共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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半干旱区不同下垫面近地层湍流通量特征分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
本文分析了2003～2005年半干旱区退化草地和农田下垫面近地层湍流通量日、季、年的变化特征, 探讨了不同年份的气候背景和下垫面土地覆被对地气交换过程的影响。结果表明: 半干旱区退化草地和农田近地层湍流通量具有明显的日变化、季变化周期; 地气间通量交换年际间的差异主要受当年的气候背景影响, 尤其是降水的影响; 同时还受到下垫面覆被的影响。潜热通量和感热通量的能量分配比率呈反位相变化, 且农田和退化草地的变化趋势相似, 在夏季潜热通量所占比例均超过感热通量; 两种下垫面的波恩比月均值变化趋势十分相似, 量级接近, 夏季低, 春、秋季高; 夏季退化草地和农田下垫面波恩比均小于或等于1。 相似文献
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半干旱地区吉林通榆"干旱化和有序人类活动"长期观测实验 总被引：38，自引：10，他引：28
简单介绍了吉林通榆"干旱化和有序人类活动"长期观测实验,该实验站同时也是国际协同加强观测计划(CEOP)的地面观测站.分析了2002年10月～2003年3月(CEOP-EOP3)非生长季观测到的近地面层微气象及能量通量资料.结果表明,在非生长季,半干旱地区农田和退化草地下垫面近地面层能量收支基本一致;感热通量占主要地位,占净辐射通量的70%左右;潜热通量及地热流都很小,通常小于30 W m-2.土壤温度日变化主要集中在地表以下20 cm土壤层,20 cm以下土壤温度日变化很小,但存在明显的季节变化.在非生长季,土壤表层10 cm厚度内,草地下垫面土壤体积含水量比农田大;20 cm以下深度土壤体积含水量的日变化很小,同样存在季节变化. 相似文献
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半干旱地区地气界面水汽和二氧化碳通量的日变化及季节变化 总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19
采用涡动相关方法连续观测2002年10月到2003年12月半干旱地区地气界面水汽和二氧化碳通量变化,分析水汽和二氧化碳通量的季节和日变化规律,同时比较农田和退化草地两种不同下垫面物质和能量通量交换过程的差异,得到如下一些主要结果:(1)半干旱地区湿季,相距5 km的两种不同下垫面,即使在同一天气过程控制下,不同植被下垫面的降雨分布仍不尽相同,甚至相差很大.这表明降雨空间的分布是很不均匀的,具有很强的局地特征.(2)在干季近地面层能量收支中,两种不同下垫面上的有效能量(净辐射与地表热流量之差)主要分配为感热通量,潜热通量在非生长季(干季)通常很小.在湿季(生长季),潜热通量与感热通量相当,但农田下垫面的潜热通量大于退化草原下垫面.(3)土壤的温度和湿度日变化主要集中在0～20 cm土壤层内,在湿季农田下垫面土壤的湿度有明显的跳跃,这与降雨过程有很好的相关.(4)在非生长季,两种不同下垫面地气间二氧化碳通量差别不大,都很小.白天由于光合作用,在生长季农田下垫面吸收CO2通量较退化草原大,但比湿润地区稻田下垫面小一个量级,远小于森林生态系统. 相似文献
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青藏高原东坡高原草甸近地层气象要素与能量输送季节变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简要介绍了青藏高原东坡理塘大气综合观测站的情况。利用该站2007~2008年观测资料,分析比较了青藏高原东坡地区高原草甸下垫面情况下近地层气象要素及能量输送的季节变化特征。结果表明：理塘地区近地层气象要素及能量输送的季节变化显著,具有明显的水热同期特点。各个季节近地层气象要素和湍流通量,如风、气温、感热通量、潜热通量等,日变化显著。风速、动量通量、摩擦速度等要素的平均日最大值和最小值分别出现在下午和日出前。比湿的峰值出现在日出前。辐射和热平衡分量的日均最大值与最小值分别出现在正午及日出前。地表热源强度分析表明,理塘白天为热源,在春夏秋三季夜间为弱的热源与冷源交替出现。在雨季,潜热输送在陆气间热量交换过程中占主导作用,感热输送是次要的;干季的结果与雨季相反,感热是首要的。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2021,40(3):495-509
选取2014-2018年黑河流域中下游不同类型下垫面(荒漠、玉米田、湿地、胡杨、胡杨柽柳混合林)的站点观测数据,定量比较了不同下垫面地表能量收支的变化;探讨了不同气象要素以及灌溉作用对潜热输送的影响。结果表明:潜热的年变化与向下短波辐射以及气温的年变化保持一致;不同下垫面能量收支差异较大,玉米田下垫面月均潜热峰值可达200 W·m~(-2),荒漠下垫面只有100 W·m~(-2);荒漠下垫面潜热季节变化幅度较小,湿地、混合林和胡杨林的季节变化更为明显,变化幅度更大,其中湿地最大;玉米田下垫面潜热通量受灌溉的影响较大,灌溉导致土壤湿度突然增大,潜热通量也随之迅速增大;地表热通量在能量收支中占比较小,且随季节变化不大,在各个下垫面均是如此。 相似文献
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青藏高原东坡高原草甸近地层气象要素与能量输送季节变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简要介绍了青藏高原东坡理塘大气综合观测站的情况。利用该站20072008年观测资料, 分析比较了青藏高原东坡地区高原草甸下垫面情况下近地层气象要素及能量输送的季节变化特征。结果表明:理塘地区近地层气象要素及能量输送的季节变化显著, 具有明显的水热同期特点。各个季节近地层气象要素和湍流通量, 如风、气温、感热通量、潜热通量等, 日变化显著。风速、动量通量、摩擦速度等要素的平均日最大值和最小值分别出现在下午和日出前。比湿的峰值出现在日出前。辐射和热平衡分量的日均最大值与最小值分别出现在正午及日出前。地表热源强度分析表明, 理塘白天为热源, 在春夏秋三季夜间为弱的热源与冷源交替出现。在雨季, 潜热输送在陆气间热量交换过程中占主导作用, 感热输送是次要的;干季的结果与雨季相反, 感热是首要的。 相似文献
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干旱地区绿洲和沙漠辐射收支的季节变化 总被引：32，自引：14，他引：32
本文利用ＨＥＩＦＥ中绿洲（张掖）和沙漠两个测站１９９１年取得的观测资料，分析了两种不同下垫面太阳辐射能收支及其季节变化特征，结果表明：绿洲地区反射率明显小于沙漠区，季节变化明显；地面有效辐射绿洲小于沙漠，沙漠地区季节变化明显，绿洲则季节不明显；地表净辐射绿洲大于沙漠，不论冬，夏季该地区地面均为热源。 相似文献
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利用2006年5～6月和2007年5～6月中国科学院HEST大气科学实验在珠峰绒布寺河谷野外观测期间获得的观测资料,分析了珠峰地区河谷近地层风向、风速、温度、湿度和CO2的日变化特征,讨论了珠峰北坡冰川风和山谷风的特点以及高原地表辐射、地表反照率和近地层湍流通量的变化特征.结果表明:在复杂地形和特殊下垫面影响下,珠峰绒布河谷地区近地面层各个气象要素和湍流通量日变化特征显著,并且明显存在冰川风和山谷风复合的局地环流,冰川风对该地区地气间物质能量交换起着重要作用. 相似文献
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In the paper,the characters of surface energy budget on Huayin(Gobi)and the desert surface during the period from 26 June to 31 August 1990 in the HEIFE have been analyzed,then have been compared with the observed results during 4-19 September 1988 in the Pilot Observation Period of the HEIFE.The results show that the atmosphere is in superadiabatic unstable state and there is a phenomenon of inverse humidity to form negative water vapour flux.The sensible heat flux on the surface energy budget is in majority,but the latent heat flux may be neglected over the Gobi and desert surface in the cloudless daytime in the summer. 相似文献
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根据“向阳红14号”考察船在中美海-气考察第一次航程(1986年2月8—14日)所获取的水文气象和日射观测资料,以及特定区域内站点的海洋气象资料,探讨了热带西太平洋有限区域内下垫面和大气的冷、热源以及海气系统向周围大气的能量水平输送的源、汇问题。分析计算指出,在考察期间热带西太平洋地区是一个热量积贮区。 相似文献
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The measurements obtained during the ECLATS experiment were used in order to determine the surface energy budget of the Sahel region (Niamey, Niger). This expedition was carried out from November 15 to December 10, 1980, during the dry period. Some data were collected by an instrumented aircraft, from which the turbulent fluxes were obtained in the boundary layer around midday; data were also collected at a surface station in order to estimate the surface energy budget continuously by the profile method. The aircraft measurements show the homogeneity of the vertical fluxes over large areas, allowing generalization to the bushy steppe of the Sahel region. The mean diurnal cycle of the energy budget is characterized by high values of ground heat flux and weak values of latent heat flux (deduced from the balance of the energy budget). This cycle is compared with that of the Koorin expedition, performed in similar conditions (tropical savanna in the dry period). We compare the three midday budgets: during Koorin; during ECLATS, at the ground station, and with the aircraft. The important differences that appear in the net radiative flux are explained by the difference in surface albedo.Ecole des Sciences, Université de Niamey, B.P. 10662 Niamey, Niger. 相似文献
14.
表层积雪的能量收支特征对积雪物理特性变化和融雪等过程具有重要影响。本研究利用2010年融雪期在中国科学院天山积雪雪崩研究站内的雪层密度、含水率、雪层温度以及热通量等观测数据,分析在距雪表40 cm范围内雪层能量收支的时空变化特征。结果表明:表层积雪的能量交换主要发生在距雪表20 cm范围内,短波穿透辐射是表层积雪最重要的能量来源。热传导、短波穿透辐射和潜热均随时间逐渐增加。在过渡期和融雪前期,表层积雪的平均总能量为负,融雪主要发生在积雪表层。由于夜晚潜热影响使得融雪后期表层积雪总能量为正值。融雪能影响整个雪层。 相似文献
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Energy balance closure for the LITFASS-2003 experiment 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Thomas Foken Matthias Mauder Claudia Liebethal Florian Wimmer Frank Beyrich Jens-Peter Leps Siegfried Raasch Henk A. R. DeBruin Wouter M. L. Meijninger Jens Bange 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(1-2):149-160
In the first part, this paper synthesises the main results from a series of previous studies on the closure of the local energy balance at low-vegetation sites during the LITFASS-2003 experiment. A residual of up to 25% of the available energy has been found which cannot be fully explained either by the measurement uncertainty of the single components of the surface energy balance or by the length of the flux-averaging period. In the second part, secondary circulations due to heterogeneities in the surface characteristics (roughness, thermal and moisture properties) are discussed as a possible cause for the observed energy balance non-closure. This hypothesis seems to be supported from the fluxes derived from area-averaging measurement techniques (scintillometers, aircraft). 相似文献
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The Surface Energy Budget and Its Impact on the Freeze-thaw Processes of Active Layer in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Junjie MA Ren LI Hongchao LIU Zhongwei HUANG Tonghua WU Guojie HU Yao XIAO Lin ZHAO Yizhen DU Shuhua YANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(1):189-200
The surface energy budget is closely related to freeze-thaw processes and is also a key issue for land surface process research in permafrost regions.In this study,in situ data collected from 2005 to 2015 at the Tanggula site were used to analyze surface energy regimes,the interaction between surface energy budget and freeze-thaw processes.The results confirmed that surface energy flux in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau exhibited obvious seasonal variations.Annual average net radiation(Rn)for 2010 was 86.5 W m-2,with the largest being in July and smallest in November.Surface soil heat flux(G0)was positive during warm seasons but negative in cold seasons with annual average value of 2.7 W m-2.Variations in Rn and G0 were closely related to freeze-thaw processes.Sensible heat flux(H)was the main energy budget component during cold seasons,whereas latent heat flux(LE)dominated surface energy distribution in warm seasons.Freeze-thaw processes,snow cover,precipitation,and surface conditions were important influence factors for surface energy flux.Albedo was strongly dependent on soil moisture content and ground surface state,increasing significantly when land surface was covered with deep snow,and exhibited negative correlation with surface soil moisture content.Energy variation was significantly related to active layer thaw depth.Soil heat balance coefficient K was>1 during the investigation time period,indicating the permafrost in the Tanggula area tended to degrade. 相似文献
17.
Zhangwei Ding Zhiping Wen Renguang Wu Zhenchao Li Jianjun Zhu Weibiao Li Maoqiu Jian 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):349-363
The land surface energy exchange depends highly on the surface properties. Little is known of the energy balance over a typical banana plantation of humid tropics. In this study, we examine the characteristics of surface energy exchange over a typical banana field in South China during the period of May 2010 to April 2011 by using the eddy covariance and micrometeorological tower. The results showed that the diurnal and seasonal variations in surface latent heat flux were larger compared with those over the nearby grassland. The dominant energy partitioning varies with season. The latent heat flux was the main consumer of net radiation in summer, whereas the sensible heat flux was the main consumer in winter. The increasing cloud coverage and rain appear to control the surface energy balance with the development of the monsoon. Due to increased afternoon convective cloud systems in the monsoon active period, downward shortwave radiation was dramatically diminished around 14:00?pm. The annual mean Bowen ratio was 0.69, which fell within the range of other vegetated surfaces. The observed surface energy components were not closed, and the ratio of turbulent fluxes to the available energy was about 77 % in October–January and about 85 % in the other months after considering soil heat and air heat storage. 相似文献
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北京北郊冬季大风过程湍流通量演变特征的分析研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用中国科学院大气物理研究所325 m气象观测塔1993年12月～1994年1月大气边界层实验资料, 计算分析了大风过境过程中47 m和120 m高度湍流通量演变特征及其影响因子, 以及与风速、 稳定度等参数的关系。结果表明: 大风过程对近地面层的物质能量输送有着重要影响, 大风之前出现短时间动量上传和热量下传; 大风过程中的湍流通量数值明显高于过境后, 水平方向湍流通量数值和能量增加幅度大于垂直方向; 当风速大于临界值5 m/s时, 湍流通量与风速、 湍流动能的相关迅速增大; 湍流谱特征表现为湍流能量的低频部分增加、 湍流谱曲线变宽; 大风能强烈影响近地面层的能量收支。 相似文献
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分析了2000年7月21日～8月10日在内蒙古奈曼流动沙丘下垫面取得的近地面层湍流及辐射观测资料,讨论了无量纲湍流方差与稳定度参数z/L的关系,发现无量纲速度分量方差及无量纲温度、湿度脉动方差在不稳定层结下,均满足莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论;同时还讨论近地面层能量的收支.发现流动沙丘下垫面感热通量与地表热通量最大值分别为170 W m-2及100 W m-2;潜热通量通常小于50 W m-2;流动沙丘净辐射最大值为400 W m-2左右.(Hs+Hl),与(Rn-G)的比值在晴天白天平均值为0.78左右,流动沙丘下垫面近地面层能量不平衡现象存在,其原因有待进一步研究. 相似文献