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1.
2015年6月1日江汉平原大暴雨过程诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料及湖北省地基GPS数据对2015年6月1日江汉平原一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:稳定强盛的水汽输送通道建立是大暴雨形成的基础,降水强度和范围则与水汽通量辐合中心和大气可降水量增量中心关系密切。强降水开始前对流层低层出现能量锋区,监利和洪湖地区位于暖平流控制下的高能舌中,气旋性环流显著。对流层低层正螺旋度的加强与气旋性暖式切变的增强相一致,高层强辐散、低层强辐合并配合正涡度,且整层均为强上升运动的形势为低层中尺度涡旋的新生和发展提供了有利的动力条件。在有利的环境条件下,暖切变线上发生发展的α中尺度低涡及地面暖低压倒槽中对应的β中尺度低压和涡旋最终导致了此次强降水过程。 相似文献
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利用NECP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料和WRF中尺度数值模式对2006年7月2-3日豫北区域性大暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并用模拟结果对该过程作中尺度分析.结果表明:暴雨中尺度系统发展和维持期间,基本上是强涡度区对应强辐合区,使得垂直对流运动发生发展,为强降水发生和持续提供了动力条件;θse值大小和实况降水强弱演变对应关系很好,θse值越大,实况降水越强,反之,实况降水越弱;豫北地区出现强降水时,水汽通量中心位于豫南且分布在西南急流轴上,豫中南部始终维持一条明显的水汽输送带,水汽被源源不断地输送到豫北地区;豫北地区处于明显的水汽辐合区,强辐合区有一自西向东的移动过程,与实况强降水过程演变趋势一致;大暴雨区域上空从低层到对流层顶层垂直螺旋度均为正值,且强降水时段与螺旋度最强时段对应关系很好,降水峰值与正螺旋度中心出现时间吻合. 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测资料、 ERA-5再分析数据、 FY-4A卫星资料,对2021年9月3-4日一次西北涡与西南涡共同作用引发的秦巴区域大暴雨过程进行了研究,探讨了两涡作用导致大暴雨的中尺度环境场特征,并对西南涡的形成过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：秦巴区域的大暴雨是在西北涡与西南涡共同作用下由中尺度对流复合体（Mesoscal Convective Complex, MCC）引起的,强降水位于MCC云顶亮温冷中心及后部偏冷空气一侧的亮温梯度大值区。西南涡生成前,西北涡后部的偏北气流与西南气流形成了中尺度切变线,在秦巴区域触发对流不稳定而激发出中尺度对流云团而产生降水;西南涡生成后与西北涡共同作用,使秦巴区域水汽的输送加强,对流层低层形成强烈辐合,正涡度和垂直上升运动加强,使MCC强烈发展并具有较长生命史,同时伴随β和γ中尺度的对流云团发展,加强了该区域的强降水,从而造成大暴雨。该过程中西南涡是由500 hPa低涡产生的正涡度和高位涡向下传递强迫,使西北涡后部偏北风与西南气流气旋性运动加强从而形成涡旋环流,西南涡与500 hPa低涡的垂直耦合使其发展为强大的涡旋系统,从而加强水汽的辐合上升运动以加... 相似文献
4.
一次广西暴雨过程的数值模拟及低涡系统分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用WRF中尺度数值模式对2008年6月12日广西地区的一次大暴雨过程进行了模拟,利用模式输出资料,对引发这次大暴雨的西南低涡的演变情况及其物理场特征进行了分析。结果表明,低涡暴雨的发生具有明显的不均匀性,暴雨主要出现在低涡东侧暖区切变线附近;暴雨过程中充沛的水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和中国南海,水汽的辐合不仅是涡旋区降水的必要条件,还是低涡发展加强的一个有利因素;强降水与强上升运动及正涡度区有很好的对应关系,低涡低层有强不稳定能量积聚也是造成此次大暴雨的重要原因之一。 相似文献
5.
利用气象常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料,对温州地区2007年梅汛期雨量最大的一次降水过程做了较为全面的分析。分析结果表明：低涡东移是造成这次局地大暴雨的直接原因;强降水往往发生在低涡移动的前部和右侧．大暴雨落区与水汽通量散度负中心有着较好的对应关系;并指出华南低涡在沿海地区和内陆地区产生强降水的水汽源地有所不同;此次局地大暴雨过程的水汽输送源地有两个,分别是南海和西太平洋;在沿海地区来自西太平洋的偏东气流对华南低涡暴雨有增幅作用;低涡前部中、低层强烈的上升气流为浙南沿海持续强降水的产生提供了十分有利的动力条件。 相似文献
6.
利用雷达、卫星、地面自动站和NCEP再分析资料,对2015年6月16日皖江东部地区的一次暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 暴雨过程是在贝加尔湖高压脊稳定维持,以及西太平洋副热带高压稳定少动、500 hPa高空槽东移、低层低涡切变维持和新生、高低空急流耦合、地面中尺度辐合系统稳定维持等十分有利的环流背景形势下产生的。2） 中低层的西南急流旺盛对暴雨过程有重要作用;K指数大值区、800—900 hPa高度内水汽辐合中心与强降水发生区域、时间都有很好的对应关系。高层强辐散中心有利于抽吸机制增强,平均散度的辐合层越厚,强降水越易发生。3） 暴雨产生于梅雨锋南侧湿中性层结。降水增强时,θse锋区增强,低层垂直涡度显著发展,600 hPa高度层以下正涡度增长一倍, 垂直涡度的耦合强迫是湿中性层结下中尺度强暴雨系统发展的动力机制。梅雨锋南侧存在经向垂直反环流,北侧为经向垂直正环流,两支次级环流上升支在暴雨区汇合加强,为大暴雨创造了有利的动力条件。4） 此次暴雨受沿江地区活跃的梅雨锋云带影响,TBB中心值小于-52 ℃的对流云团位于地面辐合线两侧,中尺度雨团位于TBB低值中心梯度区和地面辐合线上及其右侧东南气流中,冷空气南下后雨团位于辐合线北侧东北气流中。5） 发展旺盛、降水效率较高的多个对流单体依次向东移动经过皖江东部地区,形成“列车效应”,造成局地大暴雨。降水强度和西南暖湿气流的强度及持续时间密切相关。 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°格距逐6 h再分析资料、FY-2F逐时云顶亮温(TBB)资料、国家气象站常规探空和地面气象观测资料、湖北省区域气象自动站资料,对2019年5月25日湖北省东部一次大暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:500 hPa中高纬低槽不断分裂南下,盆地低槽稳定维持,中低层低涡扰动,切变线和低空急流维持,是本次大暴雨的有利天气背景;有西南向的水汽输送通道并在暴雨区强烈辐合,水汽辐合中心位于900～950 hPa,500 hPa以下整层温度露点差都在4℃以下;暴雨区在150 hPa以下为正平均涡度;400 hPa以上为正平均散度,其下为负平均散度,最强降水时段高层辐散低层辐合的配置明显向对流层下层压缩,高层负涡度低层正涡度的配置催生了高层辐散低层辐合的散度配置,有利于垂直上升运动加强;暴雨区上升运动从1 000 hPa延伸到200 h Pa,整层以上升运动为主,在最强降水时段上升运动中心明显下移;有明显的上冷下暖层结结构,形成低层暖平流高层冷平流的温度平流配置,有利于产生对流不稳定;降水云顶亮温TBB≤-50℃区域与降水区对应,近似圆形的中尺度对流系统对湖北东部强降水十分有利。 相似文献
8.
2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、卫星云图和雷达资料,对2012年7月4日山东省西部一次短时强降水的天气形势、物理量条件、云图和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：在有利降水的大尺度天气系统背景下,低层冷空气和中尺度天气系统造成了本次短时强降水天气;低层925hPa和1 000 hPa的充沛水汽和辐合上升运动有利于强降水天气的发生,正涡度中心对应强降水中心;地面辐合线和低压环流造成本次短时强降水天气;中尺度对流云团和地面中尺度系统相对应,其位置和维持时间与强降水的落区和时间基本一致。雷达组合反射率因子〉45 dBZ的强回波区与强降水落区基本吻合;雷达平均径向速度产品逆风区中辐合流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的上升对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的形成和维持;逆风区中辐散流场的出现和维持及回波顶高的下降,对应地面中尺度气旋式环流的减弱;短时强降水出现的初期,垂直累积液态水含量出现了一个峰值,峰值出现时间提前于较强降水时段。 相似文献
9.
利用三重嵌套的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5V3.5,对2005年5月31日至6月1日贵州省发生的一次大暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟,并利用模拟结果对该过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:模式较好地模拟这次大暴雨过程,并对与暴雨过程相关的中尺度系统的发生发展做出了较成功的模拟,此次过程中,西南涡是造成大暴雨的主要影响系统。对中尺度系统的模拟表明:强降水与强上升运动区及正涡度区有很好的对应关系,低层辐合、高层辐散、西南低空急流、垂直运动增强等是此次暴雨维持和发展的重要机制之一。强降水与水汽辐合的大值密切相关,降水的强弱与辐合的强弱变化一致。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP再分析资料,应用WRF模式对2014年6月20—22日江西省北部低涡暴雨过程进行模拟,分析暴雨过程的环流形势、低涡的热力、动力作用和水汽输送特征。结果表明:低层中尺度低涡是此次暴雨过程形成的主要系统,暴雨区位于低涡中心附近和南侧的西南急流出口区,低涡中心上空假相当位温高能舌对应较强降水中心。低涡南侧急流出口区强偏南气流加强,为低涡发展提供了必要的能量和水汽条件,水汽的强辐合中心位于低涡中心的右前方。暴雨过程中整层水汽通量梯度大值区位于低涡东南侧。湿位涡"上正下负"的垂直分布结构有利于强降水的发生,强的负湿位涡度柱与暴雨中心有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献