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1.
2015年5月19—20日,华南出现一次暴雨过程。检验表明欧洲中期天气预报中心全球确定性预报模式(以下简称EC模式)预报的20日强降水落区在广东境内较实况明显偏北,高估了天气尺度系统附近的降水强度,漏报了其南侧暖区内中尺度对流系统(mesoscale convective system,MCS)造成的降水,华东中尺度模式预报明显优于EC模式。利用高分辨率中尺度天气研究预报模式(以下简称WRF模式)对该暴雨过程进行了模拟,对比EC模式降水物理过程,初步探索了EC模式降水预报误差的成因,结果表明:20日位于广东暖区内的对流组织发展成MCS,并造成明显的低层冷池出流和中高层潜热加热,二者共同作用使得中低层气旋式环流在广东中东部发展,配合其南侧的强西南风水汽输送,在气旋式切变附近不断触发新的对流并南移使得广东中南部暖区内出现强降水,WRF模式能较好地模拟出该过程,而EC模式未能预报出暖区对流及其反馈,从而导致其漏报了广东中南部的强降水;EC模式预报的降水与天气尺度环流之间的正反馈进一步加大了降水的预报偏差。EC模式预报的20日白天的强降水主要位于华南北部切变线附近,且以层状云降水为主,降水产生的潜热使得对流层低层切变线附近减压更明显,预报的切变线辐合较分析场明显偏强,使得其预报的切变线附近降水较实况偏强。 相似文献
2.
云南省一次切变冷锋型暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和多种加密观测资料,对2013年初夏云南省一次典型冷锋切变型暴雨天气过程进行诊断和中尺度分析,结果表明：青藏高原和川西高原西北气流引导冷空气和切变线南下影响云南省,地面冷锋与切变线位置基本一致,冷暖空气交汇于切变线和冷锋附近,产生强降水。天气尺度系统的有效合理配置及相互作用,为中尺度对流系统的发展提供了有利的环流背景。CAPE高能区和等Δθse(500-800)线密集区的分布与对流系统的发生、发展有一定对应关系。暴雨发生的局地性和突发性等中小尺度特征与地面中尺度辐合系统密切相关。地面锋面及叠加在其上的加密地面风场辐合区的位置和移动可以作为短时强降水短临预报的重要参考依据。地面强降水强度和落区与对流云团的TBB等值线梯度大小以及梯度大值区的位置相关。地闪频数的发生发展,可以作为对流云团发生发展的判据之一。受多方面因素影响,低纬高原不同暴雨点的地闪频数峰值出现时间与强降水峰值时间的关系复杂。大风区、第二类γ中尺度辐合区的存在和“列车效应”是造成局地短时强降水的直接原因。边界层急流为此次强降水过程提供了重要的动力强迫和水汽输送。 相似文献
3.
为了提高对黄土高原γ中尺度致洪暴雨预报和预警能力,利用NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、常规观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2015年7月18日黄土高原发生的一次γ中尺度致洪暴雨进行了诊断分析。结果表明:700~200 h Pa深厚低涡和低层切变是这次暴雨的主要影响系统;暴雨发生前暴雨区大气层结对流不稳定增强和对流有效位能的增长为强天气的发生提供了有利条件;暴雨发生前地面图上生成的湿焓高能中心、850 h Pa和700 h Pa等压面上生成的对流涡度矢量垂直分量高值中心和暴雨落区形成很好的对应关系;线状中尺度对流系统中β中尺度对流云团的发展加强对强降水有直接影响;线状中尺度对流系统在雷达回波图上体现为多个对流单体组成的带状回波,影响暴雨区的对流单体回波中心强度50 d BZ,径向速度场分析表明γ中尺度气旋性辐合的生成和维持为暴雨的持续提供了动力条件。 相似文献
4.
山东一次区域性暴雨中尺度特征分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用常规资料、地面自动站资料、FY2C卫星云图TBB和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2009年5月9—10日发生在山东的春季区域性暴雨进行分析和研究。结果表明:①强降水是在低层冷空气和深厚西南暖湿气流交汇的过程中产生的,副高异常偏强,制约850～700hPa切变线和地面辐合线停滞少动,产生较长时间的降水。②地面辐合线的形成和维持激发了边界层的辐合上升运动,为暴雨区提供了充足的水汽,冷空气从边界层楔入,与暖湿气流汇合并抬升暖湿气流辐合上升,使上升运动加强,降水增幅。③中尺度对流系统是造成暴雨的主要中尺度系统,多个单体更迭并移经同一区域,形成"列车效应"而产生区域性暴雨。④雷达径向速度图中逆风区和不同高度(超)低空急流的大小对短时强降水预报有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
利用自动站、多普勒天气雷达、FY-4A/AGRI亮温数据等观测资料、ERA5再分析资料以及业务模式预报资料,对2023年4月3—5日江西一次强对流天气过程进行天气学诊断分析和模式预报与观测对比分析,以期揭示雷暴大风的成因和南部暖区暴雨的发生、发展机制,并分析其预报不确定性。结果表明,江西北部雷暴大风过程与中层的干侵入、冷池出流和环境风叠加有重要关系,而夜间边界层急流的维持和“喇叭口”地形的辐合抬升是触发江西南部暖区暴雨原始对流的关键机制。水汽通量持续在江西南部辐合,有利于南部强降水的长时间维持,同时截断了自南向北的水汽输送,破坏了江西北部和中部的对流不稳定层。进一步的预报不确定性分析表明,此次暖区暴雨过程具有较低的可预报性,大多数模式漏报了暖区对流的触发,少数中尺度模式即使预报出部分对流触发,在对流发展阶段也显示出与实况较大的差异,如雨带过早与锋面暴雨云团合并,应从非常规观测资料的应用和数值模式的提升等多方面改善此类过程的预报质量。 相似文献
6.
“8.13”黄淮北部暴雨云团的组织结构和触发机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用FY-2E卫星资料、多普勒雷达监测及4Dvar反演资料、区域自动站和常规观测资料、NCEP分析资料,对2010年8月13日黄淮北部暴雨云团的组织结构、发展演变及形成机制进行研究。结果表明:暴雨云团形成发展于低涡切变形势下,低涡切变线、西南急流及边界层扩散南下弱冷空气是主要影响系统;高的对流不稳定能量、强的低层垂直风切变和持续发展的水汽条件是主要环境特征。不同区域云团的形成机制有差别,发展北上的西南急流促使MβCS旺盛发展。随着低涡发展,MβCS发展合并形成圆形MαCS,强暖湿气流强迫、弱冷空气扩散及地面辐合线是圆形MαCS形成发展的重要机制。γ或β中尺度气旋及辐合线在对流初生阶段起动力触发作用,辐合加强及辐合区的向后延伸导致对流云团的自身发展和后向发展;成熟阶段对流单体后部的强出流促使对流单体分裂,气旋式环流外围西南和偏南气流合并造成对流单体合并。MαCS成熟和衰亡期雷达上出现的线状对流系统具有明显强降水特征。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测资料、地面加密观测资料、FY-4A卫星云图资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和ERA5再分析资料,对2021年6月14日傍晚到夜间豫南一次对流性暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明：此次过程发生时,850 hPa以上为西南到偏西气流,边界层内冷空气侵入豫南,风场形成了气旋性切变和辐合,过程中水汽条件和热力条件较好,动力强迫主要位于边界层。本次降水可分为两个阶段：14日18∶00—15日00∶00时为对流的触发与演变阶段,冷空气南下形成的地面中尺度辐合线南压到豫南触发了准线状对流,之后辐合线断裂,位于驻马店的东段辐合线进一步南压,对流随之南压减弱,而南阳盆地内风场形成了中尺度气旋性旋转和辐合,对流在此维持;15日00∶00—06∶00为对流的再次增强与维持阶段,随着近地面冷空气再次增强,南阳中部到驻马店西部一带的对流增强并稳定少动。南阳站附近形成了中尺度气旋式辐合中心并长时间维持,利于此处对流不断生成并东移,驻马店西部山地的喇叭口地形对风场的辐合抬升作用也促进了对流的维持。 相似文献
8.
一次冷锋南侧对流性暴雨诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP资料、卫星、雷达和地面加密观测等资料,对2008年5月27-28日江西北部一次冷锋南侧(冷锋前)对流性暴雨过程进行天气动力学诊断分析和中尺度分析.结果表明:(1)对流性暴雨出现在冷锋前的主要原因是:各层槽线位置近于垂直,锋面陡峭,并出现前倾槽结构;冷锋前低层暖湿气流异常强盛,下暖湿上干冷使对流不稳定能量增强;当冷锋移近、气旋波发展东移和低空急流加强,触发了冷锋前对流不稳定能量释放.(2)本次暴雨具有明显中小尺度特征,共有4个β中尺度对流系统沿地面冷锋南侧发展东移,850 hPa的中尺度辐合线、地面中低压和中尺度辐合线、云顶亮温低值区、强回波区及雷达速度图上逆风区等均揭示中小尺度扰动系统存在,且中小尺度扰动系统与暴雨雨团对应很好. 相似文献
9.
利用地面和高空观测资料、雷达资料、FY-2E逐时云顶亮温TBB资料以及NCEP/NCAR（1 °×1 °）再分析资料等,对2014年7月30—31日四川盆地的暴雨天气过程的中尺度对流系统特征及触发机制进行分析和探讨。结果表明:（1）本次暴雨的地面中尺度风场辐合线与强降水落区有较好的对应关系,辐合线比强降水提前1 h出现,且强降水落区主要位于辐合线左侧有边界层弱冷空气影响的偏北气流范围内,同时强降水落区随地面中尺度风场辐合线移动;（2）暴雨过程临近时具有不稳定能量特别高、地面和低层露点温度大、抬升凝结高度低、湿层非常深厚等显著特征十分有利于强降水的发生,降水过程中有充足的水汽向暴雨区输送并在暴雨区有明显的辐合上升,为强降水的持续提供了较好的条件;（3）在高原低涡缓慢东移过程中,涡前的正涡度平流使低层涡度增加、垂直上升运动加强,触发强对流活动,是本次暴雨过程的触发机制之一;强对流降水造成的非绝热加热正反馈于大气,使强对流活动发展,强降水天气持续,是本次暴雨过程的维持机制之一。 相似文献
10.
贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料和FY 2D卫星红外云图云顶亮温TBB资料,对贵州2008年5月25—26日(简称08.05)和2010年6月28—29日(简称10.06)初夏两次暖区暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,探讨两次暴雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明：暖区暴雨形成时,地面均为热低压控制,地面辐合线加强触发暖区暴雨发生;850 hPa低空急流明显加强,暴雨区位于低空急流左前侧。所不同的是：两次暴雨过程中高层影响天气系统不同,08.05暴雨中层影响系统为高原槽,10.06暴雨中层影响系统为两高切变低涡,高层为南亚高压脊。08.05暴雨过程中,多个β中尺度对流单体独立发展逐渐合并为一个α中尺度对流系统,对流云发展旺盛、伸展高度较高、具有混合相层和暖云层剖面结构,属于积状云为主的混合降水。10.06暴雨,经历了两次β中尺度对流系统的发展和减弱,对流云团呈东北—西南向的带状和椭圆状,对流发展高度较低,具有深厚的暖云层,回波在暴雨区持续时间较长,属于层状云和积状云混合降水。通过对两次暴雨触发机制讨论得出,贵州暖区暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的低空急流的建立和加强以及地面低压中辐合线的加强锋生。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献