共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°每6 h再分析资料和多普勒雷达资料,用尺度分离和物理量诊断分析方法,对2005年8月7日发生在云南新平平掌的局地大暴雨进行综合分析,结果表明:低层700 hPa滇缅脊前哀牢山沿线切变线内生成的中尺度气旋,是产生局地强降水的主要天气系统;局地大暴雨发生在低层辐合、中高层辐散的弱对流环境中,低层局地强水汽辐合为此次大暴雨提供了水汽条件;局地大暴雨发生前垂直螺旋度低层为辐合上升,强降水发生在辐合上升运动减弱期;大暴雨发生在对流云团温度梯度迅速增大的位置,多普勒雷达回波强度和回波顶高均无强对流特征;局地大暴雨发生地有逆风区形成,不断南下补充的新对流单体,使得β中尺度回波长时间维持,是导致局地大暴雨发生的重要原因。 相似文献
2.
利用常规资料、地面加密资料、多普勒雷达资料和ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料等,对2011年7月25日发生在山东省乳山市一次超历史极值的特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：本次特大暴雨是由高空西风槽、低层切变线与副热带高压边缘的低空急流共同影响所致;由低层前期强盛的低空偏南暖湿气流输送使半岛上空低层高温高湿,形成上干冷下暖湿的对流性不稳定层结;近地面向岸风的侧向辐合产生气旋式切变线,是本次暴雨的启动机制,大暴雨的分布与地面辐合线的走向基本一致。此外,半岛上空超低空偏南急流的加强,使中尺度切变线北抬,进而受乳山倒喇叭口地形影响,发展成了中气旋,产生了强降水超级单体风暴。而强降水超级单体风暴造成的短时强降水,是本次暴雨致灾的重要原因。 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测资料和自动站、加密雨量站、多普勒雷达等资料,对2007年8月9日凌晨鄂西北郧西县马安乡一次局地大暴雨天气进行了分析,重点分析了此次过程的多普勒天气雷达观测资料。结果表明：降水回波由非强风暴对流单体向强风暴对流单体演变造成马安大暴雨;地形作用、回波合并效应使对流发生发展,回波少动使降水维持;中小尺度系统活动频繁,使对流加强,降水持续、升级;主要降水由一强风暴对流单体造成,并有中气旋出现,中气旋直接引发强暴雨;垂直积分液态水含量变化可为判断风暴发展和风暴降水提供有效信息;中气旋、逆风区等中小尺度结构特征对强风暴及暴雨预报有很好的指示作用;反射率因子、平均径向速度、综合切变等产品对强天气现象的识别以及在暴雨分析预报中具有实用意义。 相似文献
4.
利用Doppler雷达、地面自动站、Profile垂直风廓线及GPS水汽分布等多种新型探测资料, 对2006年7月9日夜间发生在北京西郊香山附近的局地大暴雨天气的影响系统和γ-中尺度强降雨落区形成的动力机理进行了精细分析。对雷达等本地多种探测资料的精细研究表明:地形辐合回波带是造成这次过程的主要影响系统。地形辐合回波带上中气旋回波块的滚动更迭是大暴雨落区形成的直接原因; 近地面辐合对大暴雨落区强降雨的发生具有重要作用。大暴雨落区形成阶段近地面3种辐合同时存在:平原东南风与山区偏北风风向切变辐合、平原东南风在山脉阻挡作用下的抬升辐合、大暴雨落区中心的γ-中尺度气旋性辐合。研究还表明:山前近地面地形辐合扰动, 向上传播, 引发边界层扰动的动力过程是香山大暴雨落区形成的主要动力源, 而来自东南方向近地面层的暖湿平流为大暴雨提供了有效的水汽和能量。 相似文献
5.
利用多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达资料,辅以高分辨率的地面自动气象站资料,对2012年7月25—26日天津地区的一次大暴雨(局部特大暴雨)过程进行扰动特征分析。结果表明:1)大暴雨过程的雷达回波表现为高质心结构,气旋式辐合与对流中上升气流及后侧下沉气流紧密相连,表现出较好的对流组织性,也预示强降雨将持续发展。逆风区的维持与伸展的高度可作为暴雨预报的先兆信号。2)地面辐合线与雷达回波上对流单体出现"列车效应"的区域有很好的一致性。地面形成的气旋性闭合环流和中小尺度环流辐合作用的稳定维持是产生大暴雨的重要因素。3)由风廓线资料可详细分析出暴雨过程中低空急流及边界层急流的扰动过程。在强降雨发生前,急流强度明显增强,与雷达回波上的"列车效应"是一致的,但比雷达更早出现。风廓线资料中低空急流和边界层急流的增强态势,对大暴雨短时临近预报具有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
6.
利用京津冀区域加密自动气象站、SA多普勒天气雷达、L波段风廓线雷达、NCEP 0.25° 再分析资料及0.03° 高分辨率地形资料研究了北京2018年7月15—16日暖区特大暴雨特征和形成机制。结果表明:（1）这次暖区特大暴雨发生在副热带高压边缘的暖气团（θse高能区）中,无明显冷空气强迫,斜压性弱,有丰沛的水汽,850 hPa以下出现强水汽辐合。（2）暴雨的中尺度对流系统发展有3个过程:带状对流建立和局地强雨团影响、北京北部“列车效应”南部雷暴冷池出流造成对流加强和移动、平原地区线状对流重建。（3）暴雨发生前,低层西南风出现风速脉动,低空急流建立。首先在2500—3500 m高度形成低空急流,2 h后2500 m以下风速显著增大,5 h后急流厚度由边界层伸展到700 hPa。急流出口区降压,低层出现气旋性风场或切变,有利于垂直上升运动发展,触发和加强对流。（4）西南低空急流暖湿输送导致高温、高湿、高能的对流不稳定层结反复重建,这是对流发展加强的重要原因。（5）地面辐合线是对流触发并逐渐组织成带状对流系统的关键影响因素。地面辐合线方向、低空急流轴、回波移动方向三者几乎重叠是造成对流后向传播和“列车效应”的有利条件。（6）太行山和燕山地形对对流触发和暴雨增幅有重要影响。北京最大雨强≥40 mm/h站点中的77.4%位于西南部和东北部200—600 m海拔高度处。偏东风在华北西部太行山局地迎风坡触发对流,西南低空急流在北京北部迎风坡和喇叭口地形处辐合和抬升更为显著,造成局地特大暴雨。 相似文献
7.
台风残涡北上引发东北地区北部大暴雨的中尺度特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用常规观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波资料、自动气象站降水量以及0. 25°×0. 25°的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1710号台风"海棠"残余环流北上引发的东北地区北部的大暴雨过程进行中尺度特征分析。结果表明,台风残余环流移入东北地区后再度加强。地面上负变压中心位于气旋北侧倒槽切变处,气旋的快速发展和加强的变压风辐合,造成低层辐合加强,导致大暴雨的出现。暴雨区呈带状分布,出现向北增强的趋势,在时空分布上都有明显的中尺度特征。探空分析显示暴雨区大气处于不稳定状态,有利于以短时强降水为主的对流发展。暴雨是由MCS活动造成的,每次短时强降水均与TBB低值中心相对应,并滞后1 h左右。对流云团自南向北传播,暴雨主要出现在冷云区内或是云团后部边缘TBB大梯度区处。雷达回波的后向传播造成暴雨区一直有强回波活动,降水持续时间长;强降水是暖云降水,降水效率高,雨强大。引发暴雨的中尺度对流系统具有深厚的垂直运动,加强了低层热量和水汽的向上输送。中低层正涡柱迅速增强,水汽辐合增强,加强了中尺度对流系统的发展和持续时间。中高层有干冷空气活动,不仅触发对流,而且大大降低了大气稳定度,为对流的发生、发展提供了有利条件。 相似文献
8.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对滇东北2010年7月接连发生的三次局地暴雨过程进行诊断分析.结果表明:三次暴雨过程均发生在西太平洋副热带高压边缘,其环流背景分别为两高辐合型、低涡切变型和东风波型:天气尺度辐合上升运动和低层不稳定能量释放产生的小尺度上升运动协同是三次局地暴雨发生的原因;三 次暴雨均由SW-NE向短带对流回波单体产生,强回波带西南端降水强度最大;径向速度图上出现逆风区、低空急流、冷暖平流以及低层中尺度辐合线,逆风.区与暴雨落区对应较好,逆风区向上伸展高度与降水强度相对应,逆风区的出现比暴雨出现有1 h的提前期,对暴雨短时预报具有重要指示意义. 相似文献
9.
利用探空资料、常规气象资料、中尺度气象加密观测资料及多普勒雷达回波产品等资料,对2010年7月25日吉林省双阳站局地大暴雨的中尺度系统演变特征、动力、不稳定条件及雷达回波特征进行了分析。分析结果表明：低空中尺度切变、地面中尺度辐合线是本次局地暴雨的主要中尺度系统,850hPa露点锋提供本次局地暴雨的触发机制;局地暴雨发生在较强的对流不稳定及冷空气侵入导致迅速增强的垂直风切变的条件下;暴雨发生前中低空有明显较强的上升运动,冷空气开始下沉入侵形成垂直环流,为暴雨的发生提供了动力条件;雷达回波图上“人”字型回波带合并,其上多个对流单体新生持续经过暴雨区造成强降水,回波带上的逆风区与局地暴雨有较好的对应关系,强回波及逆风区对局地暴雨有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
10.
利用WRF模式,对2008年5月27日夜间贵州南部山区大暴雨天气进行了数值模拟。复杂地形条件下,数值模拟有一定难度。本次数值模拟能够反映此次大暴雨的降水区域、降水特征和降水强度。在此基础上,利用高分辨率的数值结果,对该暴雨过程的中尺度气旋及地形对降水的作用进行了分析,结果表明：中β尺度气旋是造成此次局地暴雨的直接系统;气旋在结构上表现出中低层强烈的辐合和正涡度柱的耦合,出现了伸展到对流层顶的深厚强上升运动;造成大暴雨的辐合线生成在贵州西部地形梯度较大地方,辐合线上发展起来的中尺度气旋在850 hPa和地面上表现为生成在一个开口向南的喇叭口地形上,由于喇叭口地形对气流的辐合和抬升作用,水汽辐合和上升运动在该地达到最强,无疑对降水的落区和强度有重要影响。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献