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1.
基于北京市观象台雷达基数据和加密自动气象站数据,利用支持向量机算法建立了雷暴大风天气的有效识别模型。首先确立了9个用于识别雷暴大风的预报因子:回波顶高、最大反射率因子、最大反射率因子所在高度、垂直积分液态水含量、垂直积分液态水含量随时间变率、垂直积分液态水含量密度、雷暴大风发生前最大反射率因子下降高度、风暴移动速度、速度谱宽。通过计算各预报因子在大风和非大风样本中的概率分布,得到对应的各项预报因子雷暴大风的隶属度,利用得到的隶属度函数对样本进行归一化处理。确立核函数和模型参数,利用支持向量机建立雷暴大风天气的提前识别和临近预警模型。通过对北京2017年7月7日飑线和2012年5月19日块状回波引起的灾害大风典型个例的识别效果检验,得到两个个例预测的命中率、误判率和临界成功指数分别为92.0%,22.1%,73.0%和99.1%,40.5%,59.2%,对于提高雷暴大风预警预报的准确率有一定帮助。 相似文献
2.
河北廊坊雷暴大风的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1970~2012年廊坊地区9个气象站地面雷暴大风观测资料,采用趋势分析、滑动t检验、小波分析和最大熵谱分析等统计方法,系统分析了该地区雷暴大风天气的时空特征及变化趋势和变化周期。结果表明:廊坊地区的雷暴大风局地性强,43 a间只出现了一次全区性的雷暴大风天气过程,雷暴大风多以单站出现为主。雷暴大风的地域性特征明显,中部的廊坊市及南部的文安、大城站较易出现,而北部发生概率较低。雷暴大风的日、月及年变化特征明显。雷暴与大风主要发生在午后至前半夜,大风发生时间一般落后于雷暴,1 h内的雷暴与10 min以内的大风发生概率最高;雷暴大风3~10月都可出现,主要集中在夏季,发生概率为73.3%;近43 a来,年均雷暴大风日数整体呈现减少趋势,且中部的站点减少趋势最显著,1994年为雷暴大风的显著突变年,其显著变化周期为3.23a。雷暴大风多为"湿"型。 相似文献
3.
雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展 总被引：81，自引：22，他引：59
临近预报指0—6h(0—2h为重点)的高时空分辨率的天气预报,预报对象是该时段内出现明显变化的天气现象,主要包括雷暴、强对流、降水、冬季暴风雪、冻雨、沙尘暴、低能见度(雾)、天空云量等,其中,以雷暴和强对流天气的临近预报最具挑战性。综述了针对雷暴和强对流天气的以主观预报为主、结合客观算法的临近预报技术,同时讨论了高分辨率数值预报模式在临近预报中的应用。主观临近预报技术包括基于多普勒天气雷达观测数据并结合其他资料(常规高空和地面观测、气象卫星云图、快速同化循环的数值预报产品等)对雷暴生成、发展和衰减,特别是对强对流天气(包括强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风和对流性暴雨)的临近预报,客观算法包括几种应用最广的雷达回波或云图外推算法和强对流天气识别技术。高分辨率数值预报模式的应用包括与雷达回波外推融合延长临近预报时效,与各种观测资料融合得到快速更新的三维格点资料为雷暴和强对流近风暴环境的判断提供重要参考。 相似文献
4.
山东省雷暴大风天气的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用1971-2008年山东省122个气象站观测资料,对山东省雷暴大风等强对流天气的气候特征进行了分析,并与冰雹天气的气候特征进行了对比。结果表明：山东省雷暴大风年均为46．6d,区域性雷暴大风年均为15．7d,随年代有明显减少的趋势。山东的雷暴大风主要集中在5—8月,7月最多。雷暴大风的地理分布极不均匀,大部分地区年均在l～3d。雷暴大风的影响范围较大,最多可达87个测站。雷暴大风的极大风力一般在8—9级,最大可达12级,极大风速的风向以西北风最多,但在7月以西南大风最多。雷暴大风与冰雹相比,二者出现月份和影响范围有明显差异,冰雹主要集中在4—6月,冰雹影响的范围远小于雷暴大风。 相似文献
5.
利用雷达回波三维拼图资料识别雷暴大风统计研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用雷达回波三维组网拼图数据、加密自动站和地面灾害大风资料,对2008—2012年京津冀地区20次区域性雷暴大风天气过程进行了统计。检验了基于模糊逻辑建立的利用回波强度识别大风的算法,分析了大风出现的位置。该大风识别算法确定了雷暴大风的6个雷达识别指标及其对应的权重系数和不同季节的隶属函数。检验分析块状回波、带状回波和片状回波3类大风过程的识别效果,结果表明：块状回波类大风是由孤立的强单体风暴引发的,风暴单体具有回波强、回波顶高、垂直积分液态水含量大和移动快等特点,雷暴大风多出现在风暴单体附近且二者移动路径一致;带状回波的长度远大于宽度,主要包含飑线和弓状回波,大风影响范围广且多位于带状回波的前沿一带;片状回波多指大面积层云回波中镶嵌着强回波单体块的混合回波,对应出现的雷暴大风多位于风暴单体的周边区域。3类回波识别到的可能出现大风区域与实测大风范围基本吻合,块状、带状和片状3种类型的雷暴大风命中率分别为96.2%、68.6%和45.3%,漏报率分别为3.8%、31.4%和54.7%。由于垂直积分液态水含量偏低和回波强度弱,片状雷暴大风识别漏报相对较多;空报原因除了与测站分布稀疏有很大关系外,也与识别算法本身有关。识别检验证明雷暴大风综合识别方法是合理可靠、切实可行的,可以为雷暴大风的短时临近预警业务和系统开发提供技术支撑,这一工作也为进一步预警大风出现的位置提供了基础。 相似文献
6.
为了研究极端雷暴大风天气环境要素特点,选取2002—2017年中国各地区极端雷暴大风个例95个和不伴随强对流的普通雷暴个例95个,通过两者间关键环境参数的对比,揭示极端雷暴大风事件的关键环境参数特征。结果表明:极端雷暴大风天气发生在对流层中层相对干的环境下,表现为400~700 hPa极端雷暴大风对应的单层最大温度露点差和平均温度露点差平均值分别为25.7℃和13.6℃,而普通雷暴的相应值分别为16.2℃和6.5℃。统计结果表明:尽管产生极端雷暴大风的对流风暴和普通雷达对应的地面露点差异并不大,但前者相应的大气可降水量（平均值为37 mm）明显低于后者（平均值为51 mm）,差异突出表现在两者湿层厚度的不同上;相对于普通雷暴事件,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流有效位能值（平均值为1820 J·kg-1）明显高于普通雷暴事件的对应值（平均值为470 J·kg-1）;此外,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流层中下层垂直温度递减率、下沉有效位能、夹卷层平均风速和0~6 km,0~3 km垂直风切变均明显大于普通雷暴事件对应的相应值。 相似文献
7.
利用2019-2020年风云四号气象卫星A星(FY-4A)多通道扫描成像辐射计(AGRI)提供的云顶数据和地基全球闪电定位网(WWLLN)提供的闪电数据,结合MICAPS气象观测站和海洋浮标记录的极大风数据,研究南海区域(5°~30°N,105°~125°E)71次雷暴大风过程的时空分布及其闪电和对流活动特征。结果表明:观测站记录的雷暴大风主要分布在南海北部;雷暴大风主要发生在5-9月,峰值出现在8月,3月发生次数最少;雷暴大风主要发生在07:00-12:00(北京时,下同),10:00频次最高,午后频次减少。雷暴大风闪电密度的极大值分布在广东南部近海区域,且闪电集中发生在距离观测站40~80 km半径范围内;孤立雷暴大风过程首次闪电跃变的发生时刻相对大风峰值时刻超前30 min至2 min。在对流特征方面,在雷暴大风风速峰值时刻,观测站处的云顶亮温为200~220 K,云顶高度为12.5~15 km。孤立雷暴大风云团云顶亮温最低值(即最强对流发生位置)与大风观测站点的距离平均为77.2 km,云顶亮温平均相差2.6 K。 相似文献
8.
北京地区雷暴大风的天气—气候学特征研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
依据北京近郊地区沙河、南苑和西郊3个测站15年(1990~2004年)的观测资料和常规探空资料,对北京地区局地雷暴大风发生的天气、气候特征和日变化特征进行了统计分析。研究从环流形势、探空结构和环境参数特征入手,分析了有利于北京地区产生雷暴大风的不稳定度指数和能量特征,得出在此期间最有利于雷暴大风产生的探空结构为:低层暖湿,中高层有干冷空气,不稳定度较大,风垂直切变较大。还探讨了一些对流参数,如最佳对流有效位能BCAPE、下沉对流有效位能DCAPE、风暴相对螺旋度SREH、大风指数WINDEX、风暴强度指数SSI、深厚对流指数DCI等对北京地区强对流天气发展潜势的指示意义。 相似文献
9.
采用2007—2015年5—8月NCEP再分析资料和国家站、区域站雷暴大风实况观测资料,利用权重和概率统计相结合的方法,确定与雷暴大风联系紧密的物理量,统计其在所选物理量不同阈值范围内出现的概率,建立雷暴大风概率潜势预报方程,并对预报结果进行检验。结果表明:(1)雷暴大风出现在白天与夜间所选物理量参数有所不同。无论白天或夜间,其在山区与其它地区的物理量阈值亦不同。(2)所选每个预报因子的概率统计结果与雷暴大风发生的环境条件基本相符,该概率由因子达到阈值范围内的样本数和在此区间内出现雷暴大风的样本数两者共同决定的。(3)该方法对08—20时和20—08时两个时段雷暴大风预报的命中率均较好,尤其2016年7月最高,预报概率为"60%以上"的命中率接近93%,可预报出雷暴大风出现的概率潜势和可能发生的区域;同时,空报率较高;预报概率为"80%"的预报临界指数更高。 相似文献
10.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(6)
基于1999—2013年大连地区的雷暴大风、雷暴和冰雹等观测资料,对大连地区雷暴大风天气的气候和天气学特征进行了分析。结果表明:1999—2013年大连地区雷暴大风天气具有较强的地域特点,夜间雷暴大风天气的发生频率明显高于白天,海岛站雷暴大风出现次数明显多于陆地站;雷暴大风天气主要集中出现在夏季,10月雷暴大风发生也较多。统计表明,大连地区雷暴大风天气通常发生在空间尺度和时间尺度均相对较大的雷暴群中,单体雷暴出现雷暴大风的概率极低,且大都伴有降水,但雷暴大风与暴雨或冰雹相伴出现的概率较低。大连地区的雷暴大风天气是由多种有利的高低空系统配置及高低空急流和中高空干空气的共同作用产生的,其中高空急流和中高空干空气是制约雷暴大风产生的重要因素,高空急流有时制约雷暴大风的产生方位和分布形态,大连地区雷暴大风通常位于高空急流轴下方及其附近区域;中高空干空气具有3个作用:一是增强大气不稳定度;二是在干湿区的交界处形成较强的露点锋,有时具有雷暴的触发作用;三是与其他天气系统叠加时具有增强上升运动的作用。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献