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1.
经圈环流对定常波传播的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在一般斜压大气中，基本气流中包含经圈环流时，定常波传播不仅能穿过东风带，而且明显增强。在基流含有经圈环流的情况下，北半球中纬度地形强迫可引起低纬大气的显著响应，这表明经圈环流在中低纬定常响应的相互联系中起着重要作用；北半球中纬度热力强迫可产生类似北半球夏季季风环流的波列分布，这说明经圈环流在夏季季风环流的形成中起着一定的作用；在赤道东太平洋加热强迫情况下，在冬半球可引起ＰＮＡ型的定常波传播波列，而在夏半球却没有明显的ＰＮＡ特征。这表明经圈环流对冬、夏半球的定常波传播路径有着显著的影响。 相似文献
2.
大气经圈环流对波动和能量传输的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文用斜压准地转模式讨论了经圈环流作为基流的一部分对不同风系中波动和能量传输的影响。特别指出在东风带中因经圈环流的存在,就可能形成定常和非定常的经向行星波,使夏季低纬度东风气流中的波动及其能量向中、高纬度传播。 文中还分析和计算了定常经向波和瞬变波的群速度和一些动力学性质。 相似文献
3.
雷兆崇 《南京气象学院学报》1981,(2)
本文利用1979年6月逐日的实测风资料,用间接推算法计算了90°E经圈剖面上的平均加热场,进而利用平均经圈环流诊断方程计算了不均匀的非绝热加热所驱动的平均经圈环流,并与转盘模拟实验、大气环流数值试验以及自然正交函数分解的结果进行了比较。本文指出1979年6用高原中部平均经圈环流以及逐日经圈环流作自然正交函数分解所得到的第二特征向量场,主要是由于不均匀的非绝热加热强迫形成的,从而显示了青藏高原热力作用对于初夏经圈环流的巨大影响。同时,本文还揭露了六月份北半球大气环流季节转换期间经围环流演变的特征。 相似文献
4.
1961～1997年110～140。E垂直经圈环流的年际变化特征及其与海温变化的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，分析了196l～1997各年1月和7月的大气垂直经圈环流的变化特征，特别分析了110～140°E平均的垂直经圈环流和其中的东亚季风环流。计算了各年的经圈环流与多年平均垂直经圈环流之相似系数、差异系数和相对强度。文中除讨论了它们的年际和10年际变化外，还讨论了东亚季风环流强弱变化与ENSO循环的关系。结果表明:(1)垂直经圈环流除有年变化外，存在着较明显的年际和年代际变化。1月的全球平均经圈环流1966～1974年较弱，1976～1987年较强；7月的全球垂直经圈环流则是1963～1974年较强，1986～1995年则相对较弱。(2)110～140°E的平均经圈环流主要特点是:1月东亚季风环流圈代替了北半球的Ferrel环流圈，7月东亚季风环流圈代替了北半球的Hadley环流圈，而且其10年际变化也比较明显。(3)东亚季风环流强弱的变化与ENSO循环有一定的关系。 相似文献
5.
基于NCEP/NCAR和ERA 40两套再分析资料及中国160个站月降水资料,分析了海河流域夏季降水的变化特征及受东亚夏季风的影响,并定义了东亚夏季经圈环流指数,研究了东亚夏季风的年际和年代际气候变化特征及与海河流域夏季降水的关系。结果表明：近30年来,夏季东亚地区对流层低层和高层的西风均呈现反位相的变化特征,同时东亚地区对流层低层南风分量异常减弱,中低纬度的经圈环流也呈现减弱趋势,夏季风的强度随之减弱,不利于夏季雨带向北推进。文中定义的东亚夏季经圈环流指数与海河流域夏季降水存在显著的正相关关系,说明经圈环流指数值越大,东亚经圈环流强度越强,利于夏季东亚季风向北推进,从而使海河流域夏季降水偏多。反之,当东亚夏季风偏弱时,东亚经圈环流也偏弱,不利于海河流域降水偏多。本文结果表明,东亚经圈环流的年代际减弱是海河流域近30年处于少雨期的一个直接原因。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1979-2009年月平均风场资料,用质量流函数来定义东亚副热带的经圈环流指数,分析夏季(6-8月)东亚副热带经圈环流特征.结果表明,夏季东亚地区受反Hadlev环流影响,表现出与全球平均经圈环流不同的特征,用指数表征的东亚副热带经圈环流强度存在明显的年际和年代际变化.另外,利用相关性及水汽通量... 相似文献
7.
1961～1997年110～140°E垂直经圈环流的年际变化特征及其与海温变化的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用 ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料，分析了 １９６１～ １９９７各年 １月和 ７月的大气垂直 经圈环流的变化特征，特别分析了１１０～１４０°Ｅ平均的垂直经圈环流和其中的东亚季风环 流。计算了各年的经圈环流与多年平均垂直经圈环流之相似系数、差异系数和相对强度。文 中除讨论了它们的年际和１０年际变化外，还讨论了东亚季风环流强弱变化与ＥＮＳＯ循环的 关系。结果表明：（１）垂直经圈环流除有年变化外，存在着较明显的年际和年代际变化。１ 月的全球平均经圈环流１９６６～１９７４年较弱，１９７６～１９８７年较强；７月的全球垂直经圈环流 则是１９６３～１９７４年较强，１９８６～１９９５年则相对较弱。（２）１１０～１４０°Ｅ的平均经圈环流主要 特点是： １月东亚季风环流圈代替了北半球的Ｆｅｒｒｅｌ环流圈，７月东亚季风环流圈代替了北 半球的Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流圈，而且其１０年际变化也比较明显。（３）东亚季风环流强弱的变化与 ＥＮＳＯ循环有一定的关系。 相似文献
8.
应用本征模式的浅水运动方程,研究了热带大气中Walker环流和Hadley环流圈的垂直结构和海洋加热尺度间的关系,如热源的纬圈尺度为L,赤道Rossby变形半径为L_0,Ray-leigh摩擦和Newton冷却系数为ε,则垂直环流圈的结构依赖于加热尺度L的大小。当α(=L_0/L)>α_0(ε)时(即小尺度热源),其结果和Gill的定常解相似,即在热源中心西侧的Rossby波活动区,与Walker环流相联系的Hadley环流,是热力性的正环流。低层空气是向赤道辐合,高层空气是向极地的,并在副热带地区下沉;而在热源以东的Kelvin波活动区,经圈速度的垂直分布反过来,即低层气流是向极地的,高层气流是向赤道的。但当热源尺度变得适当大后,例如当α<α_0(ε)时,经圈环流在Rossby波和Kelvin波区的大部分地区,都是正的Hadley环流,而原来在Kelvin波区的反Hadley环流,将东移到离热源中心相当远的地区(例如超过10个赤道Rossby变形半径)。在后面这种情况下,一个大尺度的正的Hadley环流,将把大气从海洋中得到的热量或能量大量地输送到副热带或中纬度地区,使那里的大气环流发生异常性的变化。后面这一理论结果与统计事实相当符合,可以看成是对Bjerknes提出的遥相关现象的一个理论支持。 相似文献
9.
本文是纬圈平均大气运动特征的振动文的推广,以同样的观点和方法,用简单的两层模式处理大气的斜压性,并考虑了简单的辐射过程,得出了500毫巴面纬圈平均温度和一些纬圈平均运动特征、以及纬圈平均经圈环流的中期振动。 本文的主要科学目的除了探寻以线性理论处理极端复杂和高度非线性的大气中期运动过程的可能性和限度外,还希望探寻用准涡旋运动等近似观点讨论某些大气环流基本问题的可能性。 相似文献
10.
低纬平均经圈环流异常与海表温度异常关系的诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR的40年大气再分析资料中的月平均经向风速及垂直速度，计算了纬向平均经圈环流的质量流函数，分析了纬向平均的海表温度和纬向平均的经圈环流的气候态及异常态特征，结果表明，（1）南、北半球Hadley环流圈的共同上升支偏于赤道附近的夏半球一侧，与[SST↑-]极大值位置相对应；强下沉支位于冬半球一侧；（2）El Nino事件中低纬[SST]′是异常经圈环流产生的重要外强迫源，但其影响程度受基本气流和[SST↑-]及[SST]′的季节变化和年际差异的影响甚大。 相似文献
11.
Abstract The medium‐scale wave regime, consisting largely of zonal wavenumbers 5–7, frequently dominates the summer Southern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation. We perform a diagnostic study of this circulation as simulated by the Canadian Climate Centre (CCC) general circulation model (GCM). The analysis of Hövmöller diagrams, space‐time and zonal wavenumber spectra shows that the CCC GCM is able to simulate the observed medium‐scale wave regime. The zonally averaged meridional eddy heat and momentum transports and the associated baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions are also examined. The distributions of the transports on the vertical plane agree well with the observations. After comparison with the observed December‐January‐February 1979 distributions, some quantitative differences remain: the heat transport is too weak aloft and too large near the surface, whereas the momentum transport tends to be too weak. The baroclinic and barotropic conversions show a maximum in the medium‐scale waves. The time evolution of the Richardson number of the mean flow suggests that the medium‐scale wave is due to a baroclinic instability. 相似文献
12.
Dr. Ch. A. Lin 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,37(2):72-81
Summary A nonlinear, forced, dissipative quasi-geostrophic, two-level -plane model of baroclinic instability is formulated. The model resolves a baroclinic zonal flow and a wave of arbitrary zonal scale. Multiple equilibrium solutions describing Hadley and eddy circulations coexist. Only the circulation with smaller thermal wind is stable. The most efficient eddy activity occurs at a zonal wavenumber close to the wavelength of maximum instability of linear baroclinic instability theory. For a wide range of forcing and dissipative parameters, the steady baroclinic zonal wind of the eddy regime is close to the critical shear of linear theory. Eddy statistics are obtained analytically in terms of the doparture of the zonally symmetric state from radiative equilibrium. A parameterization for the eddy heat transport is obtained.With 14 Figures 相似文献
13.
The KdV equation with topography included in an N-level model is derived. It is shown that if the topography ex-ists. the KdV equation may describe the solitary Rossby waves in the case of basic current without vertical shear, and itis no necessary to introduce the MKdV equation. The results of calculations show that the change of horizontal shearpattern of basic flow may cause an important change of the streamline pattern of the solitary waves with the oddmeridional wavenumber m, and has no effect for the even meridional wavenumber m. The vertical shear increases thesteepness of the barotropic solitary modes, and it has a complicated effect on the baroclinic modes. The influences oftopographic slope on the solitary waves are very great. The southern and northern slopes of topography may cause dif-ferent solitary wave patterns, with the effect of northern slope greater. The effect of Froude number on the solitarywaves is generally to steepen the solitary waves, however, the effect also depends on the meridional wavenumber m andthe modes of solitary wave. 相似文献
14.
Properties and Stability of a Meso-Scale Line-Form Disturbance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
By using the 3D dynamic equations for small- and meso-scale disturbances, an investigation is performed on the heterotropic instability (including symmetric instability and traversal-type instability) of a zonal line-like disturbance moving at any angle with respect to basic flow, arriving at the following results: (1) with linear shear available, the heterotropic instability of the disturbance will occur only when flow shearing happens in the direction of the line-like disturbance movement or in the direction perpendicular to the disturbance movement, with the heterotropic instability showing the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave; (2) in the presence of second-order non-linear shear, the disturbance of the heterotropic instability includes internal inertial gravity and vortex Rossby waves. For the zonal line-form disturbance under study, the vortex Rossby wave has its source in the second-order shear of meridional basic wind speed in the flow and propagates unidirectionally with respect to the meridional basic flow. As a mesoscale heterotropic instable disturbance, the vortex Rossby wave has its origin from the second shear of the flow in the direction perpendicular to the line-form disturbance and is independent of the condition in the direction parallel to the flow; (3) for general zonal line-like disturbances, if the second-order shear happens in the meridional wind speed, i.e., the second shear of the flow in the direction perpendicular to the line-form disturbance, then the heterotropic instability of the disturbance is likely to be the instability of a mixed Rossby–internal inertial gravity wave; (4) the symmetric instability is actually the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave. The second-order shear in the flow represents an instable factor for a symmetric-type disturbance; (5) the instability of a traversal-type disturbance is the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave when the basic flow is constant or only linearly sheared. With a second or nonlinear vertical shear of the basic flow taken into account, the instability of a traversal-type disturbance may be the instability of a mixed vortex Rossby – gravity wave. 相似文献
15.
Charles A. Lin 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1985,9(1):1-16
Baroclinic instability of a zonal flow with latitudinal structure is examined using a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic, two-level β-plane model. An initially small perturbation with the structure of the linearly most unstable mode is allowed to grow to finite amplitude through nonlinear interaction. Because of latitudinal asymmetries of the basic zonal flow, a spectrum of meridional modes is generated in the perturbation. The time evolution of zonal wind and perturbation meridional structures, and their Fourier meridional mode spectra are examined. The radius of deformation is an important meridional scale in both the zonal flow and perturbation. This is especially true during the barotropic decay phase of the baroclinic wave. Time series of energy conversion terms show there is no energy accumulation. 相似文献
16.
1 INTRODUCTION The typhoon is a destructive weather phenomenon that stands at the top of ten major natural disasters[1]. Typhoon-related damages are the immediate consequences of weather it brings forth, which include heavy rain, strong winds and storm surges (water gain). They cause flash floods, bring down houses and break through dams[1]. Of the research on typhoons for the recent 10 years[2], new advances have been reported on abrupt changes in the motion, structure and intensity of… 相似文献
17.
Several numerical experiments are conducted to examine the influence of mesoscale, bottom topography roughness on the inertial circulation of a wind-driven, mid-latitude ocean gyre. The ocean model is based on the quasi-geostrophic formulation, and is eddy-resolving as it features high vertical and horizontal resolutions (six layers and a 10 km grid). An antisymmetrical double-gyre wind stress curl forces the baroclinic modes and generates a strong surface jet. In the case of a flat bottom, inertia and inverse energy cascade force the barotropic mode, and the resulting circulation features strong, barotropic, inertial gyres. The sea-floor roughness inhibits the inertial circulation in the deep layers; the barotropic component of the flow is then forced by eddy-topography interactions, and its energy concentrates at the scales of the topography. As a result, the baroclinicity of the flow is intesified: the barotropic mode is reduced with regard to the baroclinic modes, and the bottom flow (constrained by the mesoscale sea-floor roughness) is decoupled from the surface flow (forced by the gyre-scale wind). Rectified, mesoscale bottom circulation induces an interfacial form stress at the thermocline, which enhances horizontal shear instability and opposes the eastward penetration of the jet. The mean jet is consequently shortened, but the instantaneous jet remains very turbulent, with meanders of large meridional extent. The sea-floor roughness modifies the energy pathways, and the eddies have an even more important role in the establishment of the mean circulation: below the thermocline, rectification processes are dominant, and eddies transfer energy toward permanent mesoscale circulations strongly correlated with topography, whereas above the thermocline mean flow and eddy generation are influenced by the mean bottom circulation through interfacial stress. The topography modifies the vorticity of the barotropic and highest baroclinic modes. Vorticity accumulates at the small topographic scales, and the vorticity content of the highest modes, which is very weak in the flat-bottom case, increases significantly. Few changes occur in surface-intensified modes. In the deep layers of the model, the inverse correlation between relative vorticity and topography at small scales ensures the homogenization of the potential vorticity, which mainly retains the largest scales of the bottom flow and the scale of β. 相似文献
18.
Yong. L. McHall 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(2):213-230
There are some basic problems in previous theoretical studies of baroclinic instability.The derived criticalbaroclinity was considerably lower than the time averaged mean meridional temperature gradient,especially in the lowertroposphere.Also,the linear mechanism of baroclinic disturbance development which is noted restricted by the criticalbaroclinity was not studied sufficiently.The realistic critical baroclinity and disturbance development are discussed inthis study.It will be shown that the critical condition of instability and typical time and space scales of disturbances de-pend on three-dimensional structures of atmosphere and sphericity of the earth,other than the horizontal temperaturegradient alone.The variant behaviour of atmospheric disturbances depends highly on their specific scales that may bedescribed by the same theoretical model.Thus,there would be no substantial differences in the basic instability mecha-nism of many disturbances including the polar lows and explosive cyclones. 相似文献
19.
从含非绝热项的准地转运动方程组出发，分析了青藏高原大尺度热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的一些性质，从理论上证明当背景西风气流为正压时，冬季高原冷却作用有利于Rossby波的经向传播，夏季高原大尺度热力作用不利于波动的经向传播。非绝热Rossby波的频率方程说明冬季高原的热力作用是中纬季节内振荡的重要激发机制。同时，在背景西风气流为纯斜压条件下，求解了高原热力作用下非绝热Rossby波的频率，并由频率方程说明冬季高原热力作用有利于波动向不稳定方向发展，而夏季高原的大尺度热力作用对波动稳定性的影响存在临界值。 相似文献