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1.
2013年初江苏连续性雾-霾天气的特征分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用FNL资料、污染物颗粒浓度资料以及常规气象资料对2013年1月12—16日江苏地区的连续性雾 霾天气过程的环流形势、地面气象要素特征、大气边界层结构及大气污染状况等进行了分析。结果表明：高空形势变化平稳、中低层的暖平流配合稳定少动的地面气压场为雾 霾天气的发生提供了有利的环流形势;持续变化较小的气压梯度和较低的风速以及相对湿度的增大和PM2.5、PM10的浓度的变化为雾 霾形成和发展提供了条件;雾 霾期间低层都存在不同程度的逆温现象,混合层高度与AQI呈反相关关系,当混合层高度越低,AQI就越高,污染就越严重,能见度就越差;相对湿度的升高和PM2.5在污染物颗粒中的富集,是导致能见度下降和持续污染的首要原因,而强冷空气带来的大风降温是污染物颗粒被快速清除的重要动力机制;影响南京的污染物来源为：黄海、安徽地区、北方污染物的输送和本地的局地污染。 相似文献
2.
2013年1—2月华北雾、霾天气边界层特征对比分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
利用地面观测资料、中国气象局PM2.5质量浓度数据、L波段探空秒数据等,对华北地区三个大城市(北京、石家庄和太原)的雾、霾及晴天天气的地面风场特征及PM2.5浓度分布情况进行了统计分析。同时分析了典型雾、霾天气过程中的边界层气象要素垂直结构及逆温层特征,并与晴天过程做了对比。通过对不同强度雾、霾天气过程的边界层动力、热力学结构差异的讨论,发现逆温强度与雾、霾天气的能见度有负相关关系,并对雾、霾天气的发生有一定的预报指示意义。 相似文献
3.
利用合肥地区高时间分辨率观测资料对2013年1月13-15日一次低能见度事件中大气颗粒物变化进行分析,依据能见度、相对湿度和PM2.5浓度将过程划分为轻雾、霾、雾3个阶段,进而研究不同阶段大气颗粒物的微物理特征。结果表明：这次低能见度事件经历了“轻雾—霾—轻雾—雾—轻雾—雾—轻雾”的阶段转换过程。整个过程PM2.5/PM10和PM1/PM2.5与能见度呈负相关关系,雾阶段PM2.5/PM10大,细颗粒物积聚程度较快;而轻雾和霾阶段PM2.5/PM10小且离散程度大,粗颗粒物生成速度较快。不同阶段的颗粒物谱分布存在较大差异,轻雾和霾阶段的细颗粒物数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度谱形相似;雾阶段对不同粒径尺度的颗粒物数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度均有沉降作用,雾过程持续时间越长,对颗粒物的沉降作用越强。 相似文献
4.
利用重庆地区能见度及温、压、湿、风等气象资料和大气颗粒物浓度数据，对重庆能见度特征及其影响因子进行分析，采用神经网络方法建立能见度预报模型，分析比较了引入PM2.5浓度因子对预报模型的影响效果。发现：重庆地区能见度分布呈现西低东高以及长江沿线较低的分布特征；雾发生时的平均能见度低于降水时能见度也远低于剔除雨、雾后的能见度，表明低能见度受大气中水汽影响更大；雾在冬季比例明显增加，使得平均能见度在冬季明显降低，而6月和10月降水增多是导致这两个月平均能见度出现明显降低的重要原因；能见度日变化呈现单峰型，雾和降水高发时段与平均能见度低值区重叠，是造成夜间能见度低的一个重要原因；大气湿度、温度及颗粒物浓度都是影响能见度的重要因子，当相对湿度小于70%时能见度随PM2.5增加明显降低，当相对湿度大于70%时PM2.5对能见度的影响降低；在能见度的客观预报模型中引入PM2.5浓度因子的预报效果好于不引入该因子的效果，特别是秋冬季的预报效果改善明显。 相似文献
5.
利用2015—2019年鹰潭市5个大气成分监测站数据和气象站地面观测数据,运用主成分分析法,提取气象要素、气体污染物对PM2.5和PM10浓度影响的主要成分,调整BP人工神经网络的隐藏层个数和隐藏层节点数,构建基于BP人工神经网络的鹰潭市PM2.5和PM10浓度预测模型。结果表明：1） 气象要素中,共提取3个影响PM2.5、PM10浓度的主成分,分别为相对湿度、降水,气温、气压和风速,其中湿度、气温、风速与PM2.5、PM10浓度显著相关。2） 气体污染物中,共提取2个主成分,分别为SO2、NO2和O3,其中NO2、SO2与PM2.5、PM10浓度显著相关。3） 所建立的PM2.5、PM10浓度逐小时预测模型在20 h内预测性能良好,预测准确率分别为88%、86%,逐日预测模型在5 d内的预测性能良好,预测准确率分别为94%、92%,准确率较高,具有良好的预报性能。 相似文献
6.
利用2013年2月至2016年1月北京朝阳环境气象站PM2.5质量浓度和同步地面风数据,重点分析了PM2.5质量浓度的变化特征及受地面风的影响情况。观测期间测点PM2.5年平均质量浓度为80.6±4.0 μg·m-3,为环境空气质量标准(GB3095—2012)二级年均浓度限值(35 μg·m-3)的约2.3倍,季节变化特征明显,冬季最高（115.1 μg·m-3）、夏季最低（58.5 μg·m-3）。测点主导风向为ENE—E—ESE,风速主要集中在0.2~2.0 m·s-1。当地面风来自ENE—E—ESE方向时PM2.5质量浓度最高（109.1 μg·m-3）,来自WNW—NW—NNW方向时最低（39.5 μg·m-3）。PM2.5质量浓度随风速增大先上升后下降,在0.4 m·s-1时达最高,为139.2 μg·m-3。风速在0.2~2.0 m·s-1时主要受ENE—E—ESE方向影响,而2~6 m·s-1时主要受ESE方向影响较大。通过与其他站点的比较发现,不同站点各方向污染源和地面风的差异导致了PM2.5质量浓度在各方向分布的差异。 相似文献
7.
为探究华东地区能见度变化情况，利用1973—2020年的能见度数据、2014—2019年的气象要素和污染物浓度数据，采用趋势分析、经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function，EOF）分解、相关分析的方法，分析了能见度时空变化特征及影响因子。结果表明：①1973—2020年能见度呈显著（p<0.01）下降趋势，变化倾向率为-1.315 km/10a，〖JP〗季节之间存在差异，夏、秋季能见度下降速率较大分别为1.681 km/10a、1.443 km/10a；冬、春季下降幅度相对较小分别为1.092 km/10a、1.091 km/10a。其中，1973—2012年能见度呈显著（p<0.01）下降趋势，变化倾向率为-1.204 km/10a，2013—2020年能见度呈不显著（p>0.05）增加趋势，变化倾向率为2.229 km/10a，近8年（2013—2020年）来能见度存在明显改善。②华东地区南部、北部能见度较好，中部能见度较差。EOF分解第1模态表明华东地区能见度整体变化趋势一致，第2模态具有明显的区域差异。③能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2均呈负相关，与O3质量浓度呈正相关，相对湿度是对能见度下降影响最大的因子，其次是PM2.5质量浓度。气温和气压与能见度的关系存在较强的不确定性。 相似文献
8.
2014年10月京津冀地区一次PM2.5污染过程的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来我国东部尤其是华北地区的PM2.5污染逐年加重,引起广泛关注。本文利用WRF Chem模拟了2014年10月京津冀地区一次PM2.5重度污染过程,研究造成此次过程的天气形势、污染物的时空分布特征以及一次、二次PM2.5对总浓度的贡献率,并对污染最严重当日的PM2.5垂直分布进行详细分析。结果表明：造成本次污染过程的是弱高压控制下的静稳天气系统,地面主导风向为南风,垂直方向上有逆温层,抑制了污染物垂直方向上的扩散。发生污染时,PM2.5的高浓度主要分布在北京南部、天津北部与河北接壤的区域,二次PM2.5的贡献率大于一次PM2.5,在清洁大气中则一次PM2.5的贡献更大。垂直方向上,PM2.5中的一次颗粒物只在近地面有高浓度中心,1.2~1.6 km的上空高值区以二次生成的颗粒物为主,是由前体物上升到高空后再通过氧化反应生成的,当这部分颗粒物随着边界层落回近地面时会加重污染。随着时间的变化,污染物的分布高度和边界层高度呈明显的正相关。 相似文献
9.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
利用2013—2014年银川地区大气颗粒物质量浓度和同期气象要素的观测资料,分析了银川地区大气颗粒物浓度的分布特征及其与气象条件的关系。结果表明:2013—2014年银川地区PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1年平均浓度分别为167.3μg·m-3、67.2μg·m-3和45.0μg·m-3,年平均PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)、PM1/PM_(10)、PM1/PM_(2.5)分别为45.0%、32.0%和65.0%;PM_(10)浓度3月最高,8月最低,PM_(2.5)和PM1最高浓度均出现在1月,PM_(2.5)最低浓度出现在8月,PM1最低浓度出现5月;3—5月为PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)、PM1/PM_(10)和PM1/PM_(2.5)最低的3个月。不同天气类型PM_(10)浓度由高至低依次为浮尘/扬沙典型天气平均霾晴天雾,不同天气类型PM_(2.5)浓度由高至低依次为扬沙/浮尘霾典型天气平均晴天雾,不同天气类型PM1浓度由高至低依次为霾典型天气平均雾晴天浮尘/扬沙。风速与PM_(10)浓度呈正相关关系,风速与PM_(2.5)和PM1浓度均呈负相关关系;PM_(10)浓度在偏西北风时较高,PM_(2.5)和PM1浓度在偏西南风与偏东北风时较高;气温与PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、PM1浓度均呈显著的负相关关系;相对湿度与PM_(10)浓度呈显著的负相关关系,相对湿度与PM1浓度呈显著的正相关关系,相对湿度与PM_(2.5)相关性较弱;气压对PM_(10)浓度变化的影响较小,气压与PM_(2.5)、PM1浓度呈正相关关系;降水对PM_(10)的清除作用最强,对PM_(2.5)的清除作用次之,对PM1基本无清除作用。 相似文献
10.
2020年1月12—15日江苏泰州发生了一次较强的雾〖CD*2〗霾过程，利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料（1°×1°）及空气质量资料等，对此次过程的演变特征、成因、气团后向轨迹特征进行了分析，结果表明：此次过程具有日变化特征，霾期间对应的PM2.5和PM10浓度、空气质量指数相较于雾略高，这与大雾造成的湿沉降有关。此次东路冷空气对泰州影响较弱，前期易造成污染物在本地聚集。夜间至清晨相对湿度90%以上，风小，弱的垂直交换为雾的形成提供了较好的热、动力条件。白天相对湿度减小至80%，风速增至2 m〖DK〗·s-1，此时大气污染物浓度较高，雾转换为霾。13日900 hPa以上暖平流增强，边界层内逆温和90%以上相对湿度的存在，使得雾和霾均加强至最强。此外，分析气团的后向轨迹特征发现，霾天气期间500 m以下气团稳定少动。14日500 m以上清洁气团向低空补充，利于污染物的扩散，霾减轻。15日傍晚，风力增强并伴有降水出现，雾〖CD*2〗霾过程结束。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献