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1.
Seasonal variations of hydrological conditions in the area adjoining the southeastern coast of Sakhalin Island are described based on the analysis of monthly mean temperature and salinity obtained over standard oceanic sections Makarov-Cape Georgii and Cape Svobodny-the sea and from nine oceanic surveys. The Poronai River runoff that promotes the formation of a warm surface layer with low salinity largely influences the water area of Terpeniya Bay in the northern part of the area studied. In spring, these waters primarily spread southward along the coast; in summer, they flow southeastward, forming a weak vortex structure at 144° E. In the fall, major changes occur below 20 m, where waters of the cold intermediate layer are replaced by warmer waters (4–6°C) of low salinity connected with the Amur River runoff. The destruction of the CIL core near the shelf edge at depths of about 100 m resulting from the fall intensification of the East Sakhalin Current is pronounced in the southern, abyssal part of the region. The coastal area is covered by waters with salinity below 32‰ connected with the Amur River runoff. The volume of low-salinity waters coming through the Cape Svobodny-the sea section into the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is estimated at 3000 km3 taking into account instrumental measurements of flow rates. 相似文献
2.
The seasonal variability of oceanographic conditions in the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk is described based on long-term mean temperature T and salinity S from observations along a standard oceanographic section Cape Aniva-Cape Dokuchaev (May–November). It is shown that the Soya Current is relatively weak in spring, with low temperature and salinity gradients along the section. The Sea of Okhotsk low-salinity water mass is observed in the upper layer. It was formed as a result of melting of a large amount of ice brought here with the East Sakhalin Current from the northwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. A cold intermediate layer (CIL) at depths of 50–150 m extends along the entire section. The cold intermediate layer core with a temperature at the edge of the Sakhalin shelf of about ?1.3°C is retained during a period of maximum warming in August; however, in October–November the intensified flow of the East Sakhalin Current (up to 50 cm/s) results in a situation when relatively warm low-salinity waters, connected with the Amur River runoff, dissipate CIL. The results of 12 surveys conducted by the Sakhalin Research Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography in 1998–2004 show significant deviations of T and S [10] in different years from the calculated values. Generally, maximum anomalies (ΔT > 4°C and ΔS > 0.55‰) are observed in the surface layer. Their values and statistical significance decrease with depth. However, the situation is opposite in some cases. The maximum deviation from normal was observed in June 1999, when warm and salt waters were located much further seaward from the Kunashir shelf, which is most likely connected with the Soya Current meandering. 相似文献
3.
V. A. Sosnin P. Ya. Tishchenko A. N. Salyuk N. Biebow 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(2):106-111
The field data show that the ventilation of waters in the Sea of Okhotsk occurs the year round as a cyclic process and consists of several phases. During the initial phase, the shelf waters enter the offshore subsurface layers. Later, they appear at intermediate depths and spread southward as cold intrusions mixing with surrounding waters on their way. During the last phase of the cycle, the shelf waters do not penetrate the deep-sea layers, and in the vertical structure of temperature field near the northeast coast of Sakhalin, a local phenomenon of “warm” dichothermal layer is observed. 相似文献
4.
Data of long-term observations at three standard oceanographic sections are analyzed. A complex pattern of seasonal variability of oceanographic conditions off the southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island is studied. It is shown that the cold West Sakhalin Current directed to the south is observed from May to October; the low-salinity cold flow of the Sea of Okhotsk water oriented to the north is recorded from November to March. The northern boundary of penetration of the Sea of Okhotsk water is identified. 相似文献
5.
The data of instrumental observations of water temperature at autonomous bottom stations in the coastal zone of Sakhalin Island (the depth is 3-17 m) mainly along the southeastern coast are analyzed. The cases of sharp (by 15°C per day) temperature drop are detected. They are caused by the strengthening of southern and southwestern winds typtcal of summer and betng the offshore winds which favor the lift of cold water to the surface. This phenomenon is observed every year but its intensity varies depending on the frequency of offshore winds. Along the southwestern coast of Sakhalin, where the offshore effect is induced by northern, northeastern, and eastern winds characterized by the low frequency of occurrence, water temperature drops are rarer and shorter (3-5 days) but rather sharp. The occurrence of cold water (its temperature is sometimes negative) in the shallow coastal zone may lead to the mass mortality of juvenile salmon after its downstream migration in spawning rivers, may impede the approaches of humpback salmon and negatively affect its catch. 相似文献
6.
Nicolas Kolodziejczyk Frédéric Marin Bernard Bourlès Yves Gouriou Henrick Berger 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(11):3025-3046
The termination of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in the eastern equatorial Atlantic during boreal summer and fall, and the fate of the associated saline water masses, are analyzed from in situ hydrological and currents data collected during 19 hydrographic cruises between 2000 and 2007, complemented by observations from Argo profiling floats and PIRATA moorings, and from a numerical simulation of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean for the period 1993–2007. An intense variability of the circulation and hydrological properties is evidenced from observations in the upper thermocline (24.5–26.2 isopycnal layer) between June and November. During early boreal summer, saline water masses are transported eastward in the upper thermocline to the African coast within the EUC, and recirculate westward on both sides of the EUC. In mid-boreal summer, the EUC weakens in the upper thermocline and the equatorial salinity maximum disappears due to intense mixing with the surface waters during the upwelling season. The extra-equatorial salinity maxima are also partially eroded during the boreal summer, with a slight poleward migration of the southern hemisphere maximum until late boreal summer. The upper EUC reappears in September, feeding again the eastern equatorial Atlantic with saline waters until boreal spring. During December–January, numerical results suggest a second seasonal weakening of the EUC in the Gulf of Guinea, with a partial erosion of the associated equatorial salinity maximum. 相似文献
7.
在51年(1958-2008)西北太平洋区域海洋再分析CORA1.0产品的基础上,改进了模式配置和同化方法,研制了2009-18年的CORA产品并对其进行以下检验:(1)温盐和海表高度异常均方根误差分布检验;(2)35°N处温度断面分布检验;(3)再分析流场和表漂浮标轨迹对比检验.结果显示,2009-18年的CORA产品可以再现海洋要素长时间序列,时空多尺度的变化特征,为研究特征海洋现象和过程提供背景信息. 相似文献
8.
I. A. Zhabin A. A. Abrosimova V. A. Dubina D. A. Nekrasov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(4):295-300
Hydrographic and satellite observation data obtained in June 2007 enabled to study the influence of the Amur River runoff on the hydrological conditions of the Amur Liman and the Sea of Okhotsk during the spring-summer flood. Salt waters from the Sea of Japan and fresh Amur River waters mix in the estuary (the Amur Liman). Freshened waters flow from the estuary into the Sea of Okhotsk as a jet-like flow drift, which forms a recirculating anticyclonic gyre in the Sakhalin Bay. The coastal current associated with the Amur River flow was obserwed near Sakhalin Island coast. The computed values of dynamic parameters (Kelvin number K=2, Froude number F = 0.4) showed that the Earth rotation and stratification are important factors in the dynamical balance of the Amur River plume during the spring-summer flood event. 相似文献
9.
Hydrological flow front whose location and structure depend on the value of the Lena River water flow forms in winter under the ice in the Buor-Khaya Bay. The flow front is characterized by the baroclinic and thermocline components. Under the lens of desalinated waters, the layers of increased temperature and salinity alternate with the layers of decreased salinity and temperature. On the periphery of the front, the thermocline stratification results in the formation of the cold isopycnic intrusion at intermediate levels. The cross section of the cold intrusion in the bay amounted to ??50?C85 km and its thickness, from 3?C5 to 15 m. The waters of cold intrusions are rich with oxygen and favor the ventilation of the bay waters. The winter flow increase results in the significant widening of the river impact zone, warming of the coastal zone waters, and stratification intensification. 相似文献
10.
11.
应用常规气象观测、加密自动站、能见度观测等资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,对2014年辽宁地区一次罕见的长时间大范围强浓雾天气的成因进行诊断。结果表明：2014年11月20-22日辽宁地区大雾过程分为两个阶段,其中21日14-16时大雾爆发性发展后,特强浓雾持续12 h,此种情况在辽宁近20 a比较罕见。大雾第一阶段为辐射雾,雾前低层弱暖平流利于升温,大雾期间中层弱冷平流利于出现晴空辐射条件,夜间在辐射降温作用下,975 hPa高度以下形成逆温;气温下降、温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大;近地面微风利于降温,同时水汽不易流出,逆温作用使得水汽不易向高层扩散,近地面层水汽浓度增大,导致第一阶段大雾快速发展。大雾第二阶段为锋面雾,大雾快速发展期间无逆温、有弱冷锋过境,锋面附近辐合导致水汽上升冷却凝结,同时锋面附近低云降下雨滴在干冷空气中蒸发,利于近地面附近水汽饱和、冷凝,是大雾快速发展的原因。 相似文献
12.
D. V. Alekseev V. A. Ivanov E. V. Ivancha V. V. Fomin L. V. Cherkesov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(4):248-255
An effectiveness of the storm wave attenuation by protective piers in the Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea is studied on the basis of numerical simulation using the SWAN spectral model. Analyzed are the parameters of waves generated by winds of four main directions as well as by the southern cyclone during the storm on November 11, 2007. It is obtained that waves from the northwest part of the Black Sea penetrate most intensively into the Sevastopol Bay in case of western wind and, to a lesser degree, in case of northern and southern winds. A protective effect of the piers is observed in the west part of the bay only and the wave attenuation near the southern coast is more significant than near the northern one. The area of the southern coast directly behind the southern pier is completely protected from the storm waves and, as moving away from the pier, the danger of intensive wave effect on the coast is kept. 相似文献
13.
近53年中国寒潮的变化特征及其可能原因 总被引：76，自引：18，他引：76
利用1951～2004年中国740站逐日温度资料, 对中国寒潮频次的气候特征及其变化进行了分析, 并在此基础上对中国寒潮频次减少的可能原因进行了讨论: 冬季西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风强度与中国寒潮频次呈显著的正相关.秋冬季节西伯利亚上空低层冷堆温度和中国寒潮频次呈显著的负相关.在气候变暖的大背景下, 西伯利亚高压和冬季风强度的减弱使得冬季中国地表温度持续升高, 而温度的这种变化与中国寒潮频次及其相伴随大风频次的减少均有密切的联系.西伯利亚高压和冬季风强度的减弱, 西伯利亚上空低层冷堆温度和中国地表温度的显著升高是中国寒潮及其相伴随大风频次减少的可能原因. 相似文献
14.
Coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models are known to have difficulties simulating the cold tongue in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Here a regional climate model coupled to an intermediate-level mixed layer ocean model with Ekman dynamics is developed and used to better understand the seasonal evolution of the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue and upwelling off western Africa. Parameterization improvements are made to an earlier version of the ocean model to account for the variations in temperature and shearing stress at the base of the mixed layer. 90-km resolution sensitivity tests demonstrate that the development of the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue in the boreal spring/summer is captured only if seasonal variations in the temperature at the base of the ocean mixed layer are included. The development of cold temperatures off the northwest African coast in the late boreal winter/spring is found to be primarily associated with the net radiation balance as shortwave warming of the mixed layer is relatively low while latent cooling is relatively high yielding a net cooling of mixed layer temperatures, consistent with other studies. The westward extension of the Atlantic cold tongue is primarily due to the horizontal advection of cool water from the South Atlantic African coast. This coastal cooling is associated with vertical diffusion and vertical entrainment, while the vertical entrainment has a secondary and more localized role over the equatorial Atlantic. 相似文献
15.
Diansky N. A. Stepanov D. V. Fomin V. V. Chumakov M. M. 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2020,45(1):29-38
Based on the numerical simulation of water circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk in 1986 to 2015, the impact of deep cyclones on the circulation off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin is studied. The circulation in the Sea of Okhotsk is simulated with the COSMO-Ru-INMOM-CICE model configuration, where the COSMO-Ru and INMOM resolve explicitly the mesoscale atmosphere and ocean dynamics and the CICE resolves the ice cover evolution. The extreme atmospheric events associated with the intensive cyclone activity over the Sea of Okhotsk during the cold season are classified. It is found that high velocity is typical of the cyclones coming to the sea from Sakhalin, and wind speed on the periphery is higher for the cyclones coming to the Sea of Okhotsk from the south and southwest. The analysis of water circulation response off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin demonstrates that the meridional current velocity on the shelf increased by several times from the sea surface to the bottom for all types of cyclones. On the edge of the shelf, southern currents intensified in the surface and bottom layers during the passage of cyclones and at the intermediate depths during the passage of fronts. On the continental slope, southern currents intensified in the surface, intermediate, and bottom layers depending on the type of extreme events.
相似文献16.
17.
J. Jaagus 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,83(1-4):77-88
Summary Trends in the time series of air temperature, precipitation, snow cover duration and onset of climatic seasons at ten stations
in Estonia during 1951–2000 are analysed. Using the conditional Mann-Kendall test, these trends are compared with trends in
the characteristics of large-scale atmospheric circulation: the NAO and AO indices, frequency of circulation forms according
to the Vangengeim-Girs’ classification, and the northern hemisphere teleconnection indices. The objective of the study is
to estimate the influence of trends in circulation on climate changes in Estonia. Statistically significant increasing trends
in air temperature are detected in January, February, March, April and May, in winter (DJF), spring (MAM) and in the cold
period (NDJFM). The trends in precipitation, as a rule, differ from station to station. Increasing trends are present during
the cold half-year – from October until March – and also in June. Snow cover duration has decreased in Estonia by 17–20 days
inland and by 21–36 days on the coast. The onsets of early spring and spring have shifted to an earlier date. Some important
changes have occurred in the parameters of atmospheric circulation during 1951–2000. Intensity of zonal circulation, i.e.
westerlies, has increased during the cold period, especially in February and March. Results of the conditional Mann-Kendall
test indicate that the intensification of westerlies in winter is significantly related to climate changes in winter and also
in spring. A negative trend in the East Atlantic Jet (EJ) index, i.e. the weakening of the westerlies in May has caused warming
during that month. Decrease in northerly circulation, i.e. in frequency of circulation form C and in East Atlantic/West Russia
teleconnection index (EW) is related to an increase in precipitation in October. 相似文献
18.
基于1971-2008年黄渤海北部沿海18个基本气象站风向、风速历史资料和NCEP再分析资料,利用统计学、小波分析和天气学分型方法分析了黄渤海北部辽宁沿海风场时空变化特征。结果表明：黄渤海北部沿海大风呈明显减少趋势,大风主要出现在春季,4月最多,11月份次之。风向主要以偏北风和偏南风为主,夏半年主要以南风为主,冬半年盛行偏北风。海上大风的天气学分型主要划分为冷锋后部型、高压后部型、台风型和气旋型,其中气旋型又包括江淮气旋型、华北气旋型、蒙古气旋型和东北低压型;冷锋后部型大风出现次数最多,气旋型次之,台风型最少。 相似文献
19.
P. Ya. Tishchenko V. B. Lobanov T. A. Gulenko A. P. Nedashkovskii O. S. Popov S. G. Sagalaev P. P. Tishchenko R. V. Chichkin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2012,37(11-12):775-782
During the hydrological survey from November 4 to 9, 2009, the underway measurements of pH, temperature, and salinity of the surface water in the Peter the Great Bay were carried out using the cell without the liquid junction in the running system. Using the measurement data, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was computed which was below its atmospheric value and varied from 290 to 360μatm. Thus, during the period under study, the surface water of the bay forms the runoff for the atmospheric carbon dioxide. The minimum values of pCO2 are associated with the warm stream entering the bay from the southwestern part of the open sea. The maximum values of pCO2 are associated with the local upwelling of bottom waters. It is suggested that the horizontal convection caused by the nonuniform cooling of coastal water in the autumn forms the revealed mesoscale dynamic structures. 相似文献
20.
利用多普勒天气雷达资料及反演风场和常规观测资料,对2014年11月2日发生在北黄海（山东半岛北部海上）一次罕见海龙卷风暴的中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明：冷空气、暖湿海面热力边界、山东半岛北部近海岸西北风与偏西风的辐合线是海龙卷风暴发生的天气背景。海龙卷风暴发生时雷达回波PPI最大分贝反射率因子为60 dBZ,高度为2.0 km,最高风暴顶为4.5 km,最大垂直累积液态水含量VIL为21 kg·m-2。利用雷达反演风场进行中尺度特征分析,结果表明：在海龙卷风暴发生发展过程中,低层风辐合对应4.0 km高度上是风辐散,海上有较强的偏南暖湿气流输送到雷暴区。中尺度动力特征：最大正涡度和散度辐合在1.0 km以下,低层正涡度和散度辐合、高层散度辐散是雷暴发生初期动力特征;低层没有正涡度和散度辐合、高层为正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴开始发展的动力特征;低层和高层为大的正涡度和散度辐合是雷暴成熟阶段的动力特征。高空冷空气叠加上低空强的偏南气流,造成局地涡度加大和低层辐合加强,使低层暖湿气流倾斜上升。海龙卷与辐合区的冷空气和暖湿气流有关。 相似文献