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1.
《气象科学进展》2021,(4)
利用地面气象观测资料、卫星遥感资料以及ERA-Interim再分析资料对2017年11月14日夜间至15日早晨安徽境内一次导致严重交通事故的大雾天气过程进行分析,结果表明:1)此次大雾天气覆盖范围广,区域差异明显,江淮之间中西部、沿淮西部部分地区能见度不足200 m,交通事故发生路段附近的最低能见度不足100 m;能见度变化具有较强的局地性,使得高速公路行车危险性增大。2)大雾发生前后500 hPa高度场上安徽境内受西北偏西气流影响,无较强冷空气活动,地面处均压场内,有弱偏东气流提供水汽。大雾发生前云量较少,地面辐射降温明显,近地层大气层结夜间转为稳定,为典型的辐射雾。良好的水汽供应和较强的辐射降温使得近地层空气相对湿度在夜间接近饱和;稳定的大气层结和接近饱和的空气是这次大雾发生的直接原因。 相似文献
2.
利用中国第一代全球大气/陆面再分析产品(China’s first generation global atmospheric/land surface reanalysis product,简称CRA),结合地面自动站观测、中国气象局陆面数据同化系统的能见度格点数据、葵花8号卫星资料,分析了2021年1月21—26日琼州海峡一次持续性海雾过程的发展演变、环流形势以及边界层特征,同时分析了两种不同类型雾的形成机制。结果表明:(1)21—22日为低层冷空气扩散形成的锋面雾;23—26日为冷高后部偏东气流型平流雾过程,其中23日23:00至24日14:00大雾发展最强盛,连续12个时次出现特强浓雾,最小能见度达25 m。(2)锋面雾阶段,偏北风影响,风速为1~3 m/s;平流雾阶段,偏东风影响,风速为4~6 m/s。(3)锋面雾阶段,水汽辐合中心位于琼州海峡南岸至海南岛东北部陆地,大雾在陆地开始发展。平流雾阶段,水汽辐合中心位于琼州海峡北岸至海南岛东部海面一带,大雾自海上发展。(4)锋面雾阶段,逆温层在950 hPa左右高度发展,为下冷上暖的平流配置;平流雾阶段,950 hPa以下均为暖平流,逆温层从地面开始发展。大雾过程中锋面雾和平流雾两种不同性质大雾的发展使得大雾长时间维持。 相似文献
3.
利用首都机场1998-2005年每小时观测数据和NCEP／NCAR每日4次的再分析资料,分析了首都机场雾发生的日变化、季节变化和年际变化特点;合成分析了首都机场大雾形成、持续和消散阶段天气形势的气候特征。结果表明：首都机场1998-2005年雾的季节变化特征显著。夏季、秋季出现轻雾天气过程多;秋冬季节是首都机场大雾的高发期。首都机场轻雾与大雾的日变化特征有明显差异。轻雾过程的日变化特征明显,在13时（北京时间,下同）达极大值,从20时至次日9时能见度较差。能见度的变化与温度的变化有很好的正相关,而与相对湿度的变化有很好的负相关。大雾过程中各要素日变化不明显。对1998-2005年大雾天气过程合成分析的结果表明,大雾形成、持续和消散阶段的850hPa形势场均是“一槽一脊”型。大雾形成和持续阶段的地面形势场是鞍形场或均压场,大雾消散阶段的地面形势场是完整的高压前部。在形成阶段,北京受弱暖脊控制,无明显冷暖平流,大气层结稳定,有利于辐射降温作用和水汽在近地面层的积聚;在持续阶段,北京区域地面辐合,冷空气在上游堆积,随着850hPa槽脊位置的东移南压,南方暖湿空气输送受阻,高层逐渐转干;在消散阶段,850hPa高空槽过境,完整的高压控制北京区域,强冷空气随北风南下,大雾过程逐渐结束。 相似文献
4.
利用沪宁高速公路自动气象监测站(AMW)数据,结合NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°格点再分析资料,对2009年12月1—2日发生在沪宁高速公路上的大雾天气过程的能见度演变特征及其与相关气象要素的关系进行了分析,并对大雾形成机理进行了研究。结果表明:能见度与各气象要素之间均呈非线性关系,与相对湿度呈稳定的指数衰减关系,与温度及风速呈复杂的多项式关系;高空暖性高压脊和地面变性冷高压的高低空环流配置为雾的形成提供了逆温层结和近地面的弱风场条件;偏东气流和逆温层保证了水汽供应及在低层汇聚;雾区上空的热力因子和动力因子的分析证明了雾区大气层结状态的稳定性。 相似文献
5.
利用气象台站观测资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对2012年1月10日河南中东部一次较大范围的太雾天气过程进行分析,以揭示大雾的成因。结果表明：1）高层环流平直,中低层受高压脊前弱偏北气流控制,地面均压场及弱冷空气活动,是此次大雾形成的环流背景条件。2）T—lnp图上,各项不稳定指数及状态曲线与层结曲线显示,大雾区整层大气处于稳定层结状态,且t（925hPa-地面）≥2℃、湿层（t—td≤4℃）顶部高度超过1000hPa（即海拔高度250m以上）。3）边界层暖平流的输入有利于逆温层结的建立以及大雾的加强与维持,冷暖平流间的零平流区能较好区分大雾区与非雾区。4）T639预报场中,近地层逆温区、地面风速≤3m／s区域、地面相对湿度超过90％区域与近地面微弱上升运动区的重合区即为大雾易发区域。应用数值预报可较好预报区域性大雾。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象资料和NECP1°×1°再分析资料对2014年1月14—18日和1月30日—2月2日两次持续性大雾天气过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:两次过程均存在平流雾、辐射雾以及平流-辐射雾,高空冷空气入侵南下是两次大雾天气结束的原因;大雾期间,高空环流形势较为稳定,地面气压梯度较小,大气层结存在不同程度的逆温,有上干下湿的特征;当有辐射雾出现时,地面受均压场控制,风速为1~3m/s,整层均为西北气流;有平流雾时,地面受单一气压场控制,风速为4~6 m/s,特别是低层存在暖湿气流的输送,近地面存在弱辐合上升,对流层中层存在弱辐散下沉;能见度与温度露点差基本存在同位相变化,与相对湿度存在显著的反位相变化。 相似文献
7.
鄂中东部两次秸秆焚烧引发的严重灰霾天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用气象卫星监测、微波辐射计、常规气象观测、NCEP再分析资料及环境监测等资料,采用气流后向轨迹模拟,对2012年6月11日和6月15日发生在鄂中东部的两次灰霾天气,从特征和成因进行了综合分析。结果表明,这两日的污染物指数（API）分别达到233 μg/m3和139 μg/m3,11日PM2.5最高值达141 μg/m3 ;两日的能见度均在2 km以下,11日平均能见度仅565 m,最低能见度246 m。这两次灰霾天气与北方冬小麦主产区大范围秸秆集中焚烧,造成大量污染物排放有密切关系。在115°E,39°～32°N存在大范围逆温层,垂直高度950~850 hPa 厚度为一致的东北气流,使得排放的污染物在“逆温层盖”的阻挡下不能向高空扩散,而随东北气流向鄂中东部输送。同时鄂中东部近地面静风、地面“均压场”、逆温、近地层弱垂直速度、正涡度和负散度等物理量条件,及适宜的湿度条件等因素,导致污染物不能及时扩散或沉降,为灰霾在本地形成和维持提供了有利的气象条件,加剧了灰霾的严重性。 相似文献
8.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2021,(4)
利用地面观测、高空探测常规资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析以及FY-2G红外云图,综合分析2016年11月10—13日北疆北部的暖区暴雪过程成因,结果表明:此次暴雪天气是在"单阻型"经向环流和有利的高低空天气系统配置下发生的,主要表现为500 hPa东欧阻塞高压脊稳定,西西伯利亚低涡和冷槽东南下至北疆境外的中亚地区,200～500 hPa低涡和冷槽系统深厚且呈前倾结构,低涡底部极锋锋区加强并压至北疆上空,700～850 hPa北疆北部有暖平流和暖脊发展,地面气压场呈"两高夹一低"形势,北疆在地面冷锋前部和暖锋后部的暖区内。中高层西北急流、低层偏西气流和偏东气流3支气流在暴雪区上空汇合,暴雪区位于高空低涡底部西北急流、低层暖平流和切变线、地面暖低压南部的高低空重叠区域内。500 hPa以下仅有一条西方水汽输送路径,最强水汽输送在600～700 hPa,最强水汽辐合位于850 hPa附近,最大暴雪中心(裕民)的水汽输送强度更强、厚度更厚、时间更长,其平均云顶黑体亮温TBB值较富蕴偏高10℃左右。 相似文献
9.
应用常规气象观测、加密自动站、能见度观测等资料和NCEP FNL再分析资料,对2014年辽宁地区一次罕见的长时间大范围强浓雾天气的成因进行诊断。结果表明：2014年11月20-22日辽宁地区大雾过程分为两个阶段,其中21日14-16时大雾爆发性发展后,特强浓雾持续12 h,此种情况在辽宁近20 a比较罕见。大雾第一阶段为辐射雾,雾前低层弱暖平流利于升温,大雾期间中层弱冷平流利于出现晴空辐射条件,夜间在辐射降温作用下,975 hPa高度以下形成逆温;气温下降、温度露点差减小、相对湿度增大;近地面微风利于降温,同时水汽不易流出,逆温作用使得水汽不易向高层扩散,近地面层水汽浓度增大,导致第一阶段大雾快速发展。大雾第二阶段为锋面雾,大雾快速发展期间无逆温、有弱冷锋过境,锋面附近辐合导致水汽上升冷却凝结,同时锋面附近低云降下雨滴在干冷空气中蒸发,利于近地面附近水汽饱和、冷凝,是大雾快速发展的原因。 相似文献
10.
上海一次连续大雾过程的成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用上海市遥测能见度数据、常规气象资料和T213、GFS分析资料以及GPS-PWV资料,分析了2008年1月5-11日发生在上海地区的一次连续大雾天气过程.分析表明当有天气尺度西风槽频繁活动、槽前暖湿气流不断向气层输入暖湿空气,如再遇特定暖水面或暖海面从近地面向气层输送暖湿气流时,在晴天和微风的早晨极易形成辐射雾;当东、黄海暖湿空气从近地面流向冷水面或冷陆面,如再遇江南低空偏南暖湿气流辐合聚积时,极易形成平流雾.雾区登陆距离与东风气流强弱有关,东风气流越强,雾区西进距离越长.在平流雾期间,0～300 m平均相对湿度的高湿区与雾区吻合.当绝对湿度小于3 g/kg时不会有大雾发生,绝对湿度在9～1 5 g/kg和GPS-PWV值在15 mm左右时,在合适的大气条件下容易形成大雾. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献