共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 120 毫秒
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建筑物对大气污染物扩散影响的大涡模拟 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用一个大涡模式对一个方形建筑物周围的气流场进行了模拟,并与相应的风洞实验结果进行比较,对比结果表明大涡模拟方法可以精细地反映建筑物周围的流场特征.在此基础上,将拉格朗日随机游动扩散模式与大涡模式相结合,对在受建筑物影响的气流场中的大气污染物扩散进行模拟,模拟结果表明该方法可以很好地模拟出在建筑物影响下的气流变形所引起的各种污染物散布情况.建筑物周围的气流结构特性使得建筑物顶部污染源位置的细小变化可能造成建筑物周围污染物分布形势的很大不同,特别是对建筑物背风侧的空腔区内地面污染物浓度有着很大的影响.当排放 相似文献
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文中将建筑物动力冠层方案引入到城市边界层精细模式中,该方案描叙了城市地Ⅸ建筑物对气流的拖曳作用以及建筑物形态对城市地区湍流活动动量输送的影响.采用建筑物拖曳法和建筑物动力冠层方案两种不同建筑物动力学处理方法对北京地区东南部进行模拟,通过城市地区水平风速的模拟结果与自动气象站实测资料对比发现模拟结果与实测相当吻合,建筑物动力冠层方案的引入能够更好地实施对城市地区的水平风速分布的数值模拟.分别采用建筑物拖曳法与建筑物动力冠层方案对一个实际小规模城市进行模拟试验,分析表明引入建筑物动力冠层方案可以模拟出小规模城市地区水平风速偏低的现象;还可以模拟出城市地区建筑物动力作用对湍流活动的影响;对湍流动能模拟结果表明比较符合实际分布情形.采用建筑物动力冠层方案对小规模城市地区建筑物高度变化对城市地区的流场及湍流活动的影响进行模拟分析,结果表明:城市地区建筑物高度增加,风速变小,但是高大建筑物底部风速略高于低矮建筑物底部;城市地区大气湍能增加,高大建筑物底部湍能较小,冠层高度内湍能随高度增加而增加;同时城市地Ⅸ的垂直扩散系数也随建筑物高度增加而增加;城市地区污染物排放高度处污染物浓度较低,下游乡村地区地面污染物浓度较低,但高空污染物浓度却较高. 相似文献
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利用WRF模式与多尺度空气质量模式(CMAQ)系统模拟了试验期间(2005年1月30-2月2日)兰州市城区SO2的地面浓度,并根据模拟结果进一步分析了兰州市冬季污染物的空间分布特征。研究结果表明西固区和城关区各有一处污染物高浓度区域;受排放源空间分布和气象场的综合影响,夜间SO2地面污染范围小于日间,夜间污染物地面最大浓度明显高于日间,夜间模拟区域平均值低于日间;水平流场和山谷风环流形成的垂直运动均对污染物地面浓度有明显影响。 相似文献
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上海市气象场与SO2浓度数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用地形坐标系下适合于复杂地形且满足地－气耦合的静力学三维中－β尺度气象预报模式，使用08时的实测流场经变分法初始化后得到的初始流场，模拟研究了上海地区的局地流场时空演变特征，模式较细致地考虑了湍流，长短波辐射，凝结，蒸发，地表热力平衡等因子，在此基础上，使用有限元法数值求解一阶闭合的三维区拉平流扩散方程，模拟了上海地区的SO2浓度分布，结果表明：上海的局地流场具有明显的日变化特征，受海陆温差的影响明显，日间风速较夜间风速大，风向呈顺时针旋转，在不同稳定层结情况下，高架点源排放的高空污染物对地面的污染物浓度有贡献，会千成地面污染物浓度升高。 相似文献
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城市湍流边界层内汽车尾气扩散规律数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以纳维斯托克斯方程组、大气平流扩散方程、湍流动能及湍流动能耗散率方程组为基础．采用伪不定常方法,建立了一个数值模式．利用该模式列城市湍流边界层内流场结构及汽车排放污染物扩散规律进行了研究。结果表明：街谷内会形成一个涡旋型流场．汽车排放污染物浓度在地面及建筑物背风面产生堆积,且其沿高度方向的梯度变化在背风面大．迎风而小。随着街谷两侧建筑物屋顶风速的增大,峡谷内形成的涡旋流场的强度增大,污染物扩散速率增大：当屋顶来流与街道之间的夹角逐渐增大时．涡旋中心位置由街道中心偏向于背风面及更高层且污染物扩散速度加快。 相似文献
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采用地形坐标系下适合于复杂地形且满足地-气耦合的静力学三维中-β尺度气象预报模式,使用08时的实测流场经变分法初始化后得到的初始流场,模拟研究了上海地区的局地流场时空演变特征。模式较细致地考虑了湍流、长短波辐射、凝结、蒸发、地表热力平衡等因子,在此基础上,使用有限元法数值求解一阶闭合的三维欧拉平流扩散方程,模拟了上海地区的SO2浓度分布。结果表明:上海的局地流场具有明显的日变化特征,受海陆温差的影响明显,日间风速较夜间风速大,风向呈顺时针旋转;在不稳定层结情况下,高架点源排放的高空污染物对地面的污染物浓度有贡献,会造成地面污染物浓度升高。 相似文献
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本文采用三维非静力E-ε闭合模式,在对流层边界层方程组中,加入湍能和耗散率方程描述边界层中的湍流运动。求解孤立三维山地地形上的流场、湍流场和浓度场,并分析地形对气流的影响及对污染物浓度分布的影响。同时做了不同坡度和不同风速下的孤立三维山体的流场、湍流场和浓度场比较。数值计算结果表明,地形能改变气流运动,气流过山时将出现分支现象,山后背坡有反向回流出现,并且回流区大小随着山体坡度的增大而增大。山体对气流的阻挡作用随山体高度的增加而更明显,随风速的增加而减弱。湍能及耗散率随高度衰减较快。随着山体坡度增加,山前气流的垂直速度也增加,湍流运动更强。风速大时湍流运动越显著。污染物在山前出现辐散,迎风坡是浓度高值区,山后背风坡也是相对高值区。山坡度越大,山前迎风坡污物浓度越高。 相似文献
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A microscale model for air pollutant dispersion simulation in urban areas: Presentation of the model and performance over a single building 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A microscale air pollutant dispersion model system is developed for emergency response purposes. The model includes a diagnostic wind field model to simulate the wind field and a random-walk air pollutant dispersion model to simulate the pollutant concentration through consideration of the influence of urban buildings. Numerical experiments are designed to evaluate the model's performance, using CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Microscale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data, including wind fields and air pollutant dispersion around a single building. The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings and the dispersion model simulates the pollutant concentration around buildings well. Typically, the simulation errors come from the determination of the key zones around a building or building cluster. This model has the potential for multiple applications; for example, the prediction of air pollutant dispersion and the evaluation of environmental impacts in emergency situations; urban planning scenarios;and the assessment of microscale air quality in urban areas. 相似文献
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Evaluation of a micro-scale wind model’s performance over realistic building clusters using wind tunnel experiments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The simulation performance over complex building clusters of a wind simulation model(Wind Information Field Fast Analysis model, WIFFA) in a micro-scale air pollutant dispersion model system(Urban Microscale Air Pollution dispersion Simulation model, UMAPS) is evaluated using various wind tunnel experimental data including the CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Micro-Scale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data and the NJU-FZ experiment data(Nanjing University-Fang Zhuang neighborhood wind tunnel experiment data). The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings well, and the flow patterns in urban street canyons and building clusters can also be represented. Due to the complex shapes of buildings and their distributions, the simulation deviations/discrepancies from the measurements are usually caused by the simplification of the building shapes and the determination of the key zone sizes. The computational efficiencies of different cases are also discussed in this paper. The model has a high computational efficiency compared to traditional numerical models that solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and can produce very high-resolution(1–5 m) wind fields of a complex neighborhood scale urban building canopy(～ 1 km ×1km) in less than 3 min when run on a personal computer. 相似文献
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对具有复杂下垫面的小区精细化风环境进行数值模拟是当前城市气象研究的热点,而针对具有复杂地形的山地型城市（如重庆）的研究还比较匮乏。本文采用能显式分辨下垫面陡峭地形和复杂建筑物的计算流体力学（CFD）模式对重庆市渝北区龙湖社区气候态下的精细化风环境进行高分辨率的数值模拟。结果表明,下垫面能显著调节小区内风场的分布,风速大值区主要出现在九龙湖等开阔区域以及与中尺度背景入流方向一致的街道中。在夏季,小区整体风场以东南风为主,而其他3个季节则以偏东风为主。4个季节中,夏季小区内的风速最大,平均风速为0.3 m/s左右,局地能出现大于背景风的风速,可达0.8 m/s;其他3个季节的风速则较弱,区域平均的风速在0.2 m/s左右。不同的建筑物布局对局地风环境的影响也不同:单个孤立高层建筑迎风面的近地面存在明显地绕流,局地风速有所增加,而在背风面则形成尾流区,水平风速较低;在低矮分散的建筑群,建筑物的整体高度不高,区域内流场相对来说比较一致,风速较大,有利于小区的通风;在密集高层建筑群内,由于建筑物群本身的布局比较封闭,加之不同建筑物的环流场存在相互干扰及影响,使得小区近地面风速几乎为零,不利于小区通风和污染物扩散。建筑物的这些影响在城市冠层内尤为明显,高度越高这种影响越弱。 相似文献
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An urban boundary layer model (UBLM) is improved by
incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and
a height-distributed canopy drag length scale. The improved UBLM is applied
to simulate the wind fields over three typical urban blocks over the Beijing
area with different height-to-width ratios. For comparisons, the wind fields
over the same blocks are simulated by an urban sub-domain scale model
resolving the buildings explicitly. The wind fields simulated from the two
different methods are in good agreement. Then, two-dimensional building
morphological characteristics and urban canopy parameters for Beijing are
derived from detailed building height data. Finally, experiements are
conducted to investigate the effect of buildings on the wind field in
Beijing using the improved UBLM. 相似文献
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利用2014~2018年冬季空气质量和污染物浓度数据,结合地面观测、探空及风廓线雷达资料,对新都区冬季气象要素及其污染扩散条件进行分析。结果表明:（1）新都区不同污染物具有相同的日变化特征,在11时左右浓度最高,18时达到最低。（2）新都区污染物浓度与风速、气温、降水、相对湿度有密切关系。当风速大于(小于)平均风速时,污染物浓度减小（增加）;气温越高且相对湿度越大,污染也越强;降水较弱时,反而会加重污染。（3）新都区污染天气过程中,逆温强度与厚度的大小将影响污染物的垂直扩散,强度和厚度偏大,污染偏严重。 相似文献
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R. Dimitrova Jean-François Sini K. Richards M. Schatzmann M. Weeks E. Perez García C. Borrego 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(2):223-243
Micrometeorological conditions in the vicinity of urban buildings strongly influence the requirements that are imposed on
building heating and cooling. The goal of the present study, carried out within the Advance Tools for Rational Energy Use
towards Sustainability (ATREUS) European research network, is the evaluation of the wind field around buildings with walls
heated by solar radiation. Two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes were validated against extensive wind-tunnel observations
to assess the influence of thermal effects on model performance. The code selected from this validation was used to simulate
the wind and temperature fields for a summer day in a specific region of the city of Lisbon. For this study, the meteorological
data produced by a non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5) were used as boundary conditions for a CFD code, which
was further applied to analyze the effects of local roughness elements and thermodynamic conditions on the air flow around
buildings. The CFD modelling can also provide the inflow parameters for a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
system, used to evaluate the building energy budgets and to predict performance of the air-conditioning system. The main finding
of the present three-dimensional analyses is that thermal forcing associated with the heating of buildings can significantly
modify local properties of the air flow. 相似文献
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A large-eddy simulation (LES) with a one-equation subgrid-scale (SGS) model was developed to investigate the flow field and
pollutant dispersion inside street canyons of high aspect ratio (AR). A 1/7th power-law wall model was implemented near rigid
walls to mitigate the demanding near-wall resolution requirements in LES. This LES model had been extensively validated against
experimental results for street canyons of AR = 1 and 2 before it was applied to the cases of AR = 3 and 5. A ground-level
passive pollutant line source, located in the middle of the street, was used to simulate vehicular emissions. Three and five
vertically aligned primary recirculations were developed in the street canyons of AR 3 and 5, respectively. The ground-level
mean wind speed was less than 0.5% of the free stream value, which makes it difficult for the pollutant to be transported
upward for removal. High pollutant concentration and variance were found near the buildings where the air flow is upwards.
It was found that the velocity fluctuation, pollutant concentration and variance were all closely related to the interactions
between the primary recirculations and/or the free surface layer. Several quantities, which are non-linear functions of AR,
were introduced to quantify the air quality in street canyons of different configurations. 相似文献