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2016年7月6日在武汉发生了一次造成城市严重内涝的暴雨过程。本文利用多普勒天气雷达、逐小时地面加密观测资料和EC 0.25°×0.25°细网格模式数据,对这次梅雨锋附近极端暴雨的降水特征、中尺度对流系统演变和暴雨成因等进行了细致分析,结果表明:(1)本次大暴雨是在典型梅雨期环流形势下发生的,副热带高压西北侧的高温、高湿区配合江淮切变线稳定少动,暴雨则出现在西南低空急流风速辐合区,925 hPa西南低空气流的进退有利于东北路冷空气南下,这与雨带的落区和维持有密切联系。(2)梅雨锋狭长雨带上的降水量分布呈现不均匀性,强暴雨主要集中在几个中心,降水中心的分布与梅雨锋附近低层风场扰动有关,梅雨锋雨带上产生大暴雨是一个典型的中尺度对流系统(MCS),沿着西南一东北走向的引导气流移动,湖北特殊地形促使"列车效应"进一步加强。(3)列车线主要由江淮切变线或边界层辐合线附近的中尺度系统扰动形成,地面中尺度气旋性辐合及低空西南急流长时间维持,是形成"列车效应"的主要原因。(4)MCS在雷达回波上有三个明显特征,第一个是MCS在雷达回波形态上属于带状对流,由层状云和列车线共同组成,雨带与西南气流走向一致;第二特征是层状云和列车线移动方向几乎一致,MCS移动方向与列车线走向平行,垂直于列车线的分量很小;第三个是对流单体在列车线上游新生、加强,并向下游移动,对流单体的传播方向和列车线方向相反。(5)西南急流向近地面扩展、"牛眼"结构及风随高度顺转等中尺度系统,促使近地面扰动加强,诱发强降水。 相似文献
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利用风廓线雷达、微波辐射计、FY卫星亮温(TBB)及多普勒天气雷达探测等非常规资料,对2012年7月25日发生在天津沿海的一次特大暴雨过程进行分析和研究。结果表明:1)中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要影响系统,地面中尺度辐合导致雷达回波列车效应从而产生区域性特大暴雨,强降水过程中50～55 dBZ强回波超过0℃层到达6.5 km高度,表现出高质心结构,雷达回波多仰角出现逆风区,持续时间近3 h,气旋式辐合增强,使对流有很强的组织性;2)暴雨过程伴随多个中尺度对流云团的强烈发展,成熟的对流云团冷中心温度达-63℃,云团后部温度等值线梯度大,对流旺盛,是引发强降水的关键;3)云液态水含量跃增与地面降水增强有直接关系,高液态水含量集中在0.8～1.6 km高度,强降水前湿层深厚,降水发生后湿层厚度迅速减小;4)风廓线雷达有能力捕捉到对暴雨预报有指示意义的信号,暴雨开始前约1～2 h边界层急流和低空急流建立,且低空急流在强降水发生前达到最强,暴雨开始前约1 h有中层弱冷空气侵入,暴雨开始前10～20 min急流可触发边界层扰动和低空扰动。 相似文献
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利用双偏振多普勒雷达、风廓线雷达、雨滴谱仪等新型探测资料以及双雷达风场反演资料、地面加密自动观测站资料与FNL再分析资料,分析了2018年5月7日闽南沿海一次暖区特大暴雨过程的中尺度特征。结果表明:此次特大暴雨发生在强盛的超低空西南急流区内;超低空急流具有明显的脉动特征,其突然增强引起低空扰动加强,造成明显的低层辐合;深厚的西南急流导致对流回波形态与回波移动方向高度一致,使得多个强降水对流系统接连经过同一区域,形成列车效应,这是强降水长时间维持的重要原因;强降水对流回波带中,水平方向存在风向、风速双重辐合,垂直方向上存在明显的波状运动,上升运动位于强回波前部,使其不断向东北方向移动,同时在强降水对流回波带东南侧存在明显的补偿性次级环流,使低层辐合和上升运动得以维持;高浓度的小雨滴与大雨滴并存是此次暖区强降水云微物理的重要特征。 相似文献
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该文利用黔东南CD型新一代天气雷达提供的风廓线产品（VWP）资料,对黔东南2013年5月25日夜间—26日早晨暴雨到大暴雨天气过程强降雨时段的高低空风场进行详细分析。得出：高、低空急流的加强和向近地面扩展,动量下传,使低层辐合扰动增强,触发不稳定能量强烈释放,导致强降雨发生;暴雨期间近地层0．9km超低空西南风急流的加强和维持,使低层大气层结不稳定状态和水汽输送得以较长时间维持,是暴雨产生的重要原因,降雨强度与超低空急流风速脉动有一定的对应关系;降雨强度随着高、低空急流指数的增大而增大,随着高、低空急流指数的同步减小而减弱,最大降雨强度集中时段出现在低空急流指数最大值维持阶段;短时强降雨在高、低空急流加强并向下扩展到最低点1—2h后发生,这对短时临近预报预警有一定指示意义。 相似文献
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利用Doppler雷达、地面自动站、Profile垂直风廓线及GPS水汽分布等多种新型探测资料, 对2006年7月9日夜间发生在北京西郊香山附近的局地大暴雨天气的影响系统和γ-中尺度强降雨落区形成的动力机理进行了精细分析。对雷达等本地多种探测资料的精细研究表明:地形辐合回波带是造成这次过程的主要影响系统。地形辐合回波带上中气旋回波块的滚动更迭是大暴雨落区形成的直接原因; 近地面辐合对大暴雨落区强降雨的发生具有重要作用。大暴雨落区形成阶段近地面3种辐合同时存在:平原东南风与山区偏北风风向切变辐合、平原东南风在山脉阻挡作用下的抬升辐合、大暴雨落区中心的γ-中尺度气旋性辐合。研究还表明:山前近地面地形辐合扰动, 向上传播, 引发边界层扰动的动力过程是香山大暴雨落区形成的主要动力源, 而来自东南方向近地面层的暖湿平流为大暴雨提供了有效的水汽和能量。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测探测、中尺度自动气象站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2010年6月18—20日湖南省大范围暴雨过程进行分析,着重分析该过程中＂列车效应＂的多普勒雷达特征。结果表明：深厚湿层是产生高降水率的水汽来源,中低层垂直风切变使对流系统具有高度的组织性,可使强降水维持更长时间,有利于大暴雨产生;低质心、高效率的大面积降水回波（≥40 dBz）较长时间源源不断从湘北经过产生＂列车效应＂,导致湘中以北大范围暴雨甚至大暴雨;冷暖平流和辐合相叠加的径向速度特征、中气旋、低空急流的维持使＂列车效应＂长时间维持;利用多普勒天气雷达快速识别强降水回波和＂列车效应＂并对其维持时间作出预测,可为及时、准确发布暴雨预警与预报提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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利用美国NCEP再分析资料结合地面加密自动站、卫星、雷达等常规资料,对2006年7月3日苏北东部地区一次最强的梅雨锋大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,揭示了此次过程不同尺度系统的特征.结果表明:(1)此次过程是一次非典型的梅雨锋对流性暴雨,贝加尔湖稳定、强大的高压脊是引发大暴雨过程的大尺度背景条件.(2)高空槽、西南涡、低空急流以及地面气旋为大暴雨提供了强劲的动力和水汽条件.(3)α中尺度上,该暴雨系统的垂直结构为中低层强烈的辐合和上层的辐散,其中心有着强烈的上升气流;同时在中高层,系统的北侧有一个高空急流强迫产生的次级环流.地面多个中尺度涡旋的上升气流汇合成高低空急流耦合产生的次级环流的上升支,这种中尺度暴雨系统的三维结构为强暴雨的形成提供了持久必要的动力、水汽和不稳定性条件.(4)云图上对应一个MCS的发展演变,雷达上弓形回波对应的速度图上的"逆风区"和"中气旋"则是这次过程中局地短时强降水、龙卷的γ中尺度系统. 相似文献
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渤海西岸偏东风对天津局地大暴雨的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用加密自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达等高时空分辨率资料,分析2017年7月6日天津一次局地大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统发展演变特征,讨论渤海西岸边界层偏东风的垂直结构、温湿特性及其对局地大暴雨的作用。结果表明:局地大暴雨由两个暖区中尺度对流系统和一个低涡切变线系统造成,偏东风作用下的暖区第二个中尺度对流系统主导了局地大暴雨的形成。大暴雨中心两侧的温湿特征均呈“东高西低”分布,偏东气流具有暖湿特性,为暖区对流暴雨的发生发展提供了有利的环境条件。由于海陆地形差异,偏东气流自渤海向内陆推进过程中呈现明显的风速扰动特征,不仅导致水汽辐合,同时有利于上升运动发展。其中,0.6 km以下偏东风的中尺度扰动对局地大暴雨的触发和维持起重要作用,风速辐合强迫产生的上升气流是γ中尺度对流单体的重要触发机制,而强降水冷池出流与不断增强的暖湿偏东人流相互作用形成地面中尺度辐合线,使对流系统得以稳定维持,40 dBz以上强降水回波持续近3 h,平均6 min降水量达6.8 mm。此外,局地大暴雨的雨强变化与东风急流波动关系密切,急流的建立、发展、减弱和消失分别对应降水的陡增、峰值、减弱和陡降四个阶段。 相似文献
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一次由“列车效应”引发的梅雨锋暴雨研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用Micaps软件系统、多普勒雷达和NCEP 1°×1°再分析等资料,对2011年6月14日江西北部地区一次超历史极值的短时强降水过程的天气尺度系统和中小尺度系统及其两者关系进行了分析。结果表明,南支槽移动缓慢、中层干冷空气入侵、强盛的西南急流、高低空急流耦合及地面辐合线维持是造成此次极端降水的主要影响系统。反射率因子表现为低质心、垂直发展旺盛、高效率的强回波连续经过同一地区;同时,回波具有明显的后向传播特征和热带降水回波特点;径向速度表现出锋面过境特征,"牛眼"结构表明了低空西南气流较强。当暖湿急流输送方向与地面辐合线平行时,孟加拉湾的水汽被低槽前西南气流源源不断地输送到辐合线上空,使辐合线稳定、维持或发展。干冷气流入侵有利于对流单体的产生;大风速区和辐合区的发展有利于中小尺度对流单体及其次级垂直环流的维持、发展,且这些次级环流规则排列,从而"列车效应"得以维持。有组织的多单体风暴活动、地面静止锋及其附近多条中尺度地面辐合线长时间维持,是形成"列车效应"的主要原因;降水回波处于东北—西南向的高能舌北侧移动,江西东北部特殊的地形作用促使"列车效应"形成和维持。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献