditions, respectively. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) of acetaldehyde simulated with the modified MCM is 4.0 ppb ppb-1 without considering the effect of other VOCs. 相似文献