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应用国家基本观测站资料,基于MET系统的客观统计检验方法,针对24h降水分别评估SWCWARMS模式、GRAPES模式和ECMWF模式对2017～2019年5～10月四川地区汛期预报能力,得到如下几点结论:(1)SWCWARMS模式小到大暴雨降水范围大于实况,GRAPES模式小到暴雨降水范围大于实况、大暴雨多漏报,ECMWF模式小雨和中雨降水范围大于实况、大到大暴雨多漏报,三个模式无降水或微量降水均少于实况。(2)ECMWF模式对四川雨季小到大雨预报能力优于SWCWARMS和GRAPES模式,SWCWARMS模式在部分时次上暴雨和大暴雨预报优于ECMWF模式,GRAPES模式TS评分略偏低。(3)GRAPES模式在2018年秋季开始中雨及以上量级降水预报上改善大于SWCWARMS和ECMWF模式,SWCWARMS模式2019年空报较2017年和2018年显著降低;3个模式在小雨和中雨预报上不相上下,GRAPES模式优势在2019年大雨和暴雨预报上,ECMWF模式优势在2017年秋季和2018年初夏大雨预报上,SWCWARMS模式大雨和暴雨预报能力介于二者之间。(4)ECMWF和SWCWARMS模式川东预报优于川西,GRAPES模式川西预报优于川东;三个模式存在不同程度空报,川东地区空报略多于川西,其中ECMWF模式空报最多。 相似文献
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利用安庆市逐日降水实况资料,针对2011—2016年ECMWF细网格降水预报产品对安庆地区的12 h、24 h分辨率晴雨和降水分级预报质量进行检验,基于检验结果对此降水预报产品进行解释应用。结果表明,ECMWF细网格数值降水预报在安庆地区晴雨预报正确率无明显区域差异,夏季晴雨预报正确率明显低于其他各季节,对夜间的预报能力明显优于白天。TS评分中,小雨最高,中雨次之,大雨及以上量级较低且无明显规律。若将冬、春两季0.2 mm以下、夏季1.0 mm以下和秋季0.8 mm以下的降水预报进行消空处理,则晴雨预报正确率会有所提升,且小雨预报的TS评分达最佳;若将≥40 mm的降水预报修正为暴雨,则暴雨预报TS评分提高接近1倍,且大雨和暴雨的预报偏差更接近1。 相似文献
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利用ECMWF集合预报降水资料和重庆市自动站降水资料,运用晴雨、TS评分、预报偏差等检验方法对重庆地区2014—2016年ECMWF集合预报降水产品在短期时效的预报性能进行检验分析。结果表明:最小值的晴雨预报准确率最高。对于TS评分检验,小雨量级可优先参考最小值、10%分位数和融合产品,中雨量级参考平均数和概率匹配平均,大雨和暴雨量级分别参考75%分位数和90%分位数。对于预报偏差检验,小雨量级可优先参考最小值、Mode,中雨量级参考融合产品、中位数,大雨量级参考控制预报、融合产品,暴雨量级参考90%分位数。对于百分位值预报产品和概率预报产品,小雨量级可参考5%～10%分位数和80%～90%概率预报产品,中雨量级可参考45%～55%分位数和40%概率预报产品,大雨量级可参考70%～80%分位数和20%概率预报产品,暴雨量级可参考90%～95%分位数和10%概率预报产品。 相似文献
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使用2014年5~12月西南四省(区)一市每日08时统计的24h雨量观测资料,对SWCWARMS和GRAPES模式降水进行站点统计检验。主要结论为:针对每日08时起报,SWCWARMS模式除24h中雨和48h大暴雨外SWCWARMS模式ETS评分在其它时次及其它量级降水上均高于GRAPES模式,但SWCWARMS模式空报和系统偏差较多;针对每日20时起报,SWCWARMS模式ETS和TS评分均高于GRAPES模式;除小雨外SWCWARMS模式空报率略高于GRAPES模式。从2014年10次西南涡过程统计检验可见,两模式对强降水过程即主要影响贵州的三次过程评分高于四川和云南的西南涡降水过程,24h降水评分在多个时次多个量级上优于GRAPES模式。SWCWARMS模式在汛期表现优于GRAPES模式,SWCWARMS模式对小雨、中雨和大雨有较强的预报能力,但对强降水预报能力有待改进,对中雨及以上量级降水空报率较高,而对小雨漏报多于GRAPES模式。 相似文献
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基于西南区域数值预报模式（SWC-WARMS）2019年5~8月00时起报的24h累计降水预报资料和四川省气象站点降水观测资料,采用频率匹配法对6月1日~8月31日降水预报值进行了偏差订正。结果表明:模式预报的24h累计降水量总体为湿偏差;订正后降水量平均绝对误差减小;大雨和暴雨的偏差评分提高;小雨、中雨、大雨的TS评分提高,暴雨TS评分降低;各量级的空报率均有所降低,小雨和中雨漏报率减小,大雨和暴雨漏报率增大,尤其是暴雨漏报率显著增加;当模式对暴雨降水落区预报较好（差）时,频率匹配订正能提高（降低）TS评分。 相似文献
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利用江西省92个国家气象观测站雨量资料,对2014年汛期江西WRF-RUC系统的降水预报进行逐6 h、12 h和24 h晴雨检验、降水分级检验以及同期区域暴雨个例检验分析。结果表明:1)6 h、12 h、24 h晴雨检验PC评分分别达0.6、0.7、0.8,系统表现了稳定的预报性能。2)系统对小雨、中雨和大雨具有较好的预报能力,对局地暴雨、大暴雨的预报能力较弱,而对区域暴雨的预报具参考意义。3)系统有效地缩短了spin-up时间,系统在积分6 h后达到最佳预报性能,并在起报后6—12 h时段,预报效果最佳。4)系统对降水范围以及小雨、中雨、大雨过度预报,对暴雨、大暴雨范围预报比较合理。 相似文献
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WRF-RUC在2014年江西汛期降水预报中的检验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用江西省92个国家气象观测站雨量资料,对2014年汛期江西WRF-RUC系统的降水预报进行逐6 h、12 h和24 h晴雨检验、降水分级检验以及同期区域暴雨个例检验分析。结果表明:1)6 h、12 h、24 h晴雨检验PC评分分别达0.6、0.7、0.8,系统表现了稳定的预报性能。2)系统对小雨、中雨和大雨具有较好的预报能力,对局地暴雨、大暴雨的预报能力较弱,而对区域暴雨的预报具参考意义。3)系统有效地缩短了spin-up时间,系统在积分6 h后达到最佳预报性能,并在起报后6—12 h时段,预报效果最佳。4)系统对降水范围以及小雨、中雨、大雨过度预报,对暴雨、大暴雨范围预报比较合理。 相似文献
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基于2019年6-10月中央气象台智能网格预报模式（NWGD）降水产品和CMPAS-V2.1融合降水分析实时数据产品,采用平均绝对误差、晴雨预报正确率、TS评分等方法评估该预报产品对大渡河上游面雨量的预报效果。评估结果表明：NWGD预报产品在大渡河上游面雨量的预报效果整体较好,平均绝对误差范围控制在5.6 mm以内,晴雨预报可信度较高。小雨的预报效果好于中雨,小雨的TS评分大于中雨,空报率和漏报率均低于中雨。将小雨和中雨分别做消空处理,小雨各预报时效消空处理后晴雨预报正确率提升不明显,而中雨预报效果有明显提升。 相似文献
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该文应用TS评分、预报偏差（BIAS）等方法,对ECMWF模式预报的2015年12月—2018年12月岳阳市降水场资料,开展晴雨和分级降水检验。晴雨预报检验结果表明：ECMWF模式对岳阳市晴雨预报性能总体较稳定,年际变化幅度较小;晴雨预报准确率季节差异大,冬季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低;从逐月晴雨预报检验来看,12月份最高,8月最低;晴雨预报还存在明显的日变化规律,对夜间的预报能力明显优于白天;空间上总体呈北高南低的空间分布特征。分级降水预报检验结果表明：小雨量级降水预报评分明显高于其他量级降水,中雨次之,大雨及以上量级评分较低且无明显规律;小、中、大雨3个量级任一时效的空报率整体上比漏报率大,小雨量级表现得尤为明显,说明小雨量级的空报更为严重。针对小雨降水预报空报率高的现象,该文对岳阳市ECMWF模式预报降水量1.2 mm以下消空处理后进行了预报释用,结果表明：冬季订正空间较小,夏季各时效可适度订正;春季和秋季可视情况适度订正,订正后可以有效提升预报技巧,但增加了一定漏报风险。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献