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《广东气象》2017,(3)
利用高分辨率的自动气象观测资料和大气成分在线观测资料,分析了深圳大雾天气的时空变化特征以及区域间大雾持续时间和污染特征的异同。结果表明:深圳大雾日数总体呈减少的趋势;冬春季是大雾多发期,其中2月至4月上旬最为集中,凌晨至早晨是高发时段;深圳大雾空间差异性大,总体呈东多西少分布,东部沿海是区域大雾的多发区;大雾过程一般持续1~2 d,多为短历时雾,3h内完成生成、消散过程;位于东部沿海地区的盐田港站大雾过程持续日数和时长均较西部的竹子林基地站长,易出现持续时间长、影响日数多、强度大的大雾过程;大雾发生时竹子林基地站常伴随污染出现(轻度及以上污染概率34%),而盐田港站污染天气较少(5%),各类污染物质量浓度均低于竹子林基地站;大雾时竹子林基地站首要污染物以PM_(2.5)为主(92%),盐田港站为PM_(2.5)(68%)和O3(27%)。 相似文献
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陇东冰雹天气特征分析及预报预警 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(6)
利用2008-2013年常规观测资料、区域站和自动站资料以及灾情资料,对收集到符合标准的陇东地区53个冰雹个例进行了强对流天气诊断分析,建立了陇东冰雹天气概念模型,通过对物理量及雷达产品特征的分析,确立了预报指标,并利用2014年部分个例进行了效果检验。结果表明,700 h Pa与500 h Pa温差、K指数、SI指数、LI指数、θse_(500)-θse_(700)、-20℃及0℃高度层、0~6 km垂直风切变等物理量指标对陇东地区0~12 h冰雹的潜势预报提供了很好的参考;而回波强度、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量、45 d BZ强回波顶高度、H45d BZ-H0、最强回波对应的高度等雷达产品预报指标则对12~30 min冰雹临近预报预警提供了定性甚至定量化的判据。 相似文献
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应用常规气象观测、加密自动站、能见度观测等资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,对2014年辽宁地区一次罕见的长时间大范围强浓雾天气的成因进行诊断。结果表明：2014年11月20-22日辽宁地区大雾过程分为两个阶段,其中21日14-16时大雾爆发性发展后,特强浓雾持续12 h,此种情况在辽宁近20 a比较罕见。大雾第一阶段为辐射雾,雾前低层弱暖平流利于升温,大雾期间中层弱冷平流利于出现晴空辐射条件,夜间在辐射降温作用下,975 hPa高度以下形成逆温;气温下降、温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大;近地面微风利于降温,同时水汽不易流出,逆温作用使得水汽不易向高层扩散,近地面层水汽浓度增大,导致第一阶段大雾快速发展。大雾第二阶段为锋面雾,大雾快速发展期间无逆温、有弱冷锋过境,锋面附近辐合导致水汽上升冷却凝结,同时锋面附近低云降下雨滴在干冷空气中蒸发,利于近地面附近水汽饱和、冷凝,是大雾快速发展的原因。 相似文献
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以1990~2002年共13年冬春季(11月至次年4月)发生在沿海地区(北海、钦州、合浦、防城和防港五区县)的大范围大雾个例为基础进行研究分析,得出沿海出现大范围大雾的四种天气形势,分别为锋面北退型,暖低控制型、锋前槽前型、槽后冷高型和副高边缘型,总结出这五种天气形势的特征,并分析了出现大范围大雾前地面各要素的特征,得出大范围大雾出现前24h地面场的有利条件。根据上述研究结果,建立广西沿海地区大范围大雾预报系统,该系统读取欧洲中心,日本和T 213的数值预报产品,自动判断是否符合沿海大范围大雾出现的天气形势特征,当符合沿海大范围大雾出现的天气形势时,进一步判断是否具备大范围大雾出现的有利条件,综合判断沿海地区是否会出现大范围大雾天气,并将结果自动输出。 相似文献
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华南春季一次锋面大雾的边界层特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
低能见度天气是影响飞行正常的主要天气。春季华南地区由锋面引起的大雾(能见度<1000ｍ)是造成低能见度天气的主要原因之一。本文对白云机场1999年3月24和25日两天的锋面大雾天气过程进行分析,得出华南锋面大雾大气边界层的一些特征。1 锋面大雾的产生和天气形势1.1 锋?.. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献