共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 64 毫秒
1.
利用地面观测资料、天气雷达资料和ECMWF-ERA5逐小时0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,主要从环境条件和触发机制两个方面,对2019年6月8日（简称过程A）、9日（简称过程B）影响江苏省北部的两次冷涡型强对流天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明： 过程A是由暖湿气流引起的短时强降水伴随雷暴大风的湿对流天气;过程B则是在高层西北气流下由干冷平流强迫引起的大风冰雹伴随短时强降水的混合对流天气。过程A,由暖湿气流形成强对流不稳定层结,垂直风切变强度一般,湿层深厚,有利于短时强降水的发生;过程B,中高层的较强干冷平流叠加在低层暖湿平流上而形成强对流不稳定层结,强的垂直风切变位于中低层,配合较强的动力抬升条件,有利于冰雹的发生。两次天气过程的触发机制都是地面辐合线。过程A的预报重点为水汽条件和来自上游的对流系统与当地地面辐合线的耦合;过程B的预报重点为大气的不稳定度和冷涡后部冷空气的干侵入与地面辐合线的耦合。 相似文献
2.
利用青海52个地面气象站小时降水并结合常规观测资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,使用K-means聚类法和合成分析方法,将青海的短时强降水天气环流形势配置划分为西风气流型、副热带高压型和高原低涡切变型。结果表明：（1）青海短时强降水发生在95°E以东地区,中心在东南部;主要出现在5-9月,8月最多,7月次之;每日17:00-2:00（北京时）出现站次多。（2）西风气流型的影响系统是高空槽和平直西风短波槽,高低空风垂直切变引起的动力不稳定导致短时强降水发生;副热带高压型是以低层偏南或偏东暖湿气流引起的热力不稳定造成短时强降水;高原低涡切变型是高原加热及弱冷空气活动使得低层锋区加强触发短时强降水。（3）合成分析表明：对流层高层的南亚高压和副热带西风急流,对流层中低层的短波槽、冷式和暖式辐合切变线,偏南暖湿气流,高原加热场等是短时强降水发生的主要影响系统。（4）来自印度季风低压偏南方向的水汽、西太平洋副热带高压东南方向的水汽、西风带高空槽西北方向的水汽在青海东部形成水汽辐合区,有利于短时强降水发生。 相似文献
3.
使用MICAPS天气资料和探空资料,对哈尔滨市2016-2020年5-9月产生的雷暴大风天气以500 hPa天气系统为主进行分型,并统计低层影响系统和地面天气系统出现的比率。然后利用NCEP资料计算各个雷暴大风天气发生前的环境参量,并采用百分位数法统计各型发生时的物理量,以25%分位数为阈值给出临界值。结果表明:(1)哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气分为冷涡型、槽前型和西北气流型。(2)850 hPa与500 hPa温度差≥24℃,CAPE值≥310 J/kg,0-6 km垂直风切变≥10 m/s,地面露点温度≥12℃对于哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气有良好的指示意义。(3)槽前型雷暴大风天气的850 hPa与500 hPa温度差最小,西北气流型个例中高CAPE值并不多;水汽条件并不是制约冷涡型雷暴大风天气发生的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
利用常规气象观测资料、自动站资料、卫星、雷达和NCEP再分析资料,针对2015年8月22日冷涡背景下华北东北部和黄淮地区同时出现的不同类型强对流天气,对比分析引发不同天气的两种中尺度对流系统的演变过程及冷涡背景下不同强对流天气的成因。具体结论如下:(1)同一冷涡背景下,华北东北部位于冷涡中心外围西南象限和地面冷高压前沿,触发的分散性多单体风暴位于冷涡外围的涡旋云系中,引发以短时强降水为主的强对流天气;黄淮地区位于冷涡后部和地面冷锋前,槽后晴空区的多个对流单体,合并后形成人字形飑线系统引发短时强降水、冰雹和雷暴大风天气;(2)环境热力和水汽的差异为形成不同的强对流天气提供了前提条件:华北东北部受高层暖脊影响,地面高压后部的偏东气流带来水汽输送,整层暖湿的条件利于产生强降水;黄淮地区高层有补充干冷空气,利于热力不稳定条件发展,但黄淮地区低层水汽不足,风雹天气在较干环境场中不易被触发;(3)引发不同强对流天气的对流触发机制不同,两处的初始对流均受同一地面辐合线影响,但华北东北部在地形抬升与辐合线共同作用下不断新生单体;黄淮地区的初始局地热对流形成后,其前沿的辐散出流与环境风形成新的辐合,使原辐合线断裂和转向;(4)出现不同强对流天气时垂直风切变不同,黄淮风雹区的中层垂直风切变更显著,有利于形成持续性的强风暴;强对流天气发生时,华北东北部中低层风场的演变与天气尺度系统的变化有关,黄淮地区中低层风的垂直分布与中尺度对流系统的发生发展有关。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨不同天气尺度背景下,北京地区短时强降水过程的基本特征,利用2007-2014年6-8月北京地区自动气象站观测数据和ECMWF ERA-Interim（0.5°×0.5°）全球再分析数据,在对北京地区短时强降水日的大尺度环流特征进行分型的基础上,基于分型合成场和距平场分析了北京地区短时强降水天气过程的基本环流背景及相应的中尺度环流特征。结果表明：（1）造成北京地区出现短时强降水过程的天气系统,依据其出现的频次,大体可分为副热带高压（副高）与西来槽相互作用型、西风小槽型、东北冷涡型和黄淮低涡倒槽型等4类;从低层水汽来看,除东北冷涡型主要来自于渤海、黄海外,其他3型短时强降水过程的水汽主要来自中国南海或东海。（2）不同天气系统主导下的短时强降水时空分布存在较大差异：在空间分布上,黄淮低涡倒槽型短时强降水带分布从北京东南平原穿过城区至西北山前成东南-西北走向,其余3型大体上沿北京地形成西南-东北走向,其中,西南山前、城区和东北山前地区是3个短时强降水事件的多发中心;在时间分布上,东北低涡型造成的短时强降水过程主要发生在午后,副高与西来槽相互作用型主要集中在傍晚至前半夜,而西风小槽型和黄淮低涡倒槽型短时强降水表现出较强的夜雨特征。（3）从中尺度环流特征上看,副高与西来槽相互作用型短时强降水过程主要是低层冷空气从北京西部、北部进入,首先触发山区对流,与之对应的雷暴高压逐渐组织化,外侧辐散气流（冷池出流）和山前的偏南风暖湿气流辐合造成对流过程加强;西风小槽型主要是边界层内较强东南风在北京西北部山前受地形阻挡,向两边绕流,西南支气流在西部形成气旋性环流,造成城区西部的对流性天气,东北支气流在东北部山前形成地形辐合线,夜间随着东南气流中偏南分量显著加强,东北部山前地区的辐合上升运动加强,造成东北部山前对流性天气,因此在短时强降水落区上表现为两个分离的多发中心且具有夜发性;东北冷涡型主要是系统性的冷空气从北京北部或西部南下,在山前与低空偏东风形成辐合切变线,触发午后对流性天气;黄淮低涡倒槽型主要是黄淮低涡顶部的低层偏东气流在北京西部山前辐合抬升,触发对流,并逐步演变为中尺度气旋性环流,形成相对组织化的短时强降水。 相似文献
6.
郑州地区3次冷涡型强对流天气对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2004年6月中下旬郑州地区3次比较典型的强对流天气的高低空形势、物理量场及雷达资料的对比分析结果表明:1)500 hPa冷涡的位置在42°N以南,郑州上游有较强冷平流侵入,并且700 hPa和850 hPa也有对应低值系统存在,是郑州地区强对流天气发生发展的大尺度环流背景.2)地面中尺度辐合线的存在是强对流天气的主要触发机制.3)动力因子的差异造成了不同类型的强对流天气.4)雷暴云中强下沉冷空气在近地层强烈辐散能够引起地面大风.5)水汽因子的差异决定了雷雨能否发生.上下层均为干冷空气时一般仅伴有大风天气;低层暖湿、中高层干冷时能增加大气的对流性不稳定,有利于强降水和局地冰雹的产生. 相似文献
7.
山东省三次暖切变线极强降水的对比分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
应用加密观测、常规观测、卫星云图和雷达探测的资料及NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)再分析资料,对山东省三次极强降水天气进行了诊断和对比分析。结果表明,低层暖式切变线和500 hPa西风槽是三次强降水的主要影响系统。强降水前低层大气高温、高湿、对流不稳定,有较高的对流不稳定能量。低层暖式切变线辐合和暖湿平流产生的上升运动与地面辐合线附近产生的上升运动相叠加,触发对流不稳定能量释放,产生强对流,造成强降水。较强的风垂直切变使得对流有组织地发展。强降水期间,中高层弱的干冷空气侵入,使得对流不稳定加强,中高层具有高位涡的干冷空气入侵诱发低层中尺度涡旋发展, 辐合上升运动加强。低层暖湿气流螺旋式辐合上升与中高层入侵的干冷空气相遇,水汽凝结率增大,降水强度增强。中高层干冷空气侵入的时段与极强降水的时段相对应。有利的地形对局地短时极强降水有重要作用。低层暖式切变线和500 hPa低槽的位置、强弱不同,中高层冷空气的强度和入侵路径不同,对流云团的发生发展、内部结构和移动方向不同,造成强降水的地理位置和强度不同。 相似文献
8.
《青海气象》2017,(3)
通过对2006-2012年黄南州各地1h降水量≥25mm的短时强降水时空分布及环境场分析。结果表明:短时强降水时空特征为北少南多势态,河南最多,集中发生在7、8月份,一日的16-21时,均为单锋型;短时强降水过程的高空形势为副高边缘型、低涡切变型和西北气流冷平流型三种类型,其中副高边缘型强降水是黄南州主要高空环流形式,发生在冷锋前的暖区里;短时强降水天气过程开始前及发生时地面至中空湿度近似饱和,温度露点差小于4℃,触发短时强降水的冷空气侵入不同,副高边缘型温度场反应对流层中低层暖脊控制,对流层低层到地面有弱冷空气侵入,低涡切变型是对流层低层强冷空气的侵入,西北气流型是对流层中层冷空气入侵,对流层低层为暖空气控制;降水区一般在高空西风急流轴的南侧,高空西风急流出口区右侧存在辐散上升气流,有利于强对流天气的形成,低空显著气流为强降水区提供足够的水汽及不稳定层结的建立和维持;地面中尺度辐合线是强降水的中尺度影响系统;总结出短时强降水中尺度概念模型。 相似文献
9.
利用1981—2012年4—10月青岛市7个观测站逐时降水量资料和同期NCEP再分析资料,统计分析青岛市短时强降水的时空分布特征,建立青岛市短时强降水天气概念模型。结果表明：青岛市年短时强降水日数无明显变化趋势;4—10月均有短时强降水出现,7—8月是多发月份;短时强降水的日变化有2个多发时段,主峰在下午到傍晚时段,次峰在凌晨时段;即墨、平度、黄岛为青岛市短时强降水的多发区域,其中黄岛为连续性短时强降水出现最多的区域;青岛市产生短时强降水的天气系统可分为六种类型,西风槽型、横槽型、冷涡型、热带低值系统型、西北气流型、切变线型,其中西风槽型出现次数最多。 相似文献
10.
《内蒙古气象》2016,(4)
文章利用常规天气资料和NECP/NCAR再分析资料,对2014年8月3—4日唐山地区的强对流天气过程进行详细分析。结果表明:此次强降水天气是500h Pa贝加尔湖以南低槽与河套短波槽东移合并引起的,850h Pa切变线是造成此次暴雨天气的主要影响系统,地面辐合线是触发机制;台风外围暖湿气流输送是此次暴雨发生的主要水汽来源,低层充足的水汽输送和水汽辐合提供有利的水汽条件;低层维持暖湿、中高层干冷入侵增加了大气不稳定能量,是强对流天气出现的重要原因;低层辐合上升,高层辐散,高空急流抽吸、通风作用维持强对流发展;卫星红外云图、多普勒雷达基本反射率对对流单体,多普勒雷达径向速度对低层辐合线有很好的识别,对强对流天气预报预警有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献