共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
利用山东省1971—1999年逐日降水资料,采用百分位法确定各站极端强降水阈值。据此阈值,在2000—2009年中挑选了39个极端强降水天气过程并进行天气分型,得到高空槽类、副高外围类、切变线类、气旋类、热带气旋类5类极端强降水概念模型。研究表明:切变线类、气旋类和热带气旋类暴雨区范围较大,而高空槽类和副高外围类暴雨区范围较零散;5类极端强降水均伴有低空急流,暴雨区一般位于700 hPa与850 hPa切变线(或槽线)之间、低空急流左侧风向风速辐合处;高空槽类、副高外围类、切变线类一型和气旋类均有冷空气影响,暴雨区位于850 hPa冷温度槽前部;5类极端强降水的产生机制不同,落区与θse的配置也不尽相同。 相似文献
2.
《贵州气象》2017,(6)
利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2014年9月16—18日发生在贵州中西部地区的一次台风暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析,并利用中尺度模式WRF对该次过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:此次暴雨天气过程具有降水强度大、持续时间长的特点。强降水时段主要有两个时段,且两个时段降水时空特征存在区别及其主要影响的天气系统也不一致。第1时段主要受1415号台风"海鸥"外围云系影响,降水强度较大且持续时间长;第2时段为700 hPa低涡切变系统配合冷空气侵入台风尾流云系,强降水持续时间比第1时段短但强降水范围更为集中,且最大小时雨强比第1时段强。台风云系带来的深厚湿层与暖湿气流沿地形抬升的动力作用,使得贵州累积的不稳定能量得到释放,加上后期700 hPa低涡切变带来的冷空气补充影响,导致此次贵州中西部地区连续强降水天气过程的形成。WRF模式较好地模拟出了台风的演变特征,并揭示了此次暴雨过程形成的重要机理,但WRF模式不能够较好地分离第1时段和第2时段的降水分布特征。总体来说,模式对于700 hPa切变系统降水的模拟略优于台风系统降水的模拟。 相似文献
3.
2005年初夏云南严重干旱的诊断分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用MM5V3.6模式对2005年4月25日一次典型的西南涡影响下的广西强降水过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果表明,在500hPa低槽、700hPa西南涡东南移的过程中,在西南涡的南端,由于对流层高层高值干位涡下传引起低层气旋性涡度增加,低涡向南伸出一低槽,使西南涡发展成“北涡南槽”形式,广西强降水出现在西南涡的南伸低槽附近。西南涡的南伸低槽附近垂直剖面上为等θe线陡立密集区,700hPa上MPV1<0,MPV2>0,低层有强烈辐合,高层有强烈辐散,从低层到高层都有上升运动。螺旋度对强降水的落区以及造成强降水的中尺度系统的发展有较好的指示性,它反映了大气的动力场特征,运用螺旋度作强降水预报还要结合水汽和不稳定条件。 相似文献
4.
利用NCEP1°×1°的再分析资料对2014年3月29日发生在浙北地区的一次飑线天气过程进行诊断分析,并用中尺度数值模式WRF3.2.1对该过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,高空槽、低层冷涡和地面气旋为这次飑线天气的主要影响系统;K指数和θse等值线反映了浙北地区大气层结的不稳定性。此外,WRF模式基本上能模拟出本次飑线过程的中β尺度结构特征。数值模拟结果显示,低层正涡度,高层负涡度的配置有利于强对流的产生和发展;850hPa的流场特征能够很好地分析出飑线系统经历发生、发展到消亡的演变过程。 相似文献
5.
利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料和WRF中尺度数值模式对2006年7月2-3日豫北区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并用模拟结果对该过程作中尺度分析.结果表明:暴雨中尺度系统发展和维持期间,基本上是强涡度区对应强辐合区,使得垂直对流运动发生发展,为强降水发生和持续提供了动力条件;θse值大小和实况降水强弱演变对应关系很好,θse值越大,实况降水越强,反之,实况降水越弱;豫北地区出现强降水时,水汽通量中心位于豫南且分布在西南急流轴上,豫中南部始终维持一条明显的水汽输送带,水汽被源源不断地输送到豫北地区;豫北地区处于明显的水汽辐合区,强辐合区有一自西向东的移动过程,与实况强降水过程演变趋势一致;大暴雨区域上空从低层到对流层顶层垂直螺旋度均为正值,且强降水时段与螺旋度最强时段对应关系很好,降水峰值与正螺旋度中心出现时间吻合. 相似文献
6.
低纬高原地区南支槽强降水中尺度MCS系统的模拟与分析 总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6
选取2002年5月11～13日云南地区的一次南支槽强降水过程，利用MM5非静力中尺度数值模式对这次降水过程进行了数值模拟，利用模式高分辨率的输出结果分析了这次强降水中尺度对流系统的结构特征。分析结果表明：强对流系统的低层环境风场为西南和东南气流辐合，高层则为一致的槽前西南气流。低层强正涡度暖湿气流辐合上升区紧邻辐合线的西南侧，槽前西南暖湿气流在辐合线附近冷空气的作用下辐合上升，形成强降水，强降水落区位于低层700hPa强正涡度暖湿气流辐合上升区的西南侧。对物理量要素的时间演变分析表明：在对流发展初期，沿辐合线的正负涡度、辐合辐散、上升与下沉运动在垂直方向和水平方向上相间分布，呈多个模态；当对流发展较强时演变为单一模态分布，即辐合线附近低层为正涡度辐合气流上升区，而高层为负涡度辐散气流下沉区。其中低层辐合较为浅薄，位于地面到600hPa高度，而正涡度和垂直速度较为深厚，可以从地面向上分别伸展到400hPa和200hPa高度。研究还揭示了低纬高原地区中尺度对流辐合系统的垂直轴线随高度向辐合区东北侧（高纬度地区）倾斜的特征，这是低纬高原地区南支槽强降水中尺度对流系统与其它切变线、准静止锋和低涡等中尺度对流系统不同的最主要特征之一。 相似文献
7.
甘肃东南部一次暴雨天气的数值模拟和螺旋度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP每6h一次的1°×1°格点资料和中尺度模式WRF(V3.1),对2005年7月1～2日发生在甘肃东南部的一次暴雨天气进行了诊断分析和数值模拟,运用模式输出资料对本次天气过程的螺旋度与降水的关系进行了分析讨论。结果表明:高原短波槽的生成,以及来自南海和孟加拉湾的水汽输送是造成此次暴雨天气过程的主要原因;WRF模式对西北暴雨具有一定的模拟能力;螺旋度的空间分布对西北地区东部暴雨的预报具有一定的指示意义;700hPa正值螺旋度的分布形状与高原短波槽和700hPa切变线的形状存在对应关系;而400hPa以下大值正螺旋度的产生可能是西北暴雨发生发展的重要原因之一。 相似文献
8.
《高原气象》2016,(6)
利用WRF模式、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料对2013年6月29日至7月2日四川盆地的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟和诊断分析。结果表明,此次暴雨过程是由高原低涡和西南低涡共同作用引起,西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)西伸稳定在四川盆地,形成阻塞作用,导致高原低涡和西南低涡停滞不前。WRF模式能较好地模拟出降水的影响系统、降水落区以及强度。θe分析表明暴雨区位于高温高湿区内,暴雨区低层为对流不稳定区,中高层θe线密集且等θe面陡立,随着降雨的发生,对流不稳定能量释放,θe有所减弱。运用对流涡度矢量(CVV)和湿涡度矢量(MVV)对暴雨过程进行诊断分析后得出:CVV和MVV垂直分量的垂直积分及水平分布的正值带走向与暴雨落区相一致,且其大值中心与降水中心也有较好的对应。CVV和MVV垂直分量大值区的分布和发展与暴雨区的移动和发展较为一致,暴雨区从低层到高层一致的正值分布对暴雨发展具有指示意义。CVV和MVV垂直分量可以很好地指示四川盆地暴雨系统的发展和演变。 相似文献
9.
利用WRF模式及WRFDA同化系统,循环同化风云三号微波湿度计资料（MWHS-2）,对2019年6月4日四川西南涡暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟试验。结果表明:WRF模式成功预报出本次暴雨天气过程,同化MWHS-2观测资料对模式初始场盆地中东部的相对湿度有明显调整,较控制试验对盆地降水的模拟结果更接近于实况,不仅改善了700hPa低涡模拟路径与实况路径的差距,也改善了模拟结果中850hPa西南涡在盆地东部打转的虚假活动路线。整个过程中水汽辐合区与强降水区有很好的对应关系,强降水主要出现在700hPa低涡东南侧偏南气流气旋性曲率最大值区与850hPa低涡切变南侧的重叠位置。 相似文献
10.
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献