共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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通过对SL-3型双翻斗雨量传感器进行模拟降水试验,分析上翻斗与计量翻斗翻动协调性带来的降水测量误差。模拟试验初步表明:当上翻斗最大承水量不合理,计量翻斗最大承水量合理时,会使翻斗翻动不协调,降水损失增加,导致实测降水偏小,如在雨强1mm/min,当上翻斗右斗最大承水量偏小0.4mL时,实测降水误差为-4%;当上翻斗最大承水量合理,计量翻斗最大承水量不合理时,计量翻斗最大承水量不合理程度对降水测量准确度影响较大,如同样在雨强1 mm/min,计量翻斗左斗最大承水量合理,当计量翻斗右斗最大承水量偏小0.4mL,实测降水误差为+11%,测量误差明显大;并且不是上翻斗(或计量翻斗)最大承水量调节合理就一定会使测量误差小,而是上翻斗与计量翻斗的协调性好才会使测量误差小。上翻斗的增加不能完全解决单翻斗雨量计因降水强度大小不同引起的测量误差,但明显缩小了不同雨强下降水测量误差偏差。提出利用虹吸原理装置代替上翻斗,减少人为调节因素的干扰,提高测量准确度。 相似文献
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1雨量传感器的构造及工作原理自动站雨量传感器(上海气象仪器厂造)主要由外筒(承水器)、上翻斗、计量翻斗、计数翻斗及干簧管组成。工作原理:降水通过承水器进入上翻斗,自然降水积聚到一斗后翻转,进入计量翻斗,每翻转1次为0.1 mm降水量,这样进入计量翻斗的水流速度近似于大气降 相似文献
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双翻斗雨量传感器标校过程中，对于不同雨强超差方向相反的雨量计需要分别调节上翻斗的定位螺钉和计量翻斗的容量调节螺钉，同时也需要记录上翻斗和计量翻斗的翻动次数。雨量计使用的是无源脉冲输出，计量翻斗的每次翻动触发干簧管产生一个脉冲，利用单片机即可采集这个信号自动记录。而上翻斗的翻动次数靠人工观察统计，由于翻斗翻动速度较快人工计数不准确，最终造成标校不准。并且人工每次只能记录1台雨量计，无法批量自动记录数据。本文采用光纤传感器在不干扰雨量计运行情况下自动统计上翻斗翻动次数，为标校提供准确数据。 相似文献
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SL3 1型双翻斗式雨量传感器故障分析及排除方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 SL3-1型双翻斗式雨量传感器工作原理SL3-1型双翻斗式雨量传感器由上海气象仪器厂生产,用以测量液体降水量。传感器安装在室外,主要由承水器、上翻斗、汇集漏斗、计量翻斗、计数翻斗和干簧管等组成[1]。采集器安放在室内,两者用导线连接,用来自动遥测并连续采集液体降水。有 相似文献
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根据自动气象站雨量传感器检定规程和测量不确定度评定的过程与方法,以实验室检定SL3-1型双翻斗雨量传感器为例,通过逐项分析误差来源及其引入的不确定度分量,针对各分量分别使用不同的评定方法和数学方法计算了各项标准不确定度,最终给出了实验室检定双翻斗雨量传感器的扩展不确定度:在大小两种雨强下,测量不确定度均为U95=0.14mm,包含因子k95=2.06。经传递比较法验证,评出的测量不确定度结果满足了计量标准考核规范和法定计量检定机构考核规范中的相关要求。该研究完善了雨量传感器的实验室检定工作流程,提高了工作质量。 相似文献
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1 雨量传感器翻斗翻转不灵活或不翻转这种情况造成干簧接点不闭合 ,不输出或少输出电路导通脉冲 ,就会出现雨量记录与人工观测记录相差较大。处理方法 :清除翻斗支点的脏物 ,以减少翻斗翻转阻力 ,重新安装翻斗 ,轻轻拨动使其正常翻转 ,注意不要用手触摸翻斗内壁或其他物体 ,以免粘附油污。2 引流管不畅通或堵塞有降水 ,采集通信软件显示“雨量数值栏为N(即无降水 ) ,雨强0 .0”。此时应检查集水器和引流管是否堵塞 ,再检查线路接头是否松动。若雨势较大 ,采集通信软件显示却很小 ,说明集水器和引流管不畅通 ,应及时疏通。3 无雨 ,采集通… 相似文献
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为掌握称重式降水传感器的液态降水观测性能,推进降水自动化观测进程,按照降水过程强弱,依照北京市观象台2011年春夏季降水观测数据的统计结果,对DSH1型称重式降水传感器与业务用SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器进行比较分析。结果表明：以SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器为参照,DSH1型称重式降水传感器的观测数据基本可靠,在小雨过程中,两种型号传感器的观测数据有较好一致性;在中雨及大雨过程中,DSH1型称重式传感器与SL3 1型双翻斗雨量传感器还有一定的差异,有待于进一步试验与研究。试验过程中,DSH1型称重式传感器曾有故障出现,仪器可靠性有待提高。 相似文献
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自记与自动观测降雨量的差异及相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004—2007年同时使用雨量计（自记）与雨量传感器（自动）观测的54站其中1年的平行观测日降雨量资料,通过对比差值、相关系数分析两者的差异及相关性。结果表明：双翻斗式遥测雨量计自记观测比双翻斗雨量传感器自动观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.12 mm,标准差为0.93 mm。虹吸式雨量计自记观测比双翻斗雨量传感器自动观测的日降雨量平均偏小0.39 mm,标准差为1.5 mm。自动观测降雨量对雨日有一定的影响,两者存在一定的系统偏差。双翻斗式遥测雨量计、虹吸式雨量计与双翻斗雨量传感器观测日降雨量的相关系数分别为0.996和0.994,虹吸式雨量计、双翻斗式遥测雨量计自记观测与人工观测降雨量的相关系数分别为0.98和0.95。 相似文献
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介绍降水测量仪器的雨量器(计)的发展,应用现状,及气象站雨量传感器原理,技术性能及其相关标准等,结合实际探讨翻斗式雨量传感器在使用中经常出现的问题及解决方法. 相似文献
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摘要：开展新观测仪器的研究应用,优化观测仪器设计是气象业务发展需求,也是提高气象观测数据质量的有效手段。通过对SL3-1型双翻斗雨量传感器和DSDZ3型智能翻斗雨量测量仪传感器结构、原理进行比较,结合两类雨量传感器常见故障,分析两类雨量传感器各自优势和存在的不足,总结常见故障处理方法,为雨量传感器改进和从事气象站保障工作的同行提供借鉴和参考。结果表明：两种雨量传感器原理相同,校准和误差调节方法相似; SL3-1型雨量传感器结构简易,便于维护,但不能及时发现堵塞、干簧管老化等问题;DSDZ3型智能翻斗式雨量测量仪具有自检功能,可实时监控传感器状态,及时发现故障并处理,有效提高观测数据质量,但其结构复杂,维护及故障处理难度较大。 相似文献
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Vilmos Vasvri 《Atmospheric Research》2005,77(1-4):18
The Institute of Urban Water Management and Landscape Water Engineering of the Graz University of Technology (Austria) operates a hydrological research area in the City of Graz. In this urban research area precipitation and runoff data are collected by order of the municipality of Graz. At present precipitation data are measured by seven tipping bucket rain gauges. Comparative measurements have shown a deviation between the recorded and the actual precipitation intensity. This made the institute calibrate the rain gauges periodically. In the middle of the 1990s, the development of a field calibration kit was started. Based on the experiences with the first field calibration kit, a microprocessor controlled device was developed. With this calibration device, the tipping bucket rain gauges are calibrated at regular intervals. In this paper the calibration process and the current results for seven rain gauges are discussed. The calibration process is dynamic calibration and uses a peristaltic pump. Not all of the tipping buckets investigated underestimate the rain intensity in the whole measuring range. Several rain gauges have a positive relative deviation, not exceeding 22%, in the low intensity range up to 0.5 mm/min. Positive deviation can be explained by retention of water in the buckets between tips. The reason for the negative deviation is the loss of water during the tips. It leads to the underestimate of the actual intensity. The largest relative deviation in the range of underestimate exceeds 30%. In the range of extreme intensities, the larger buckets (5 cm3) show a lower relative deviation than the smaller (2 cm3) buckets. The gauge characteristic can change in favourable or unfavourable directions after several years. Therefore, the calibration of tipping buckets is recommended at least every 2 to 3 years. 相似文献
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Improving the accuracy of tipping-bucket rain records using disaggregation techniques 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a methodology able to infer the influence of rainfall measurement errors on the reliability of extreme rainfall statistics. We especially focus on systematic mechanical errors affecting the most popular rain intensity measurement instrument, namely the tipping-bucket rain-gauge (TBR). Such uncertainty strongly depends on the measured rainfall intensity (RI) with systematic underestimation of high RIs, leading to a biased estimation of extreme rain rates statistics. Furthermore, since intense rain-rates are usually recorded over short intervals in time, any possible correction strongly depends on the time resolution of the recorded data sets. We propose a simple procedure for the correction of low resolution data series after disaggregation at a suitable scale, so that the assessment of the influence of systematic errors on rainfall statistics become possible. The disaggregation procedure is applied to a 40-year long rain-depth dataset recorded at hourly resolution by using the IRP (Iterated Random Pulse) algorithm. A set of extreme statistics, commonly used in urban hydrology practice, have been extracted from simulated data and compared with the ones obtained after direct correction of a 12-year high resolution (1 min) RI series. In particular, the depth–duration–frequency curves derived from the original and corrected data sets have been compared in order to quantify the impact of non-corrected rain intensity measurements on design rainfall and the related statistical parameters. Preliminary results suggest that the IRP model, due to its skill in reproducing extreme rainfall intensities at fine resolution in time, is well suited in supporting rainfall intensity correction techniques. 相似文献
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Assessment of spill flow emissions on the basis of measured precipitation and waste water data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) are substantial contributors to the total emissions into surface water bodies. The emitted pollution results from dry-weather waste water loads, surface runoff pollution and from the remobilisation of sewer deposits and sewer slime during storm events. One possibility to estimate overflow loads is a calculation with load quantification models. Input data for these models are pollution concentrations, e.g. Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODtot), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) or Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODsol), rainfall series and flow measurements for model calibration and validation. It is important for the result of overflow loads to model with reliable input data, otherwise this inevitably leads to bad results. In this paper the correction of precipitation measurements and the sewer online-measurements are presented to satisfy the load quantification model requirements already described. The main focus is on tipping bucket gauge measurements and their corrections. The results evidence the importance of their corrections due the effects on load quantification modelling and show the difference between corrected and not corrected data of storm events with high rain intensities. 相似文献
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热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带气旋的眼墙非对称结构与其发展过程密切相关。在热带气旋移动过程中,非对称风场伴随着边界层内非对称摩擦而引起的辐合,影响着热带气旋眼墙内的对流分布。此外,风垂直切变作为影响热带气旋强度的重要因子,将上层暖心吹离表层环流,引起眼墙垂直运动的非对称,导致云、降水在方位角方向的非均匀分布。当存在平均涡度的径向梯度时,罗斯贝类型的波动可以存在于涡旋内核区域,影响眼墙非对称结构。海洋为热带气旋提供潜热和感热形式的能量,是热带气旋发展的重要能量来源,关于海洋如何影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的相关研究较少。文中着重回顾了热带气旋与海洋相互作用的研究成果,并提出海洋影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的机制。海洋对热带气旋最显著的响应特征是冷尾效应,该效应通过降低海表温度,减少海洋向大气输送的潜热和感热,从而影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构。此外,海浪改变海表粗糙度,通过边界层影响移动热带气旋的眼墙结构。 相似文献