共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
前期高度场和海温场变化对我国汛期降水的影响 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
利用1952～2001年我国160个测站汛期降水和前期500 hPa高度场和太平洋海温场资料以及三因子最佳子集回归求最大复相关系数的方法,把前期不同时间步长、不同时段的高度场和海温场同时作为预报因子与汛期降水求相关.结果发现:前期两个场共同作为预报因子比把其中某场单独作为预报因子的相关要好.并且存在着较好的"隔多季度相关"现象.预报因子具有实际预报意义的最佳时段为上一年的6～9月.影响我国汛期降水的最佳预报因子主要集中于高度场和海温场具有重要天气气候意义的关键区域.汛期降水可预报性在北方和长江以南均较好. 相似文献
2.
西北太平洋海温变化对贵州夏季降水的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用1952-2001年贵州15个测站夏季降水和前期太平洋海温场资料,及3因子最佳子集回归求最大复相关系数的方法,把前期不同时间步长、不同时段的海温场作为预报因子与夏季降水求相关。结果发现：用前期海温场作为预报因子对贵州夏季降水进行预报,其预报因子的最佳时间尺度为单月滑动,并且存在着较好的“隔多季度相关”现象。预报因子具有实际预报意义的最佳时段为上1年的8～11月。影响贵州夏季降水的最佳预报因子主要集中分布在海温场具有重要天气气候意义的关键区域。2002、2003、2004年的回报试验结果与实况进行对比分析发现,根据上述理论和预报思路得到的预测试验,具有一定效果,并且对指导贵州夏季降水预测具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
贵州冬季冻雨的大尺度环流特征及海温异常的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(5)
利用1981-2013年贵州冬季冻雨资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA海温资料等,分析了影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的大尺度环流系统,讨论了海温异常对冬季冻雨日数的可能影响。基于赤道中东太平洋海温异常建立冬季冻雨日数的预测模型,并检验了模型的预测能力。研究表明:贵州冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)年,大气环流异常呈现出西伯利亚高压偏强(弱)、东亚地区海陆气压差偏大(小)的强(弱)东亚冬季风环流特征,同期印缅槽偏强(弱)、东亚副热带急流偏强(弱)。贵州冬季冻雨日数多寡与ENSO事件存在密切联系,秋、冬季赤道中东太平洋冷(暖)海温发展有利于冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)。前期秋季赤道太平洋Ni?o区海温异常是显著影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的年际预报信号,对贵州冬季冻雨日数的多寡具有较好的预测指示意义。 相似文献
4.
贵州冻雨形成的环境场条件及其预报方法 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
在冬季风暴各种降水类型中,冻雨的预报是其中最有难度,也最具挑战的一种。贵州湖南冻雨是在对流层高、中、低层各纬度天气系统相互作用下形成的,其中最直接和主要的影响系统有:高层的副热带高空急流锋区、低层的云贵准静止锋以及中低层的西南低空急流。在这种复杂的天气背景下,为了准确地分析并预报出冻雨的发生区域,在仔细分析研究冻雨发生的大气背景和天气特点后,我们探索性地提出一套冻雨的诊断预测方法,即“动力因子”和“三步判别法”相结合的方法。同时,我们把该方法应用到中国冻雨最为频发的贵州地区,首先利用动力因子垂直积分的斜压涡度参数（qBsum）找到未来因斜压性较强而易发生弱降水的区域,再结合预报场的单站探空资料,进行三步判断方法,就能比较全面地判断冻雨发生的区域,对冻雨进行准确预报。 相似文献
5.
6.
分析了云南汛期6~8月雨量与前期1~5月北半球200、500、850hPa高度场和海温场(40°S～40°N,30°E～70°W)的相关关系,得到两个相关场中显著相关区的时空分布特征、尺度范围和相关场的波列结构。并进一步分析了与云南汛期雨量相关的环流系统的天气气候学意义,得到云南汛期雨量与前期高度场和海温场的遥相关关键区。分析结果表明:通过综合考虑高度场和海温场作为云南汛期雨量预报因子,使预报更具可靠的物理基础,并初步归纳出影响云南汛期雨量的物理概念模型。 相似文献
7.
近40年赤道太平洋和北太平洋月平均海温距平场分布存在着短期气候振动,分析表明,它对大气环流有一定的影响。在海温气候振动的前期位相时期,对流层平均高度有降低趋势,相反在海温气候振动的后期位相时期,对流层平均高度为增高趋势。这种相关关系高层比低层要好,低纬度较中高纬度稳定,夏季较冬季明显。 相似文献
8.
对近３５年（１９６１￣１９９５）春季西北降水量和同期与前期冬季的北半球５００ｈＰａ高度场进行奇异值分解（ＳＶＤ）,得到了同期和前期５００ｈＰａ高度场与西北区春季降水场的高相关区域,分析两场之间的耦合关系,寻找出有预报意义的环流特征和关键区。 相似文献
9.
华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅰ──500 hPa高度场和海温场特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
确定了近４５年华南冬季异常冷月出现的时间,分析了其同期至前期６个月５００ｈＰａ位势高度场和海温场的特征。各异常冷月当月５００ｈＰａ高度场有相似的特征,亚洲－太平洋地区高度场的特征是北高南低,经向环流发展,给出了前期５００ｈＰａ高度场差异显著月的距平特征。华南冬季各异常冷月至其前期６个月海温距平分布有持续性的特征,１月及其前期１～６个月赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ呈ＥｌＮｉｎｏ特征,２月和１２月呈Ｌａ Ｎｉｎ 相似文献
10.
对内蒙古夏季农区旱、涝前期500hPa位势高度场和北太平洋海温场进行了相关分析。得出了农区旱涝的诸关键区，发现影响农区旱涝趋势的500hPa位势高度场的关键区位置偏北，影响农区旱涝趋势的北太平洋海温分东、西两个海域，初夏西太平洋副高脊线位置的变化与赤道东太平洋海温的变化有密切的关系。 相似文献
11.
我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
12.
13.
准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
14.
Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
15.
由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
16.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
17.
The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
18.
Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
19.
20.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献